Márcia Helena da Silva Melo

O julgamento de pares de crianças com dificuldades interativas após um modelo ampliado de intervenção

The literature on social competence has demonstrated that rejection by peers during childhood is a factor of influence in the development of antisocial behaviors. The present study aimed to measure the effectiveness of an extended clinical intervention model, involving parents, teachers and peers of children with interaction difficulties. The intervention was developed at a public

Fenótipo comportamental de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Prader-Willi

Objective: To identify the main characteristics of the behavioral phenotype of children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome. Methods: Eleven children and adolescents with clinical and cytogenetic-molecular diagnosis of Prader-Willi syn- drome were studied. Data collection was obtained by the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18). Bi- variate correlations were used to test the association between the analyzed variables, being significant p<0.05. Results: The behavioral profile obtained was consid - ered as clinical in different scales of the CBCL/6-18 tool. A behavioral pattern with high frequency of aggression, rule breaking and opposition was observed. Statistically significant correlations between attention and social prob - lems and between thought problems and breaking rules were identified.

Sociometric effects on rejection of children in grade 2 given a multifocal intervention involving teachers, parents, and children in one Brazilian school.

Current literature favors developing social competence in childhood, especially preventing peer rejection. This study presents the effects of a preventive multifocal intervention at one Brazilian elementary school. Participants were second graders (N = 255), their teachers (n = 7), and 13 caregivers. Teachers referred 52 children to overcome interaction problems. Baseline and postintervention sociometric assessment assigned every second grader to one of five social status groups (rejected, neglected, median, popular, and controversial). Trained teachers developed an education program with second graders. A psychologist treated 13 referred children and caregivers (Cognitive Behavioral Child Therapy+Parent Training). The referred group of 13 at baseline showed a significantly higher percentage of rejection and fewer popular children. The nonreferred group postprogram showed no significant change on rejection, however, referred treated groups showed a higher percentage of popular children whereas the control group showed a higher percentage of rejected children

Age and gender changes in children and adolescent patients of a Brazilian eating disorder program

ABSTRACT Background: International studies have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of boys and a decrease of patients’ age at the beginning of outpatient treatment for eating disorders (ED). Objective: To evaluate if these changes are also present in the Brazilian population participating in the PROTAD, a Brazilian ED program, and to discuss its clinical implication for treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We evaluated 150 medical records of patients under 18 years diagnosed with ED (DSM IV-TR). Patients were divided into two groups: G1 (2001-2007) (n = 77) and G2 (2008-2014) (n = 73). The girl/boy proportion and the mean age of patients were compared. Results: In G1, six boys (7.8%) were admitted (girl/boy proportion: 11.8:1), while in G2, 16 (22%) boys were admitted (girl/boy proportion: 3.5:1) (p 0.05). Discussion: The increase in the number of boys treated for EDs reported in international studies was also found at the PROTAD. Contrary to what has been reported in international studies, the mean age of patients at the PROTAD did not decrease significantly. Gender and sexual orientation issues, clinical presentation, prior overweight history and culture/media impact on boys should be addressed by the healthcare team to increase the therapeutic efficacy.

Evidence-based psychotherapy for treatment of anorexia nervosa in children and adolescents: systematic review

Background: Efficacy studies on the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) in childhood and adolescence are scarce and systematic reviews are almost non-existent. Objective: Systematic review of the literature regarding the modalities of psychological intervention based on evidence used in the treatment of AN in childhood and adolescence. Methods: The research was carried out in the databases: PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane, using the combined keywords: anorexia nervosa and evidence-based therapy. Articles published between 1990 and 2015 were assessed. Results: Of the 139 eligible articles, 14 were selected, of which 10 (71.4%) were conducted in the United States and England. The sample ranged from 9 to 167 participants. Randomized Clinical Trial represented the most frequent design (n = 9; 63.4%), with more than half of the interventions structured in 20 or more sessions (n = 9, 64.3%). Nine types of treatments were tested, with the most tested being Family-Based Treatment (FBT) (n = 7; 50%). Interventions involving the family seem to be more effective, however, the rates for complete remission are modest. Discussion: Although evidence of efficacy was verified in the treatments analyzed, the limited number of studies, the various methodological limitations and the methodological heterogeneity between studies make the findings inconclusive.

Rejeição e vitimização por pares em crianças com Deficiência Intelectual e Transtorno do Espectro Autista

Children with special educational needs, such as Intellectual Disability (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), are increasingly participating in regular classes. Despite the relevance of this inclusion, these children may face difficulties as rejection and victimization by peers. Through a literature review, this work aimed to identify the prevalence, impact and factors associated with rejection and victimization among children with DI and TEA. The search was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Lilacs and Scielo, using the keywords: rejection by peers, peer victimization, intellectual disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder , children with disabilities and special needs. We identified 196 articles, of which 32 met the inclusion criteria. We verified high prevalence of victimization and rejection among children with special educational needs, regardless of age. Deficits in social skills and executive functions, inattentive and hyperactive behavior and internalizing problems were associated with difficulties in relationships with peers in this population. These indicators should be included in prevention and/or treatment programs to enable the proper inclusion of children with special educational needs in regular classrooms.