Márcia do Amaral Siqueira

Lesões de borda de pregas vocais e tempos máximos de fonação

PURPOSE: to compare the otorhinolaryngologic diagnosis of vocal folds edge lesions and their Maximum Phonation Times in adults and children of both genders; to check the frequency of the Maximum Phonation Times types (reduced, normal or increased) in the pathologies of vocal folds edge and the frequency of these pathologies in individuals with mature vocal fold edge (adults) and immature vocal fold edge (children) in both genders. METHODS: to recover the database of the patients that have complained about voice. They have been attended in a phonological university service office, with a medical diagnosis of the edge pathology of vocal fold. Among the 152 records displayed by the database, 54 have been passed for the inclusion criteria, being 8 cases from cysts of vocal fold and 46 from vocal fold nodules. RESULTS: the vocal fold nodules have showed the lesions with more frequency in adults and children, with higher portion in adult women and male gender children. The cysts of vocal folds have occurred in a higher portion in female gender both in children as well as in adults. There was a decrease in Maximum Phonation Times of children of both gender and of adults women. CONCLUSION: as the vocal fold edge lesions difficult the appropriate glottal closing, they tend to cause a decrease in the Maximum Phonation Times values.

Som fricativo sonoro /ℑ/: modificações vocais

OBJETIVO: verificar as modificacoes vocais apos a utilizacao do fricativo sonoro /ž/, em dez mulheres sem alteracoes vocais/laringeas. METODOS: foram realizadas medidas acusticas, perceptivo-auditiva, eletroglotografia e auto-avaliacao da voz pre e pos-producao da tecnica. RESULTADOS: foram estatisticamente significantes: as sensacoes subjetivas positivas; a maior definicao de harmonicos e de formantes, diminuicao do ruido, e maior regularidade no tracado. CONCLUSAO: a tecnica promove estabilidade vocal, gerando menor esforco fonatorio, maior conforto durante a producao vocal e maior projecao vocal no grupo estudado.

Capacidade vital e tempos máximos de fonação de /e/ áfono e de /s/ em mulheres adultas

