Márcia Alves Vasconcelos Rodrigues

Qualidade microbiológica de leite humano obtido em banco de leite

OBJECTIVE The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms that indicate the hygienic and sanitary conditions of human milk samples collected at a Human Milk Bank. METHODS Three hundred and thirty eight (338) samples of human milk collected from a milk bank in a maternity in the municipality of Goiânia, in the state of Goias, Brazil were submitted to microbiological analysis. The latter were plated on McConkey agar according to the type of bacteria. Among the total number of samples collected, 194 consisted of raw milk and the remaining 144 were pasteurized milk. RESULTS The presence of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., yeasts and molds, and Enterobacteriaceae was verified in the raw milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 10 (5.2%) samples, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 28 (14.4%) samples, Streptococcus spp. in three (1.6%) samples, yeasts and molds in 43 (22.2%) and Enterobacteriaceae in 49 (25.3%) samples. In a hundred and forty four (144) samples which underwent thermal treatment Staphylococcus aureus was detected in five (3.5%) samples, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 15 (10.4%), Staphylococcus lugdenensis in two (1.4%), Streptococcus spp. in four (2.8%), yeasts and molds in 37 (25.7%), and Enterobacteriaceae in nine (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS Analysis indicated a high degree of contamination in raw human milk, and as for the pasteurized milk, despite elimination of the great majority of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the percentage of yeasts and molds was higher than in raw milk, demonstrating that a lower degree of initial contamination would be necessary for pasteurization to be an efficient means of microbiological control.

Descontaminaçäo prévia de materiais médico-cirúrgicos: estudo da eficácia de desinfetantes químicos e água e sabäo

In this experimental study we compared the previous descontamination efficacy of the medical surgical materials by the use of chemical disinfectants and the mechanical cleaning with water and soap, as well as verified the organic material interference in these procedures. To carry out this study, we used surgical pincers under contamination with: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538, Salmonella cholerae suis ATCC-10708, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-15442 in presence and absence of organic matter (fetal bovine serum). The following treatments: glutaraldehyde 2%, sodium hypochlorite 1%, hydrogen peroxide 6%, alcohol 70% and the mechanical cleaning with water and soap were compared with eight repetitions in a total of 480 observations. In the described conditions, the disinfectants had a good efficacy in the previous descontamination of the medical surgical materials and a less inativation by the organic material. The mechanical cleaning with water and soap showed a reduction of the microrganism to safe levels, considered adequate for previous descontamination.Estudo experimental, visando a comparar a eficacia da descontaminacao previa de materiais medico-cirurgicos pelo uso de desinfetantes quimicos e pela utilizacao de agua, sabao e acao mecânica, e verificar a interferencia da materia orgânica nesse procedimento. Utilizaram-se como carreadores pincas cirurgicas contaminadas com Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538, Salmonella cholerae suis ATCC-10708 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-15442, em presenca e ausencia de materia orgânica (soro fetal bovino a 10%). Empregaram-se cinco tratamentos: glutaraldeido 2%, hipoclorito de sodio 1%, peroxido de hidrogenio 6%, alcool 70% e, agua, sabao e acao mecânica; com oito repeticoes, em um total de 480 observacoes. Nas condicoes testadas, os desinfetantes foram eficazes na descontaminacao previa de materiais medico-cirurgicos e pouco inativados pela materia orgânica. A limpeza mecânica com agua e sabao apresentou reducao dos microrganismos a niveis considerados adequados para descontaminacao previa.

Standardization of in-house polymerase chain reaction for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the reference tropical disease hospital in the State of Goiás, Brazil

This study compares smear, growth in Lowenstein-Jensen medium, and in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A total of 72 specimens from 72 patients with clinical symptoms of tuberculosis, including 70 sputum and two bronchial aspirate samples, were tested in parallel by smear, culture, and in-house PCR techniques. From these, 48 (66.6%) were negative by the 3 methods, 2 (2.8%) were smear positive and negative by culture and in-house PCR, 11 (15.3%) were both smear and culture negative, and in-house PCR positive, 7 (9.7%) were positive by the 3 methods, 2 (2.8%) were positive by smear and culture, and negative by PCR, 2 (2.8%) were positive by culture and PCR, but smear negative. After the resolution of discrepancies in PCR results, the sensitivity and specificity for in-house PCR technique to M. tuberculosis relative to the culture, were 81.8% and 81.9%, respectively. These results confirm that this method, in-house PCR, may be a sensitive and specific technique for M. tuberculosis detection, occurring in both positive and negative smear and negative cultures.

