Ídico Luiz Pellegrinotti

Limiar anaeróbio e velocidade crítica determinada com diferentes distâncias em nadadores de 10 a 15 anos: relações com a performance e a resposta do lactato sanguíneo em testes de endurance

The objective of this study was to compare the critical speed (CS) determined from different distances with the anaerobic threshold (AnT) and the maximum speeds in tests of 20 (S20) and 30 (S30) minutes, and to check if the chronological age of young swimmers can influence these relations. 31 swimmers (17 girls and 14 boys) participated in this study, divided by chronological age into two groups: 10-12 and 13-15 years. The AnT was determined as the velocity corresponding to 4 mM of blood lactate. The CS1 (25/50/100 m), CS2 (100/200/400 m), and the CS3 (50/100/200 m) had been calculated through the slope of the linear regression between the distances and their respective times. The S20 and S30 were determined through 3 to 6 trials, with blood collections at the 10th min and at the end of each test. For the 10-12 group, CS1 (m/s) (0.98 + 0.17) and AnT (0.97 + 0.12) were not different, being higher than CS2 (0.92 + 0.16), CS3 (0.89 + 0.18), S20 (0.92 + 0.11) and S30 (0.90 + 0.11). For the 13-15 group, CS1 (m/s) (1.11 + 0.11) was higher than AnT (1.02 + 0.07), S20 (0.99 + 0.09), S30 (0.97 + 0.09), CS2 (0.98 + 0.11) and CS3 (1.00 + 0.11). It can be concluded that the distance used for the determination of CS interferes on its value, irrespective of the chronological age. CS determined with distances between 50 and 400 m can be used for evaluation of the aerobic capacity of children and adolescents, substituting the maximum continuous tests of 20 or 30 minutes.

Effects of the neuromuscular training in the cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition of female volleyball athletes

As respostas do organismo humano submetido a estimulos diversos, mensuradas atraves de parâmetros de performance, tem sido objeto de estudo a fim de aprimorar os metodos de treinamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do treinamento neuromuscular na capacidade cardiorrespiratoria e composicao corporal de atletas de voleibol. Foram avaliadas 11 mulheres, antes e apos 12 semanas de treinamento, referente a fase preparatoria do ciclo anual de treinamento. O protocolo experimental constou de avaliacao da composicao corporal (percentual de gordura, massa magra e a gordura corporal) e da aptidao cardiorrespiratoria por meio de ergoespirometria em esteira rolante com protocolo continuo e carga crescente, na qual se determinaram o consumo maximo de oxigenio, a frequencia cardiaca maxima, o limiar anaerobio, a frequencia cardiaca do limiar anaerobio e a velocidade do limiar anaerobio. O treinamento teve frequencia de cinco dias por semana dividido em duas sessoes: uma de treinamento de forca e outra de treinamento tecnico e tatico. Apos o periodo estudado ocorreram aumentos (p < 0,05) no consumo maximo de oxigenio (6,5%), no limiar anaerobio (17,5%), na velocidade do limiar (15,3%) e reducao (p < 0,05) na frequencia cardiaca maxima (-3,1%). Tambem houve reducao (p < 0,05) no percentual de gordura (-8,2%), na gordura corporal (-7,4%) e aumento (p < 0,05) na massa magra (3,2%). Conclui-se que o treinamento neuromuscular realizado na fase preparatoria de treinamento contribuiu para o aumento da capacidade cardiorrespiratoria e massa magra e para reducao do percentual de gordura e a gordura corporal das atletas de voleibol.

Efeitos de um programa de treinamento neuromuscular sobre o consumo máximo de oxigênio e salto vertical em atletas iniciantes de voleibol