PURPOSE: to check the relation among the values of vital capacity (CV), maximum phonation times (MPT) of closed voiceless /e/ (/ė/) and of /s/ and height in adult normal women. METHOD: 48 females, between 18 and 44 years, with no intervening factors in measures of interest (smoking, sport practicing, singing, lung disorder, articulation disorder) collected their measures of VC, MPT/ė/ and MPT/s/, three times each, and the highest produced values for each variable were selected for analysis, beyond the self-reported height. All four variables were compared. Spearmans correlation coefficient was used to check the relationship; Wilcoxon test for related samples was used to compare MPT/s/ and MPT/ė/, such as the coefficient of variation calculation, in order to compare their homogeneity. RESULTS: positive significant correlation between: VC and MPT/s/ (r=0.326; P=0.024); VC and MPT/ė/ (r=0.379; P=0.008); MPT/s/ and MPT/ė/ (r=0.360; P=0.012); and VC and height (r=0.432; P=0.002); not presenting significant correlation between height and MPT. MPT/s/ significantly higher than MPT/ė/. MPT/ė/ of the sample (10.43s) significantly lower than reference values (P<0.001). In the homogeneity of MPT, its variation coefficients were very close: 35.60% (MPT/s/) and 39.11% (MPT/ė/), respectively. CONCLUSION: there was positive significant correlation between VC and MPT and among the MPT themselves, and VC and height. There was no correlation between height and MPT. Values of MPT/ė/ were significantly lower than MPT/s/, due to the absence of articulatory control, allowing for an accurate assessment of the respiratory level control.RESUMOObjetivo: verificar a relacao entre capacidade vital (CV), tempos maximos de fonacao de /e/ fechado emitido de forma afona (TMF/ė/) e de /s/ (TMF/s/) e estatura em mulheres adultas. Metodo: 48 indi-viduos do sexo feminino, entre 18 e 44 anos, com ausencia de fatores intervenientes nas medidas de interesse (tabagistas, atletas, cantores, alteracoes pulmonares, articulatorias), tiveram suas medidas de CV, TMF/ė/ e TMF/s/ coletadas, tres vezes cada, selecionando-se o maior valor obtido para cada variavel, alem da estatura auto-referida. Os valores das quatro variaveis do grupo foram comparados entre si por meio de analise estatistica. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlacao de Spearman para verificar sua relacao; o teste de Wilcoxon para amostras relacionadas para comparar os TMF/s/ e TMF/ė/, alem do calculo do coeficiente de variacao para comparar a homogeneidade dessas vari-aveis. Resultados: correlacao positiva significante entre: CV e TMF/s/ (r=0,326; P=0,024); CV e TMF/ė/ (r=0,379; P=0,008); TMF/s/ e TMF/ė/ (r=0,360; P=0,012); e CV e estatura (r=0,432; P=0,002). TMF/s/ significantemente maior do que TMF/ė/. TMF/ė/ da amostra (10,43s) significantemente menor que os valores de referencia (P<0,001). Na homogeneidade dos TMF, seus coeficientes de variacao foram muito proximos: 35,60% (TMF/s/) e 39,11% (TMF/ė/). Conclusao: verificou-se correlacao posi-tiva entre CV e os TMF, entre os TMF entre si, e entre CV e estatura. Nao houve correlacao signifi -. Nao houve correlacao signifi -ao houve correlacao signifi-cante entre estatura e os TMF. Os valores dos TMF/ė/ foram significantemente menores que TMF/s/, devido a ausencia de controle articulatorio, permitindo uma avaliacao adequada do controle do nivel respiratorio.DESCRITORES: Capacidade Vital; Fonacao; Voz; Avaliacao em SaudePURPOSE: to check the vital capacity (VC) and the maximum time values of phonation (MTP) as for the voiceless /e/ (represented by /e/) and the /s/ in adult women, comparing it with the proposed normality pattern. METHOD: collecting VC, MTP/e/, MTP/s/ values and self-reported stature of 48 women between 18 and 44-year old, normal condition according to otorhinolaryngological, myofunctional, vocal, breathing and hearing ratings. We applied descriptive statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilk normality test and calculated the coefficient variation; we adopted a 5% significance level. RESULTS: mean values: 3.206ml as for VC, 17.49s as for MTP/s/ and 1.65m as for height, with normal distribution, MTP/e/ did not have a normal distribution and whose 10.43s average was significantly lower than the literature values (P<0.001). However, MTP/e/ showed quite close medium and median values (10.43 and 10.25s) and coefficient variation very similar to the MTP/s/. CONCLUSION: for the analyzed group, we found medium VC and MTP values compatible with those reported in the literature. and medium MTP/e/ values below those proposed in the literature. The average values of MTP/e/ were found to be below the one proposed by the existing theoretical framework, showing the need for more similar studies - to investigate the field of measuring MTP/ė/ - in order to set up the normal range according to gender and more scientific data on what appears to be the most suitable for the separate evaluation of respiratory control during emission.

Relação entre capacidade vital, tempos máximos de fonação de /e/ emitido de forma áfona, de /s/ e estatura em mulheres adultas