Artigos esterilizados em calor úmido: validação do sistema de guarda

We aimed at identifying the period of validity of the sterilization of items by humid heat, taking into account the conditions of sterilization and storage. The validation was carried out by means of microbiological tests performed with instruments in the same load and evaluated in 0, 7, 10, 15, and 25 days. 30% of the instruments in each package were analysed and put in a Mueller Hinton solution and incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 hours. The reading was accomplished taking into consideration how dark the solution was. Out of the samples evaluated in nine loads, none showed microbiological growth. It was concluded that, although sterilization and storage conditions of the material were not fully in accordance with parameters recommended by the literature, the sterilization happened and was maintained for a period of 25 days.Objetivamos identificar o tempo de validade da esterilizacao dos artigos processados pelo calor umido, considerando as condicoes de esterilizacao e guarda. A validacao deu-se atraves de testes microbiologicos realizados com instrumentais processados numa mesma carga e avaliados em tempos 0, 7, 10, 15 e 25 dias. Foram analisados 30% do instrumental de cada pacote que foi colocado em caldo Mueller Hinton e incubado a 37oC por 72 horas. A leitura deu-se pela turvacao do caldo. Das amostras avaliadas de nove cargas, em nenhuma houve crescimento microbiologico. Concluiu-se que apesar das condicoes de esterilizacao e guarda do material nao se adequarem totalmente dentro dos parâmetros recomendados pela literatura, a esterilizacao ocorreu e manteve-se por um periodo de 25 dias.

Previous descontamination of the medical surgical materials: study of the efficiency of chemical disinfectants and water and soap

In this experimental study we compared the previous descontamination efficacy of the medical surgical materials by the use of chemical disinfectants and the mechanical cleaning with water and soap, as well as verified the organic material interference in these procedures. To carry out this study, we used surgical pincers under contamination with: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538, Salmonella cholerae suis ATCC-10708, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-15442 in presence and absence of organic matter (fetal bovine serum). The following treatments: glutaraldehyde 2%, sodium hypochlorite 1%, hydrogen peroxide 6%, alcohol 70% and the mechanical cleaning with water and soap were compared with eight repetitions in a total of 480 observations. In the described conditions, the disinfectants had a good efficacy in the previous descontamination of the medical surgical materials and a less inativation by the organic material. The mechanical cleaning with water and soap showed a reduction of the microrganism to safe levels, considered adequate for previous descontamination.Estudo experimental, visando a comparar a eficacia da descontaminacao previa de materiais medico-cirurgicos pelo uso de desinfetantes quimicos e pela utilizacao de agua, sabao e acao mecânica, e verificar a interferencia da materia orgânica nesse procedimento. Utilizaram-se como carreadores pincas cirurgicas contaminadas com Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538, Salmonella cholerae suis ATCC-10708 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-15442, em presenca e ausencia de materia orgânica (soro fetal bovino a 10%). Empregaram-se cinco tratamentos: glutaraldeido 2%, hipoclorito de sodio 1%, peroxido de hidrogenio 6%, alcool 70% e, agua, sabao e acao mecânica; com oito repeticoes, em um total de 480 observacoes. Nas condicoes testadas, os desinfetantes foram eficazes na descontaminacao previa de materiais medico-cirurgicos e pouco inativados pela materia orgânica. A limpeza mecânica com agua e sabao apresentou reducao dos microrganismos a niveis considerados adequados para descontaminacao previa.

