Marcônio Martins Rodrigues

Goat milk production and quality on Tanzania-grass pastures, with supplementation

It was evaluated the production and quality of milk produced by goats grazing Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzania (Guineagrass) and receiving four levels of concentrate supplementation. Eight Anglo Nubian goats, aged between two and four years, 43.6 kg in average body weight and between the 2 and 4 lactation were distributed into two 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design. The supplementation levels were: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight. The concentrate was composed of corn and soybean meal. The intake of dry matter and nutrients, and the daily production of milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose and total solids had increased (p < 0.05) with supplementation, whereas fat and total solids percentage were reduced (p < 0.05). The concentrate supplementation up to 1.5% of live weight in Tanzania-grass pasture raises the intake of dry matter and nutrients, resulting in a linear increase in milk production and of its components.

Grazing behavior and ingestive goats in silvopastoral system

RESUMO - Foi avaliado o efeito das diferentes idades de rebrotacao da Leucaena leucocephala, associada a gramineas forrageiras sobre o consumo de forragem e o comportamento de caprinos em sistema silvipastoril. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com tres tratamentos e cinco repeticoes. Avaliou-se tres idades de rebrotacao da leucena 45; 60 e 75 dias, com cinco dias de ocupacao. O estrato herbaceo foi manejado com idades de 30 dias de rebrotacao; foram utilizadas femeas mesticas da raca Anglonubiana, cujo comportamento em pastejo foi observado a cada dez minutos, das 8h as 17h. Durante as atividades realizadas pelos animais como ruminacao, ocio, deslocamento e pastejo, identificou-se qual a fonte de alimento, se leucena ou estrato herbaceo. A cada duas horas foram aferidas taxa de bocados, levando em consideracao o tempo gasto pelos animais para a realizacao de 20 apreensoes. Para a avaliacao do consumo foi realizado um teste de pastejo em tres dias de ocupacao do piquete. O tempo de pastejo foi a atividade mais executada pelos animais com 7,34h e nao diferiu significativamente (P>0,05) entre as idades de rebrotacao, seguido pelos tempos de deslocamento (1,36h), ruminacao (0,51h), e ocio (0,39h). Nao houve diferenca significativa (P>0,05) para a taxa de bocados, massa de forragem total, taxa de ingestao, e consumo diario. O manejo das idades de rebrotacao da leucena em sistema silvipastoril contribui de forma satisfatoria para a producao de forragem de leucena e de gramineas forrageiras e nao interfere no comportamento em pastejo e ingestivo de caprinos. As gramineas constituem-se no componente de maior preferencia da dieta dos caprinos no sistema silvipastoril: leucena-gramineas forrageiras. Palavras-chave: Caprinos. Leucena (Leucaena Leucocephala). Nutricao animal.

Estrutura e valor nutritivo de pastos de capins Tanzânia e Marandu aos 22 e 36 dias de rebrota para ovinos

This research was conducted during the rainy season in the goats sector of the Department of Animal Science of Federal University of Piaui with the objective to evaluate the morphology and nutritive value of sward for sheep in pastures of Marandu and Tanzania at 22 and 36 days of growth. It were evaluated the herbage mass, sward height, percentage of leaf, stem and dead material, the chemical composition, digestibility and forage intake by sheep. The occurrence of dry spells during the regrowth period of 36 days, resulted in lower growth of plants, with no difference between ages for herbage mass, sward height and percentage of leaves. The extension of the growing season resulted in increased proportion of dead material in pasture, decrease in nutritional value of forage, with a reduction in crude protein content and digestibility and increased in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. Forage intake was similar among the grasses, whereas at 36 days of regrowth nutrient intake would be sufficient only for maintenance and the extension of regrowth period of 22 to 36 days leads to a reduction in forage intake by sheep due to a drop in forage quality, much of its nutritional value as the sward structure.

