Marco Tulio Antonio García-Zapata

Why the Use of Adenoviruses as Water Quality Virologic Marker

Adenovirus is the virus that contains the highest amount of features favorable to its use as a virologic marker for water quality. Those pathogens are resistant on the environment, abundant, easily detected by molecular methods and are of great importance in public health.

Human pseudomyiasis caused by Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Goiás

The objective of the present work was to register the first proven cases of human pseudomyiasis due to Eristalis tenax in Goiás State, Brazil, underscoring their clinical manifestations and direct relationship with hygiene. The taxonomic identification of the instars was done according to the descriptions and keys presented by James (1947), Hartley (1961) and Guimarães & Papavero (1999). Two cases were observed. In both cases there was no evidence of apparent mental disturbance. The clinical picture of these cases was self limited. The water supply, sewer system, socioeconomic level and habits of the suspect species of the flies are criteria that should be investigated.

Molecular Detection of Adenoviruses in Lakes and Rivers of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

Adenoviruses are a highly important public health issue, since they are among the most persistent and ubiquitous viruses present in water and associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to use molecular techniques for the detection of adenovirus in public and recreational water supplies in Goiânia, Brazil. From December 2007 to November 2008, 54 water samples were collected in 5 different sites in 2 lakes and 2 rivers of the city. The samples were filtered in a positively charged nylon membrane, and the DNA was extracted using the phenol–chloroform–isoamyl alcohol method. Semi-nested PCR was used to detect adenovirus DNA, and sequence analysis of the semi-nested PCR products was performed to identify the recovered viruses. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 43% (24 of 54) of samples collected. Considering all examined sites, MP1 presented the highest occurrence of adenovirus (6 positive from 10 collected samples), followed by MP2 (3 positive from 6 collected samples), JL (10 positive from 21 collected samples), VB (3 positive from 9 collected samples), and BB (2 positive from 8 collected samples), respectively. The methodology employed proved to be feasible, fast, low-cost, and suitable to be used as screening approach on adenovirus detection in water for public sanitation companies.

Infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis e Neisseria gonorrhoeae: fatores associados à infertilidade em mulheres atendidas em um serviço público de reprodução humana

PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women undergoing assisted reproduction in a public reference service in the midwestern region of Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 340 women aged from 20 to 47 years with a history of infertility, undergoing assisted reproduction techniques. Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae identified in urine specimens by PCR, and the profile of infertility were analyzed. We used the χ(2) test or Fishers exact test to evaluate the association between infection and variables. RESULTS The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was 10.9%, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae co-infection was observed in 2 cases. Women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis had more than 10 years of infertility (54.1%; p<0.0001). The tubal factor was the main cause in infected cases (56.8%; p=0.047). Tubal occlusion was found in 67.6% of cases with positive infection (p=0.004). CONCLUSION There was an association of tubal obstruction with infection by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, reinforcing the need for effective strategies for an early detection of sexually transmitted diseases, especially in asymptomatic women of childbearing age.

Diagnóstico laboratorial de enteroparasitoses oportunistas, com ênfase nas microsporidioses humanas, em Goiânia-GO

Microsporidia are emergent and opportunistic protozoa that are responsible for diseases with high morbidity and mortality, especially among individuals with immune disorders. This study had the aim of determining the clinical-laboratory profile of these agents. In total, 723 patients were evaluated, divided into two groups: I) Immunosuppressed/immunodepressed individuals; II) Apparently immunocompetent individuals. After obtaining free informed consent, these patients were interviewed and gave fecal samples. These samples were all subjected to the HPJ, Rugai and Faust techniques and to specific staining for Coccidia and Microsporidia. The frequency of Microsporidia was 1.3% (5/393) in group I, whereas it was a quarter of this in group II. The occurrence of other opportunistic intestinal parasites was also greater in group I. It was concluded, firstly, that these agents are present in our environment and, secondly, that there is a need to improve the clinical and laboratory diagnosis, in order to define the geographic distribution of these agents in the State of Goiás and throughout Brazil.