Items sterilized in humid heat: validation of the storage system

We aimed at identifying the period of validity of the sterilization of items by humid heat, taking into account the conditions of sterilization and storage. The validation was carried out by means of microbiological tests performed with instruments in the same load and evaluated in 0, 7, 10, 15, and 25 days. 30% of the instruments in each package were analysed and put in a Mueller Hinton solution and incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 hours. The reading was accomplished taking into consideration how dark the solution was. Out of the samples evaluated in nine loads, none showed microbiological growth. It was concluded that, although sterilization and storage conditions of the material were not fully in accordance with parameters recommended by the literature, the sterilization happened and was maintained for a period of 25 days.Objetivamos identificar o tempo de validade da esterilizacao dos artigos processados pelo calor umido, considerando as condicoes de esterilizacao e guarda. A validacao deu-se atraves de testes microbiologicos realizados com instrumentais processados numa mesma carga e avaliados em tempos 0, 7, 10, 15 e 25 dias. Foram analisados 30% do instrumental de cada pacote que foi colocado em caldo Mueller Hinton e incubado a 37oC por 72 horas. A leitura deu-se pela turvacao do caldo. Das amostras avaliadas de nove cargas, em nenhuma houve crescimento microbiologico. Concluiu-se que apesar das condicoes de esterilizacao e guarda do material nao se adequarem totalmente dentro dos parâmetros recomendados pela literatura, a esterilizacao ocorreu e manteve-se por um periodo de 25 dias.

Esterilización de artículos en calor humedo: validez del sistema protector

We aimed at identifying the period of validity of the sterilization of items by humid heat, taking into account the conditions of sterilization and storage. The validation was carried out by means of microbiological tests performed with instruments in the same load and evaluated in 0, 7, 10, 15, and 25 days. 30% of the instruments in each package were analysed and put in a Mueller Hinton solution and incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 hours. The reading was accomplished taking into consideration how dark the solution was. Out of the samples evaluated in nine loads, none showed microbiological growth. It was concluded that, although sterilization and storage conditions of the material were not fully in accordance with parameters recommended by the literature, the sterilization happened and was maintained for a period of 25 days.Objetivamos identificar o tempo de validade da esterilizacao dos artigos processados pelo calor umido, considerando as condicoes de esterilizacao e guarda. A validacao deu-se atraves de testes microbiologicos realizados com instrumentais processados numa mesma carga e avaliados em tempos 0, 7, 10, 15 e 25 dias. Foram analisados 30% do instrumental de cada pacote que foi colocado em caldo Mueller Hinton e incubado a 37oC por 72 horas. A leitura deu-se pela turvacao do caldo. Das amostras avaliadas de nove cargas, em nenhuma houve crescimento microbiologico. Concluiu-se que apesar das condicoes de esterilizacao e guarda do material nao se adequarem totalmente dentro dos parâmetros recomendados pela literatura, a esterilizacao ocorreu e manteve-se por um periodo de 25 dias.

Descontaminación prévia de los instrumentos médico-quirúrgicos: estudio de la eficacia de desinfectantes químicos y agua y jabón

In this experimental study we compared the previous descontamination efficacy of the medical surgical materials by the use of chemical disinfectants and the mechanical cleaning with water and soap, as well as verified the organic material interference in these procedures. To carry out this study, we used surgical pincers under contamination with: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538, Salmonella cholerae suis ATCC-10708, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-15442 in presence and absence of organic matter (fetal bovine serum). The following treatments: glutaraldehyde 2%, sodium hypochlorite 1%, hydrogen peroxide 6%, alcohol 70% and the mechanical cleaning with water and soap were compared with eight repetitions in a total of 480 observations. In the described conditions, the disinfectants had a good efficacy in the previous descontamination of the medical surgical materials and a less inativation by the organic material. The mechanical cleaning with water and soap showed a reduction of the microrganism to safe levels, considered adequate for previous descontamination.Estudo experimental, visando a comparar a eficacia da descontaminacao previa de materiais medico-cirurgicos pelo uso de desinfetantes quimicos e pela utilizacao de agua, sabao e acao mecânica, e verificar a interferencia da materia orgânica nesse procedimento. Utilizaram-se como carreadores pincas cirurgicas contaminadas com Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538, Salmonella cholerae suis ATCC-10708 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-15442, em presenca e ausencia de materia orgânica (soro fetal bovino a 10%). Empregaram-se cinco tratamentos: glutaraldeido 2%, hipoclorito de sodio 1%, peroxido de hidrogenio 6%, alcool 70% e, agua, sabao e acao mecânica; com oito repeticoes, em um total de 480 observacoes. Nas condicoes testadas, os desinfetantes foram eficazes na descontaminacao previa de materiais medico-cirurgicos e pouco inativados pela materia orgânica. A limpeza mecânica com agua e sabao apresentou reducao dos microrganismos a niveis considerados adequados para descontaminacao previa.