As alteracoes ocorridas na performance motora de jovens envolvidos em treinamentos especializados ainda nao sao muito claras. Este e um conhecimento de suma importância para a correta prescricao desses treinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influencia do treinamento nas variaveis neuromotoras e orgânicas de jovens atletas na modalidade voleibol em diferentes momentos do programa. Foram selecionadas nove atletas, do sexo feminino, da equipe infantil, do Clube de Campo de Piracicaba/SP, na faixa etaria de 14 e 15 anos, para a realizacao dos testes: alcance de ataque e bloqueio e o teste de 1.000 metros, com o objetivo de avaliar, em tres momentos distintos, o programa de treino sugerido. Foram realizadas quatro coletas de dados, a primeira na apresentacao das atletas, a segunda no final da etapa geral, a terceira no final da etapa especial e a ultima no final do periodo competitivo. No periodo preparatorio foram utilizados exercicios com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho das atletas na realizacao das acoes motoras do jogo. No competitivo foram realizados exercicios com o objetivo de manter os indices de rendimento alcancados anteriormente, priorizando os exercicios coletivos envolvendo a tecnica e a tatica da modalidade. Com base na analise estatistica dos dados, obtida atraves do calculo da media, desvio-padrao, nivel de significância (p < 0,05) e delta percentual, foi possivel concluir que na etapa geral do periodo preparatorio houve aumento nos indices de forca de membros inferiores e da resistencia geral; na especial, continuou-se com a tendencia de aumento. No periodo competitivo ocorreu a manutencao dos resultados, o que corrobora a eficacia do programa de treino sugerido para as capacidades fisicas estudadas.The alterations that occur in the motor performance of young athletes involved in specialized trainings are not yet quite clear. That is a highly important knowledge to the appropriate prescription of the trainings. The purpose of this paper was to verify the influence of the training on the neuromotor and organic variables in young volleyball athletes in different moments of the program. Nine female athletes of the child team from Clube de Campo Piracicaba/SP were selected to perform the tests: the attack and blocking range, and the 1,000 meters test, with the purpose to assess the suggested training program in three different moments of the suggested training program. Four data collection were performed: the first on the athletes’ presentation, the second one at the end of the general phase, and the third at the end of the special phase, and the last one at the end of the competitive period. In the preparatory period, the exercises were used aiming to improve the athletes’ performance to accomplish the motor actions of the game. During the competitive phase, it was performed exercises with the purpose to keep the previously attained output indexes, favoring the collective exercises involving the techniques and tactics of the modality. Based on the statistical analysis of the data attained through the calculation of the mean, the standard deviation significance level (p < 0.05), and the percentage of the data, it was possible to conclude that there was an increase in the strength indexes of the lower limbs and in the general endurance during the general phase of the preparatory period; in the special phase, the increasing bias continued. During the competitive period, the results achieved were maintained, and this confirms the effectiveness of the training program suggested for the physical capabilities assessed.

Effects of a neuromuscular training program on the maximal Oxygen consumption and vertical jump in beginning volleyball players

As alteracoes ocorridas na performance motora de jovens envolvidos em treinamentos especializados ainda nao sao muito claras. Este e um conhecimento de suma importância para a correta prescricao desses treinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influencia do treinamento nas variaveis neuromotoras e orgânicas de jovens atletas na modalidade voleibol em diferentes momentos do programa. Foram selecionadas nove atletas, do sexo feminino, da equipe infantil, do Clube de Campo de Piracicaba/SP, na faixa etaria de 14 e 15 anos, para a realizacao dos testes: alcance de ataque e bloqueio e o teste de 1.000 metros, com o objetivo de avaliar, em tres momentos distintos, o programa de treino sugerido. Foram realizadas quatro coletas de dados, a primeira na apresentacao das atletas, a segunda no final da etapa geral, a terceira no final da etapa especial e a ultima no final do periodo competitivo. No periodo preparatorio foram utilizados exercicios com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho das atletas na realizacao das acoes motoras do jogo. No competitivo foram realizados exercicios com o objetivo de manter os indices de rendimento alcancados anteriormente, priorizando os exercicios coletivos envolvendo a tecnica e a tatica da modalidade. Com base na analise estatistica dos dados, obtida atraves do calculo da media, desvio-padrao, nivel de significância (p < 0,05) e delta percentual, foi possivel concluir que na etapa geral do periodo preparatorio houve aumento nos indices de forca de membros inferiores e da resistencia geral; na especial, continuou-se com a tendencia de aumento. No periodo competitivo ocorreu a manutencao dos resultados, o que corrobora a eficacia do programa de treino sugerido para as capacidades fisicas estudadas.The alterations that occur in the motor performance of young athletes involved in specialized trainings are not yet quite clear. That is a highly important knowledge to the appropriate prescription of the trainings. The purpose of this paper was to verify the influence of the training on the neuromotor and organic variables in young volleyball athletes in different moments of the program. Nine female athletes of the child team from Clube de Campo Piracicaba/SP were selected to perform the tests: the attack and blocking range, and the 1,000 meters test, with the purpose to assess the suggested training program in three different moments of the suggested training program. Four data collection were performed: the first on the athletes’ presentation, the second one at the end of the general phase, and the third at the end of the special phase, and the last one at the end of the competitive period. In the preparatory period, the exercises were used aiming to improve the athletes’ performance to accomplish the motor actions of the game. During the competitive phase, it was performed exercises with the purpose to keep the previously attained output indexes, favoring the collective exercises involving the techniques and tactics of the modality. Based on the statistical analysis of the data attained through the calculation of the mean, the standard deviation significance level (p < 0.05), and the percentage of the data, it was possible to conclude that there was an increase in the strength indexes of the lower limbs and in the general endurance during the general phase of the preparatory period; in the special phase, the increasing bias continued. During the competitive period, the results achieved were maintained, and this confirms the effectiveness of the training program suggested for the physical capabilities assessed.