Uso e ocupação do solo e a disseminação da hantavirose na região de São Sebastião, Distrito Federal: 2004 - 2008

INTRODUCTION Hantavirosis has worldwide distribution and is an important public health problem. The epidemiology of hantavirosis in Brazil shows that the number of cases notified and the number of variants discovered in several states and the Federal District have been increasing year by year. Within this context, the main objective of this study was to examine land use and occupation in relation to the spread of hantavirosis in the Federal District, between 2004 and 2008. METHODS To carry out this investigation, epidemiological and land use data were used to drafting tables and cartograms in order to detail the special spread of hantavirosis in this area. RESULTS Out of the 40 likely infection sites plotted on the coverage and land use map, 19 (47%) were in pasture areas, 10 (25%) in urban areas (periurban), 6 (15%) in areas used for agriculture and 5 (12%) in savanna areas. CONCLUSIONS It can thus be seen that agricultural activities and urban expansion towards the savanna areas have favored the spread of hantavirosis in the Federal District and especially in São Sebastião.

Diagnóstico laboratorial dos protozoários entéricos oportunistas em Goiânia, GO

Criptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, cyclosporiasis and microsporidiosis have become common in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis of these diseases is important, because although they produce similar clinical pictures, they have a different therapeutic approach and prognostic. Seeking to evaluate the situation of the diagnosis of these parasites, the laboratories of the SUS network and health centers of the district of Goiânia-GO were mapped.Cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, cyclosporiasis and microsporídiosis have become common in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis of these diseases is important, because although they produce similar clinical pictures, they have a different therapeutic approach and prognostic. Seeking to evaluate the situation of the diagnosis of these parasites, the laboratories of the SUS network and health centers of the district of Goiânia-GO were mapped.

Identificação de áreas de estratificação epidemiológica no foco de oncocercose na região Yanomami, Roraima, Brasil

In this paper, aimed at suitable planning, analysis, and follow-up of treatment, control, and eradication in a human onchocerciasis program, were studied 27 geographic areas and examined 3,974 inhabitants. Four epidemiological areas with different prevalences were identified and stratified.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à voz de professores: uma revisão sistemática exploratória da literatura

The objective of this study was to verify, through a systematic revision of literature, the existents studies on quality of life concerning to the voice of professors. It was accepted articles of the Education Resources Information Center ( ERIC ,) LILACS, PUBMED Central (PMC) and SCIELO in Portuguese, English or Spanish, using the uniterms “quality of life’ and ‘voice’, without determination about the period of publication. The articles had been enclosed in accordance with standardized formularies. The initial search resulted in 315 articles. For articles selection were previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria applied and the Relevance Tests I and II. Articles were included according to standardized forms. The initial search resulted in 315 articles. The analysis process involved reading of headings, abstracts and complete texts; and only 13 articles had filled the inclusion criterion, involving studies of quality of life concerning to the voice of professors of the diverse levels of education (infantile, basic, average and superior) of public and private schools. The quality of life in voice was the most widely used instrument with teachers, and the physical domain of instrument was the one which impacted in a negative way in the quality of life concerning to the voice, considering speaking loud in noisy environments and the air finishes fast and needs to breathe many times while speaks. It had certain difficulty at the moment of the analyses of the articles, since that it had not presented similar standardization of techniques and criterion. There is the necessity of increasing the studies of quality of life concerning to the voice of the professor in the different levels of education and types of schools.

Behaviour and recovery of human adenovirus from tropical sediment under simulated conditions.

This study assessed the contributions of pH and organic matter (OM) on the recovery of infectious human adenovirus 5 (HAdV-5) and genome copies (GCs) in waters that were artificially contaminated with tropical soil. The use of a mathematical equation was proposed based on the flocculation index of clay to assess the recovery of total GCs in these controlled assays. The results suggest that solids in the water reduced the viral genome copy loads per millilitre (GC · mL(-1)) and viral infectivity. OM did not influence the GC · mL(-1) recovery rate (p > 0.05) but led to a 99% (2 log10) reduction in plaque-forming unit counts per millilitre (PFU/mL), which indicates that infectivity and gene integrity were non-related parameters. Our findings also suggest that acidic pH levels hinder viral inactivation and that clay is the main factor responsible for the interactions of HAdV-5 with soil. These findings may be useful for future eco-epidemiological investigations and studies of viral inactivation or even as parameters for future research into water quality analysis and water treatment.