PURPOSE: to check the relation among the values of vital capacity (CV), maximum phonation times (MPT) of closed voiceless /e/ (/ė/) and of /s/ and height in adult normal women. METHOD: 48 females, between 18 and 44 years, with no intervening factors in measures of interest (smoking, sport practicing, singing, lung disorder, articulation disorder) collected their measures of VC, MPT/ė/ and MPT/s/, three times each, and the highest produced values for each variable were selected for analysis, beyond the self-reported height. All four variables were compared. Spearmans correlation coefficient was used to check the relationship; Wilcoxon test for related samples was used to compare MPT/s/ and MPT/ė/, such as the coefficient of variation calculation, in order to compare their homogeneity. RESULTS: positive significant correlation between: VC and MPT/s/ (r=0.326; P=0.024); VC and MPT/ė/ (r=0.379; P=0.008); MPT/s/ and MPT/ė/ (r=0.360; P=0.012); and VC and height (r=0.432; P=0.002); not presenting significant correlation between height and MPT. MPT/s/ significantly higher than MPT/ė/. MPT/ė/ of the sample (10.43s) significantly lower than reference values (P<0.001). In the homogeneity of MPT, its variation coefficients were very close: 35.60% (MPT/s/) and 39.11% (MPT/ė/), respectively. CONCLUSION: there was positive significant correlation between VC and MPT and among the MPT themselves, and VC and height. There was no correlation between height and MPT. Values of MPT/ė/ were significantly lower than MPT/s/, due to the absence of articulatory control, allowing for an accurate assessment of the respiratory level control.RESUMOObjetivo: verificar a relacao entre capacidade vital (CV), tempos maximos de fonacao de /e/ fechado emitido de forma afona (TMF/ė/) e de /s/ (TMF/s/) e estatura em mulheres adultas. Metodo: 48 indi-viduos do sexo feminino, entre 18 e 44 anos, com ausencia de fatores intervenientes nas medidas de interesse (tabagistas, atletas, cantores, alteracoes pulmonares, articulatorias), tiveram suas medidas de CV, TMF/ė/ e TMF/s/ coletadas, tres vezes cada, selecionando-se o maior valor obtido para cada variavel, alem da estatura auto-referida. Os valores das quatro variaveis do grupo foram comparados entre si por meio de analise estatistica. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlacao de Spearman para verificar sua relacao; o teste de Wilcoxon para amostras relacionadas para comparar os TMF/s/ e TMF/ė/, alem do calculo do coeficiente de variacao para comparar a homogeneidade dessas vari-aveis. Resultados: correlacao positiva significante entre: CV e TMF/s/ (r=0,326; P=0,024); CV e TMF/ė/ (r=0,379; P=0,008); TMF/s/ e TMF/ė/ (r=0,360; P=0,012); e CV e estatura (r=0,432; P=0,002). TMF/s/ significantemente maior do que TMF/ė/. TMF/ė/ da amostra (10,43s) significantemente menor que os valores de referencia (P<0,001). Na homogeneidade dos TMF, seus coeficientes de variacao foram muito proximos: 35,60% (TMF/s/) e 39,11% (TMF/ė/). Conclusao: verificou-se correlacao posi-tiva entre CV e os TMF, entre os TMF entre si, e entre CV e estatura. Nao houve correlacao signifi -. Nao houve correlacao signifi -ao houve correlacao signifi-cante entre estatura e os TMF. Os valores dos TMF/ė/ foram significantemente menores que TMF/s/, devido a ausencia de controle articulatorio, permitindo uma avaliacao adequada do controle do nivel respiratorio.DESCRITORES: Capacidade Vital; Fonacao; Voz; Avaliacao em SaudePURPOSE: to check the vital capacity (VC) and the maximum time values of phonation (MTP) as for the voiceless /e/ (represented by /e/) and the /s/ in adult women, comparing it with the proposed normality pattern. METHOD: collecting VC, MTP/e/, MTP/s/ values and self-reported stature of 48 women between 18 and 44-year old, normal condition according to otorhinolaryngological, myofunctional, vocal, breathing and hearing ratings. We applied descriptive statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilk normality test and calculated the coefficient variation; we adopted a 5% significance level. RESULTS: mean values: 3.206ml as for VC, 17.49s as for MTP/s/ and 1.65m as for height, with normal distribution, MTP/e/ did not have a normal distribution and whose 10.43s average was significantly lower than the literature values (P<0.001). However, MTP/e/ showed quite close medium and median values (10.43 and 10.25s) and coefficient variation very similar to the MTP/s/. CONCLUSION: for the analyzed group, we found medium VC and MTP values compatible with those reported in the literature. and medium MTP/e/ values below those proposed in the literature. The average values of MTP/e/ were found to be below the one proposed by the existing theoretical framework, showing the need for more similar studies - to investigate the field of measuring MTP/ė/ - in order to set up the normal range according to gender and more scientific data on what appears to be the most suitable for the separate evaluation of respiratory control during emission.