Forage intake and performance of cattle in silvo-pastoral systems and monoculture of Marandu in Pre-Amazon region

This work aimed to evaluate dry matter intake (DMI) and performance of F1 Nellore x Guzera with live weight (LW) of 180±15 kg (5 months) on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in silvo-pastoral systems composed of babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) and monoculture systems in Pre-Amazonic region of Maranhão state, Brazil. Animals were evaluated in four systems: 0, 80, 131 and 160 adult palms ha -1 , characterizing monoculture (MC), low density (LD), average density (AD) and high density palm trees (HD), respectively, during the rainy (RS) and dry season (DS). Comparing seasons, only DMI in MC and AD were affected. DMI was between 2.6% LW for the RS and 2.8% LW for the DS, These values are very close as suggested by NRC, which is 2.7% LW for animals in this category. Higher average daily gain per ha was observed in animals kept in pastures with LD (0.750 g.day -1 and 84.37 kg.ha -1 , respectively). It was observed that animal performance was influenced by density of palm trees and the DMI by season, probably by the sward structure. Animal performance and production forage biomass were higher in 0 and 80 palm systems. This greater forage biomass allow higher stocking rate and, consequently higher animal production per ha.

Agronomic and nutritional characteristics of Massai grass subjected to deferred grazing and nitrogen fertilization

This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and nutritional value of Massai grass (Megathyrsus maximus ‘Massai’) pastures fertilized with different nitrogen levels and subjected to deferred grazing. A completely randomized experimental design (CRD) was adopted, with including five nitrogen levels (zero, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha−1), and five replications (plots). The degradability trial used a CRD including a 6 × 5 factorial arrangement, consisting of six rumen-incubation times (6, 24, 48, 60, 84, and 96 h) and five levels of nitrogen in different plots. One fistulated sheep, with a live weight of 60 kg, was used in the experiment. Total herbage biomass, dead herbage biomass, and height showed a quadratic response to nitrogen fertilization levels of 100 to 200 kg ha-1 resulted in greater tillering. Protein and dry matter content increased linearly with nitrogen fertilization level, leading to increase in fibrous components. The increase in NDF and ADF contents might be a consequence of the reduction in NCE, and the high flowering rate of the grass, owing likely to the reduction in metabolism of the grass in an attempt to extend its lifetime. Nitrogen levels of 300 kg ha−1 or higher affected the productive characteristics positively, whereas the chemical characteristics were negatively affected.

Produção de Forragem e Comportamento de Caprinos em Pasto de Capim-Tanzânia Manejado em Diferentes Intensidades de Pastejo

O comportamento dos animais em pastejo e fundamental para entender as relacoes plantaanimal, podendo ser alterado por caracteristicas estruturais do pasto, como a altura. Assim, este trabalho foi desenvolvido para avaliar a influencia da altura (30, 50, 70 e 90 cm) do capim-tanzânia sobre a producao de forragem e o comportamento de cabras anglonubianas. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com duas repeticoes no espaco e duas no tempo. Para avaliacao da massa de forragem, coletaram-se quatro amostras de 0,5 m² por piquete e as observacoes do comportamento foram realizadas das 7 as 17 h, a cada dez minutos, registrando-se as atividades desempenhadas pelas cabras. O teor de materia seca do capim-tanzânia aumentou com a altura, acompanhado pelo aumento na massa de forragem e massa seca de folhas, refletindo efeito da altura sobre a producao de forragem. Os tempos de ruminacao e deslocamento foram pequenos em todos os tratamentos. Nao houve diferencas (P>0,05) entre os tempos de pastejo aos 30, 70 e 90 cm, sendo o menor (P<0,05) registrado aos 50 cm, quando os animais se locomoviam facilmente no pasto, realizando com facilidade os processos de manipulacao dos bocados, indicando ser esta a melhor altura de capim-tanzânia para manejo de caprinos adultos. DOI: 10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v14n2p125-128

