Márcio Antônio Salvato

Uma análise do capital humano sobre o nível de renda dos estados brasileiros: MRW versus Mincer

O capital humano, a produtividade e o capital fisico sao considerados os principais fatores na determinacao do PIB per capita das economias. Conforme a abordagem neoclassica, a acumulacao de capital humano explica praticamente um terco da variacao do rendimento per capita entre os paises. No entanto, ainda persistem discussoes sobre as formas em que esse fator afeta o PIB per capita. O objetivo do presente estudo e comparar duas formas funcionais da funcao de producao para os Estados brasileiros: as propostas por Solow (1956) e por Mincer (1974). Tambem foram feitas estimacoes do retorno marginal da educacao, alem da realizacao de uma analise da importância do capital humano na determinacao do PIB per capita utilizando diferentes metodos de estimacao, no periodo 1980-2002. Os resultados rejeitaram a especificacao neoclassica com inclusao do capital humano em favor da minceriana. Adicionalmente, o retorno marginal estimado da educacao foi de 15%, e os resultados empiricos sustentam a teoria de que o capital humano e um dos principais fatores na determinacao do nivel de renda.

A Relação entre Confiança e Custos de Transação em Relacionamentos Interorganizacionais

Based on the assumption that trust is a mechanism of relational governance, which can influence the costs associated with the formation, development and maintenance of interorganizational relationships, in this article one aims to test the relation between trust and transaction costs in these relationships. Based on the literature on trust and on transaction costs, one puts forward four new hypotheses, which suggest a negative relation between trust and costs of information, of negotiation, of implementation and of monitoring in interorganizational relationships. These hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis in a quantitative case study where the buyer is illustrated by an automaker and its suppliers are represented by a sample of the major ones. The results suggest that there are significant, yet negative relations between trust and costs of negotiation and of monitoring. The relations between trust and costs of information and of implementation, in turn, are not statistically significant. We believe that these results represent a more-fined grained understanding of the relation between trust and transaction costs in interorganizational relationships to the degree that it is suggested that the four types of transaction costs are not perfectly correlated.

Instituições e nível de renda: Uma abordagem empírica para os municípios paranaenses

Municipalities in the state of Parana show a great disparity in income levels. The difference between the municipalities with the highest and lowest GDP per worker at the beginning of this millennium was greater than 700%, according to IBGE (2000) data. A possible explanation for these disparities is provided by institutional theory. Many empirical studies in this field have found a high correlation between institutional quality and economic development. The theory suggests that institutions affect the income level by means of the distribution of political power, the generation of economic opportunities, stimulus for innovation and accumulation of human capital, in addition to other ways. With this scenario in mind, the objective of this study is to measure the quality of institutions in the municipalities of Parana State and evaluate the effect they have on their respective income levels.

RELAÇÕES DE CAUSALIDADE NO PADRÃO DE CRESCIMENTO INDUSTRIAL NO BRASIL (1975-2003)

The main purpose of this paper was to identify the time preceding relations in the industrial production during 1975-2003, by the means of Granger causality tests. To that end, we have adopted the classification by categories of primary use (intermediate, consumer non-durable, consumer durable and capital goods). Specifically, we aimed to verify whether the distinct outcomes for the leadership and lagging relations that were a sharp characteristic of the Brazilian “miracle” have persisted. While the slowdown in the demand for consumer durables dragged the other sectors, the accumulation and production in the capital goods industry were finally growing. That was interpreted as a dynamic realization or effective demand problem. The main results of the present investigation emerged from a vector error correction model (VEC) and indicated that the production in the capital goods industry have lagged the movements in the consumer durables in the period, reproducing to a large extent the pattern observed during the growth “miracle”. Thus, conspicuous consumption seemed to drive industry and the economy as whole through growing spasms.