Condição auditiva de frentistas

OBJETIVO: avaliar os limiares auditivos nas frequencias convencionais e altas frequencias, e ainda a integridade do arco reflexo, em frentistas. METODO: foram avaliados frentistas de tres postos de gasolina da cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Apos adequacao aos criterios de inclusao, a amostra ficou composta por 24 frentistas expostos a combustiveis, 21 do genero masculino e tres do genero feminino, com faixa etaria entre 20 e 40 anos. Os exames utilizados foram audiometria tonal liminar, audiometria de altas frequencias e imitanciometria. O tempo de exposicao variou de um a 17 anos. O grupo controle foi composto por 24 sujeitos nao expostos a qualquer agente nocivo a audicao. RESULTADOS: a media dos limiares da audiometria tonal liminar e da audiometria de altas frequencias foi superior no grupo estudo em todas as frequencias testadas. Verificou-se diferenca de limiar estatisticamente significante nas frequencias de 0,5 (p=0,004), 2 (p=0,001) e 3 kHz (p=0,025), e nas frequencias de 9 (p=0,007) e 10 kHz (p=0,026). Os limiares das frequencias de 12,5 e 14 kHz nao diferiram estatisticamente (p>0,05). Em 16, 18 e 20 kHz foi observada maior ausencia de respostas no grupo estudo (p>0,05). Tambem se observou maior ausencia de reflexos acusticos (ipsi e contralateral) no grupo estudo, na orelha direita. Na orelha esquerda, nao houve diferenca entre os grupos, para a ocorrencia do reflexo ipsilateral. A ausencia de reflexo contralateral foi maior no grupo estudo em todas as frequencias testadas. CONCLUSAO: frentistas com limiares auditivos normais podem apresentar alteracoes cocleares e centrais.

Auditory brainstem response in gas station attendants

Ototoxicity of organic solvents can affect the hearing system up to the cochlea level and the central structures of hearing. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the neurophysiological integrity of the hearing system in subjects exposed to fuels using ABR. METHOD: Prospective study. We evaluated attendants from three gas stations in Santa Maria/RS. The sample had 21 subjects, who were evaluated by auditory brainstem response. RESULTS: We found an alteration in the absolute latencies of Waves I and III and in all the interpeak latencies, in the right ear. In the left ear there was a change in the absolute latencies of all Waves, and in all the interpeak intervals. A change in the interaural difference of Wave V was found in 19% of the individuals. In the group exposed for more than five years, there were subjects with a statistically significant changes: in the I-V interpeak of the right ear; in the absolute latency of Wave I and in the III-V interpeak of the left year. CONCLUSION: Exposure to fuels can cause alterations in the central hearing system.UNLABELLED Ototoxicity of organic solvents can affect the hearing system up to the cochlea level and the central structures of hearing. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the neurophysiological integrity of the hearing system in subjects exposed to fuels using ABR. METHOD Prospective study. We evaluated attendants from three gas stations in Santa Maria/RS. The sample had 21 subjects, who were evaluated by auditory brainstem response. RESULTS We found an alteration in the absolute latencies of Waves I and III and in all the interpeak latencies, in the right ear. In the left ear there was a change in the absolute latencies of all Waves, and in all the interpeak intervals. A change in the interaural difference of Wave V was found in 19% of the individuals. In the group exposed for more than five years, there were subjects with a statistically significant changes: in the I-V interpeak of the right ear; in the absolute latency of Wave I and in the III-V interpeak of the left year. CONCLUSION Exposure to fuels can cause alterations in the central hearing system.

Potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico em frentistas

Ototoxicity of organic solvents can affect the hearing system up to the cochlea level and the central structures of hearing. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the neurophysiological integrity of the hearing system in subjects exposed to fuels using ABR. METHOD: Prospective study. We evaluated attendants from three gas stations in Santa Maria/RS. The sample had 21 subjects, who were evaluated by auditory brainstem response. RESULTS: We found an alteration in the absolute latencies of Waves I and III and in all the interpeak latencies, in the right ear. In the left ear there was a change in the absolute latencies of all Waves, and in all the interpeak intervals. A change in the interaural difference of Wave V was found in 19% of the individuals. In the group exposed for more than five years, there were subjects with a statistically significant changes: in the I-V interpeak of the right ear; in the absolute latency of Wave I and in the III-V interpeak of the left year. CONCLUSION: Exposure to fuels can cause alterations in the central hearing system.UNLABELLED Ototoxicity of organic solvents can affect the hearing system up to the cochlea level and the central structures of hearing. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the neurophysiological integrity of the hearing system in subjects exposed to fuels using ABR. METHOD Prospective study. We evaluated attendants from three gas stations in Santa Maria/RS. The sample had 21 subjects, who were evaluated by auditory brainstem response. RESULTS We found an alteration in the absolute latencies of Waves I and III and in all the interpeak latencies, in the right ear. In the left ear there was a change in the absolute latencies of all Waves, and in all the interpeak intervals. A change in the interaural difference of Wave V was found in 19% of the individuals. In the group exposed for more than five years, there were subjects with a statistically significant changes: in the I-V interpeak of the right ear; in the absolute latency of Wave I and in the III-V interpeak of the left year. CONCLUSION Exposure to fuels can cause alterations in the central hearing system.

Condição coclear e do sistema olivococlear medial de frentistas de postos de gasolina expostos a solventes orgânicos

Introduction: Organic solvents have been increasingly studied due to its ototoxic action. Objective: Evaluate the conditions of outer hair cells and olivocochlear system in individuals exposed to organic solvents. Method: This is a prospective study. 78 gas station attendants exposed to organic solvents had been evaluated from three gas stations from Santa Maria city, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). After applying the inclusion criteria, the sample was constituted by 24 individuals. The procedures used on the evaluation were audiological anamnesis, Transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAES) and research for the suppressive effect of TEOAES. A group control (GC) compounded by 23 individuals was compared to individuals exposed and non-exposed individuals. The data collection has been done in the room of Speech Therapy of Workers Health Reference Center of Santa Maria. Results: The TEOAES presence was major in the left ear in both groups; the average relation of TEOAES signal/noise in both ears was greater in GE; the TEOAES suppressive effect in the right ear was higher in the individual of GE (62,5%) and in the left ear was superior in GC (86,96%), with statistically significant difference. The median sign/noise ratio of TEOAES, according to the frequency range, it was higher in GC in three frequencies ranges in the right ear and one in the left ear. Conclusion: It was not found signs of alteration on the outer hair cells neither on the olivocochlear medial system in the individuals exposed to organic solvents.INTRODUCTION: Organic solvents have been increasingly studied due to its ototoxic action. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the conditions of outer hair cells and olivocochlear system in individuals exposed to organic solvents. METHOD: This is a prospective study. 78 gas station attendants exposed to organic solvents had been evaluated from three gas stations from Santa Maria city, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). After applying the inclusion criteria, the sample was constituted by 24 individuals. The procedures used on the evaluation were audiological anamnesis, Transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAES) and research for the suppressive effect of TEOAES. A group control (GC) compounded by 23 individuals was compared to individuals exposed and non-exposed individuals. The data collection has been done in the room of Speech Therapy of Workers Health Reference Center of Santa Maria. RESULTS: The TEOAES presence was major in the left ear in both groups; the average relation of TEOAES signal/noise in both ears was greater in GE; the TEOAES suppressive effect in the right ear was higher in the individual of GE (62,5%) and in the left ear was superior in GC (86,96%), with statistically significant difference. The median sign/noise ratio of TEOAES, according to the frequency range, it was higher in GC in three frequencies ranges in the right ear and one in the left ear. CONCLUSION: It was not found signs of alteration on the outer hair cells neither on the olivocochlear medial system in the individuals exposed to organic solvents.