Comportamento de Ovinos em Sistema Silvipastoril com Cajueiro

Avaliou-se o comportamento de ovinos Santa Ines na fase de terminacao em sistema silvipastoril de capim-massai com cajueiro com ou sem estilosantes Campo Grande. Foi avaliada a massa de forragem, estrutura do pasto e os tempos de pastejo, ruminacao, ocio, deslocamento, taxa de bocado dos animais e a frequencia com que cada especie foi pastejada. Apesar da maior massa de forragem total no pasto com estilosantes, massa de folhas verdes, incluindo a leguminosa, nao diferiu entre os tratamentos. A presenca da leguminosa modificou a estrutura do dossel, com elevacao da altura e da proporcao de colmo. O tempo de pastejo e a taxa de bocado nao diferiram entre os tratamentos, uma vez que a oferta de folhas verdes foi semelhante entre os tratamentos (6,32% do PV). Apesar de no pasto com estilosantes a leguminosa contribuir com 23,43% da composicao botânica, a reduzida relacao folha:haste (0,37) nao foi suficiente para influenciar no comportamento dos animais. Em sistema silvipastortil com cajueiro, apesar de provocar modificacoes na estrutura do capim-massai, a presenca de estilosantes Campo Grande em 23% do pasto nao e suficiente para modificar o comportamento de pastejo de ovinos em terminacao. DOI: 10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v14n1p1-4

Produção e qualidade do leite de cabras em pasto cultivado de capim-Tanzânia suplementadas com concentrado

It was evaluated the production and quality of milk produced by goats grazing Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzania (Guineagrass) and receiving four levels of concentrate supplementation. Eight Anglo Nubian goats, aged between two and four years, 43.6 kg in average body weight and between the 2 and 4 lactation were distributed into two 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design. The supplementation levels were: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight. The concentrate was composed of corn and soybean meal. The intake of dry matter and nutrients, and the daily production of milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose and total solids had increased (p < 0.05) with supplementation, whereas fat and total solids percentage were reduced (p < 0.05). The concentrate supplementation up to 1.5% of live weight in Tanzania-grass pasture raises the intake of dry matter and nutrients, resulting in a linear increase in milk production and of its components.

Goat milk production and quality on Tanzania-grass pastures, with supplementation - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v34i4.14339

It was evaluated the production and quality of milk produced by goats grazing Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzania (Guineagrass) and receiving four levels of concentrate supplementation. Eight Anglo Nubian goats, aged between two and four years, 43.6 kg in average body weight and between the 2 and 4 lactation were distributed into two 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design. The supplementation levels were: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight. The concentrate was composed of corn and soybean meal. The intake of dry matter and nutrients, and the daily production of milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose and total solids had increased (p < 0.05) with supplementation, whereas fat and total solids percentage were reduced (p < 0.05). The concentrate supplementation up to 1.5% of live weight in Tanzania-grass pasture raises the intake of dry matter and nutrients, resulting in a linear increase in milk production and of its components.

Consumo e Digestibilidadade da Silagem de Capim-Elefante com Adição de Vagens de Bordão-de-Velho

Avaliou-se o consumo e a digestibilidade da MS e de nutrientes da silagem de capim-elefante cv. Roxo com adicao de vagens de bordao-de-velho. Utilizou-se cinco caprinos em gaiolas metabolicas que receberam apenas silagem de capim-elefante com 30% de inclusao de vagens de bordao-de-velho mais sal mineral e agua ad libitum. Os animais permaneceram sete dias em adaptacao e cinco dias em coleta de amostras da silagem, sobras e fezes, foram realizadas durante cinco dias. Os consumos de MS, MO, PB, FDN, FDA e NDT foram, respectivamente, 235,66, 221,85, 24,18, 112,27, 66,18 e 141,34 g/dia. A digestibilidade da MS, MO, PB, FDN, FDA e CNF foram 65,64, 66,51, 60,33, 52,71, 48,59 e 90,14%, respectivamente. A adicao de 30% de vagens de bordao-de-velho a silagem de capim-elefante cv. Roxo resulta em baixo consumo e elevada digestibilidade da MS e de nutrientes. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v12n2p180-183