EFFECT OF PRE-SEASON PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE SOCCER ATHLETES

Introducao: O treinamento fisico periodico proporciona melhorias das capacidades biomotoras, como por exemplo, os sprints repetidos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento fisico na composicao corporal e em sprints repetidos em atletas de futebol feminino profissional. Metodos: Integraram o estudo oito jogadoras de futebol (idade: 23,1 ± 1,9 anos; estatura: 168,9 ± 7,8 cm; massa corporal: 64,1 ± 9,8 kg; % de gordura: 17,7 ± 4,8) participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2014. As avaliacoes (composicao corporal e sprints repetidos) foram realizadas antes (M1) e apos (M2) sete semanas de treinamento, com 57 sessoes de treinamento e tres jogos treino. O programa de treinamento consistiu em resistencia aerobica e anaerobica, forca maxima, velocidade e resistencia de forca. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados; para comparar os momentos M1 e M2 aplicou-se o teste t de Student para os dados parametricos e o teste de Wilcoxon para os dados nao parametricos, nivel de significância de P<0,05. Resultados: Nao houve alteracoes significativas na composicao corporal. Houve diminuicao significativa no melhor (M1 = 5,68 ± 0,32 s, M2 = 5,36 ± 0,21 s); no pior (M1 = 6,76 ± 0,25 s, M2 = 6,35 ± 0,16 s) e na media (M1 = 6,22 ± 0,28 s, M2 = 5,90 ± 0,24 s) do tempo dos sprints. Conclusao: O treinamento fisico periodico, contemplando as capacidades de resistencia aerobica, anaerobica, forca maxima e velocidade, potencializou o desempenho em sprints repetidos, mesmo nao alterando a composicao corporal.introduction: periodic physical training, such as repeated sprints, provides improvements in biomotor capacity. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on body composition and repeated sprints in professional female soccer players. methods: Eight soccer players (age: 23.1±1.9 years; height: 168.9±7.8 cm; body mass: 64.1± 9.8 kg; fat %: 17.7±4.8) took part in the study, all participants of the 2014 paulista Women’s soccer championship. the evaluations (body composition and repeated sprints) were performed before (m1) and after (m2) seven weeks of training (57 training sessions and three training games). the training program consisted of aerobic and anaerobic endurance, maximum strength, speed, strength endurance. the shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data; student’s t test was used for parametric data to compare m1 with m2, and the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric data. the level of significance was p<0.05. results: there were no significant changes in body composition. there was a significant decrease in the best (m1 = 5.68 ± 0.32 sec, m2 = 5.36±0.21 sec), the worst (m1 = 6.76± 0.25 sec, m2 = 6.35±0.16 sec), and average (m1 = 6.22±0.28 sec, m2 = 5.90±0.24 sec) time of sprints. conclusion: periodic physical training, considering the aerobic and anaerobic endurance capabilities, maximum strength and speed, enhanced the performance of repeated sprints, but did not alter body composition.