Hidratação vocal em profissionais e futuros profissionais da voz

Purpose: to characterize and to relate the quantity and hydration status, the voice use time and the dryness of complaints of professionals and future voice professionals. Methods: cross-sectional study, non-experimental, retrospective and quantitative, using database. There were analyzed records of 105 subjects of both genders, professionals and / or students future voice professionals at the age between 19:0-42:6 years. There were used data about age, profession, gender, quantity and hydration status, voice use time and dryness of complaints. There were used: Hypothesis test for Proportion, Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: significant frequency of available water in the workplace and voice use less than eight hours. The intake of less than seven glasses of water daily was percentage higher than the intake of more than seven cups. There are significant associations between intake less water quantity and use the voice for less time and between having water at work and intake more than seven glasses of water every day. There was not significance in relation to dryness complaint. Conclusion: most of the voice professionals and future professionals used it for less than eight hours and had water available at work. Those who intake less than seven glasses of water daily a present daily time vocal use less than eight hours and those who drank more than seven cups of water a day had water available at work.

Cochlear condition and olivocochlear system of gas station attendants exposed to organic solvents

Introduction: Organic solvents have been increasingly studied due to its ototoxic action. Objective: Evaluate the conditions of outer hair cells and olivocochlear system in individuals exposed to organic solvents. Method: This is a prospective study. 78 gas station attendants exposed to organic solvents had been evaluated from three gas stations from Santa Maria city, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). After applying the inclusion criteria, the sample was constituted by 24 individuals. The procedures used on the evaluation were audiological anamnesis, Transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAES) and research for the suppressive effect of TEOAES. A group control (GC) compounded by 23 individuals was compared to individuals exposed and non-exposed individuals. The data collection has been done in the room of Speech Therapy of Workers Health Reference Center of Santa Maria. Results: The TEOAES presence was major in the left ear in both groups; the average relation of TEOAES signal/noise in both ears was greater in GE; the TEOAES suppressive effect in the right ear was higher in the individual of GE (62,5%) and in the left ear was superior in GC (86,96%), with statistically significant difference. The median sign/noise ratio of TEOAES, according to the frequency range, it was higher in GC in three frequencies ranges in the right ear and one in the left ear. Conclusion: It was not found signs of alteration on the outer hair cells neither on the olivocochlear medial system in the individuals exposed to organic solvents.INTRODUCTION: Organic solvents have been increasingly studied due to its ototoxic action. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the conditions of outer hair cells and olivocochlear system in individuals exposed to organic solvents. METHOD: This is a prospective study. 78 gas station attendants exposed to organic solvents had been evaluated from three gas stations from Santa Maria city, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). After applying the inclusion criteria, the sample was constituted by 24 individuals. The procedures used on the evaluation were audiological anamnesis, Transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAES) and research for the suppressive effect of TEOAES. A group control (GC) compounded by 23 individuals was compared to individuals exposed and non-exposed individuals. The data collection has been done in the room of Speech Therapy of Workers Health Reference Center of Santa Maria. RESULTS: The TEOAES presence was major in the left ear in both groups; the average relation of TEOAES signal/noise in both ears was greater in GE; the TEOAES suppressive effect in the right ear was higher in the individual of GE (62,5%) and in the left ear was superior in GC (86,96%), with statistically significant difference. The median sign/noise ratio of TEOAES, according to the frequency range, it was higher in GC in three frequencies ranges in the right ear and one in the left ear. CONCLUSION: It was not found signs of alteration on the outer hair cells neither on the olivocochlear medial system in the individuals exposed to organic solvents.