EFEITO DA PRÉ-TEMPORADA NO DESEMPENHO DE ATLETAS DE FUTEBOL FEMININO

Introducao: O treinamento fisico periodico proporciona melhorias das capacidades biomotoras, como por exemplo, os sprints repetidos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento fisico na composicao corporal e em sprints repetidos em atletas de futebol feminino profissional. Metodos: Integraram o estudo oito jogadoras de futebol (idade: 23,1 ± 1,9 anos; estatura: 168,9 ± 7,8 cm; massa corporal: 64,1 ± 9,8 kg; % de gordura: 17,7 ± 4,8) participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2014. As avaliacoes (composicao corporal e sprints repetidos) foram realizadas antes (M1) e apos (M2) sete semanas de treinamento, com 57 sessoes de treinamento e tres jogos treino. O programa de treinamento consistiu em resistencia aerobica e anaerobica, forca maxima, velocidade e resistencia de forca. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados; para comparar os momentos M1 e M2 aplicou-se o teste t de Student para os dados parametricos e o teste de Wilcoxon para os dados nao parametricos, nivel de significância de P<0,05. Resultados: Nao houve alteracoes significativas na composicao corporal. Houve diminuicao significativa no melhor (M1 = 5,68 ± 0,32 s, M2 = 5,36 ± 0,21 s); no pior (M1 = 6,76 ± 0,25 s, M2 = 6,35 ± 0,16 s) e na media (M1 = 6,22 ± 0,28 s, M2 = 5,90 ± 0,24 s) do tempo dos sprints. Conclusao: O treinamento fisico periodico, contemplando as capacidades de resistencia aerobica, anaerobica, forca maxima e velocidade, potencializou o desempenho em sprints repetidos, mesmo nao alterando a composicao corporal.introduction: periodic physical training, such as repeated sprints, provides improvements in biomotor capacity. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on body composition and repeated sprints in professional female soccer players. methods: Eight soccer players (age: 23.1±1.9 years; height: 168.9±7.8 cm; body mass: 64.1± 9.8 kg; fat %: 17.7±4.8) took part in the study, all participants of the 2014 paulista Women’s soccer championship. the evaluations (body composition and repeated sprints) were performed before (m1) and after (m2) seven weeks of training (57 training sessions and three training games). the training program consisted of aerobic and anaerobic endurance, maximum strength, speed, strength endurance. the shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data; student’s t test was used for parametric data to compare m1 with m2, and the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric data. the level of significance was p<0.05. results: there were no significant changes in body composition. there was a significant decrease in the best (m1 = 5.68 ± 0.32 sec, m2 = 5.36±0.21 sec), the worst (m1 = 6.76± 0.25 sec, m2 = 6.35±0.16 sec), and average (m1 = 6.22±0.28 sec, m2 = 5.90±0.24 sec) time of sprints. conclusion: periodic physical training, considering the aerobic and anaerobic endurance capabilities, maximum strength and speed, enhanced the performance of repeated sprints, but did not alter body composition.

EFECTO DE LA PRETEMPORADA EN EL RENDIMIENTO DE LOS JUGADORES DE FÚTBOL FEMENINO

Introducao: O treinamento fisico periodico proporciona melhorias das capacidades biomotoras, como por exemplo, os sprints repetidos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento fisico na composicao corporal e em sprints repetidos em atletas de futebol feminino profissional. Metodos: Integraram o estudo oito jogadoras de futebol (idade: 23,1 ± 1,9 anos; estatura: 168,9 ± 7,8 cm; massa corporal: 64,1 ± 9,8 kg; % de gordura: 17,7 ± 4,8) participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2014. As avaliacoes (composicao corporal e sprints repetidos) foram realizadas antes (M1) e apos (M2) sete semanas de treinamento, com 57 sessoes de treinamento e tres jogos treino. O programa de treinamento consistiu em resistencia aerobica e anaerobica, forca maxima, velocidade e resistencia de forca. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados; para comparar os momentos M1 e M2 aplicou-se o teste t de Student para os dados parametricos e o teste de Wilcoxon para os dados nao parametricos, nivel de significância de P<0,05. Resultados: Nao houve alteracoes significativas na composicao corporal. Houve diminuicao significativa no melhor (M1 = 5,68 ± 0,32 s, M2 = 5,36 ± 0,21 s); no pior (M1 = 6,76 ± 0,25 s, M2 = 6,35 ± 0,16 s) e na media (M1 = 6,22 ± 0,28 s, M2 = 5,90 ± 0,24 s) do tempo dos sprints. Conclusao: O treinamento fisico periodico, contemplando as capacidades de resistencia aerobica, anaerobica, forca maxima e velocidade, potencializou o desempenho em sprints repetidos, mesmo nao alterando a composicao corporal.introduction: periodic physical training, such as repeated sprints, provides improvements in biomotor capacity. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on body composition and repeated sprints in professional female soccer players. methods: Eight soccer players (age: 23.1±1.9 years; height: 168.9±7.8 cm; body mass: 64.1± 9.8 kg; fat %: 17.7±4.8) took part in the study, all participants of the 2014 paulista Women’s soccer championship. the evaluations (body composition and repeated sprints) were performed before (m1) and after (m2) seven weeks of training (57 training sessions and three training games). the training program consisted of aerobic and anaerobic endurance, maximum strength, speed, strength endurance. the shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data; student’s t test was used for parametric data to compare m1 with m2, and the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric data. the level of significance was p<0.05. results: there were no significant changes in body composition. there was a significant decrease in the best (m1 = 5.68 ± 0.32 sec, m2 = 5.36±0.21 sec), the worst (m1 = 6.76± 0.25 sec, m2 = 6.35±0.16 sec), and average (m1 = 6.22±0.28 sec, m2 = 5.90±0.24 sec) time of sprints. conclusion: periodic physical training, considering the aerobic and anaerobic endurance capabilities, maximum strength and speed, enhanced the performance of repeated sprints, but did not alter body composition.

The Influence of 16-weeks of Periodized Resistance Training on Vertical Leap and TW20meters Performance Tests for Volleyball Players

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 16 weeks of periodized resistance training (pre-season) on vertical leap measurements and performance in a test specific to volleyball (TW20meters). This study investigated 13 volleyball players participating in state-level competitions. Vertical leap and TW20meters assessments were performed before (baseline) and after the fifth, ninth, thirteenth, and the sixteenth weeks of physical training. Progressive improvement (P < 0.001) was observed throughout the pre-season compared to baseline values for both tests. In conclusion, periodized resistance training was effective in promoting improvements in vertical leap performance and in a test specifically for volleyball. These data indicate that TW20meters is a test that can be used to detect changes in physical performance induced by resistance training in athletes playing volleyball

Neuromuscular and Blood Lactate Response After a Motocross Training Session in Amateur Riders.

Background Motocross is one of the most popular motorized off-road sports, characterized by riding on irregular natural terrain of hard earth and/or sand with various obstacles throughout the course. Objectives This study evaluated the influence of a motocross training session on neuromuscular response and blood lactate in amateur riders. Patients and Methods Nine motocross riders (22.7 ± 2.8 years) participating in amateur competitions at the state level conducted a training session of 20 minutes duration at a motocross track (1.6 km) with a 250-cc four-stroke motorcycle. Metabolic demand was measured with blood lactate concentrations before and immediately, 3, 5, 8, and 10 minutes after the training session. To measure neuromuscular response, riders completed handgrip strength and horizontal jump tests before and 10 minutes after the training session. Student’s t-test and analysis of variance one-way repeated measures were used to compare the changes before and after the motocross training session. Results Significant decreases in handgrip strength were observed for both hands (left: P = 0.010 and right: P = 0.004). However, no significant difference (P = 0.241) in horizontal jump ability was observed. Significant blood lactate values were observed immediately (P = 0.001), 3 (P = 0.001), 5 (P = 0.001), and 8 (P = 0.01) minutes after training when compared to the value before training. The peak blood lactate value was 6.5 ± 2.7 mM at 8 minutes after the training session. Conclusions Amateur motocross riders had significant anaerobic metabolism demands and had reduced handgrip strength following a training session. These data suggest an importance of physical training aimed at improving anaerobic and neuromuscular performance of the upper limbs in amateur motocross riders.

Correlações entre capacidade aeróbia, capacidade anaeróbia e potência anaeróbia, determinadas por testes não invasivos e específicos para corredores

Metodos simples, nao invasivos e especificos para corredores vem sendo bastante aplicados no atletismo. Um deles e o modelo de velocidade critica, que identifica a capacidade aerobia (Vcrit), a qual parece apresentar elevadas correlacoes com indices aerobios, e a capacidade de corrida anaerobia (CCA). Outro protocolo e o e Runing Anaerobic Sprint Test ( RAST ), destinado a determinar a potencia anaerobia. Desse modo, o estudo objetivou estudar as correlacoes entre capacidades aerobia, anaerobia e potencia anaerobia, determinadas por dois testes nao invasivos e especificos para a corrida, analisando tambem o efeito do genero dos atletas sobre esses parâmetros. Foram avaliados 10 atletas (6 homes e 4 mulheres), submetidos a tres baterias desses testes (27 avaliacoes). Para estimar as capacidades aerobia e anaerobia utilizou-se o modelo de Vcrit. O ajuste linear ‘distância vs tempo’ indicou os valores de Vcrit (coeficiente angular) e a CCA (coeficiente angular) da regressao. A determinacao das potencias maxima (Pmax), media (Pmed), minima (Pmin) e indice de fadiga (IF) foi fornecida pelo RAST. Todos os resultados do grupo masculino foram superiores ao grupo feminino, exceto a CCA. Houve correlacao significante entre Vcrit e CCA para o grupo todo e para a parcela masculina e ainda de Vcrit com Pmed e Pmin. Conclui-se que, entre as avaliacoes, nao e possivel substituir uma em detrimento da outra, necessitando de mais estudos para a compreensao do significado fisiologico da CCA.