Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Rogério

Resíduo agroindustrial da carnaúba como fonte de volumoso para a terminação de ovinos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ammonization with different levels of urea and the use of soybean grains as a urease source, for the improving of the chemical composition of carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) agroindustrial residue (BC). The levels of urea were 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% in relation to the percentage of total dry matter of BC and the levels of toasted soybean grains were 0 and 20%. Evaluations were also made for forage intake and performance of confined sheep subjected to diets with increasing levels of replacement of Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp.) hay (FT) by BC: 100% FT, 25% BC plus 75% FT, 50% BC plus 50% FT, 75% BC plus 25% FT, and 100% BC. Thirty crossbred 80-day old weaned sheep with 17 kg initial average weight were used. Crude protein in the forage increased with the increasing doses of urea. Increases were also observed for neutral detergent fiber and cellulose contents and reductions were observed for roughage digestibility. The highest daily intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract and neutral detergent fiber were observed in animals fed only FT. Animal performance decreased with increase of BC in the diet.

Desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de ovinos em confinamento alimentados com rações contendo torta de mamona destoxificada em substituição ao farelo de soja

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of four substitution levels (0; 33; 67 and 100%) of soybean meal by detoxified castor cake on performance and carcass characteristics of 20 non-castrated male crossbred Morada Nova lambs, with mean body weight of 18.7 kg, in a randomized blocks design with four treatments and five replicates. Performance, carcass weight, carcass yield and relative composition of the commercial cuts were evaluated. The substitution levels of soybean meal by detoxified castor cake had no effect on final live weight or total weight gain in feedlot, but it caused decreasing linear effect on average daily gain and feed conversion ratio was observed. There was no effect of the substitution levels of soybean meal by detoxified castor cake on final body weight, live weight at fasting, empty body weight, hot carcass weight or cold carcass weight. The hot carcass yield was affected by substitution levels; the same behavior was observed for cold carcass yield. Rib weight and yield and shoulders yield had linear decrease of substitution levels of soybean meal by detoxified castor cake, whereas weight and yield of other regions did not present any effect for the substitution levels. Detoxified castor cake can be utilized in levels of up to 67% in substitution of the soybean meal in sheep diets.

Efeito do genótipo sobre a produção e a composição do leite de cabras mestiças

O potencial de producao de trinta e cinco cabras mesticas - 12 ½Pardo-alpina + ½Moxoto (½PA-M), 11¾ Pardo-alpina + ¼Moxoto (¾PA-M) e 12 Tricross (½Anglo-nubiana + ¼Pardo-alpina + ¼Moxoto) - foi avaliado em um experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Caprinos. Os cabritos foram separados das respectivas maes ao nascimento. As cabras foram ordenhadas duas vezes ao dia e o controle leiteiro procedido semanalmente. Os animais foram confinados em baias coletivas e receberam dieta para producao de 2,5 kg de leite/dia, composta de silagem de sorgo ad libitum e concentrado. Os animais foram pesados em intervalos de 14 dias. A producao de leite, como coletada, nao foi influenciada pelo genotipo. No entanto, quando foi corrigida para 4% de gordura, o genotipo ½ PA-M foi superior aos ¾ PA-M e Tricross. Nao houve diferenca significativa entre genotipos para gordura, proteina e extrato seco total do leite.

Fluxo de biomassa em capim-tanzânia sob lotação rotativa com quatro níveis de suplementação concentrada

Avaliou-se o fluxo de biomassa em capim-tanzânia sob lotacao rotativa com quatro niveis de suplementacao concentrada, com periodo de ocupacao de tres dias e descanso de 21 dias, em delineamento de parcelas subdivididas, de modo que as parcelas foram os niveis de suplementacao (0,0; 0,6; 1,2 e 1,8% do PV) e as subparcelas, os ciclos de pastejo (quatro), com tres repeticoes (piquetes amostrais). Nao houve efeito dos niveis de suplementacao e dos ciclos de pastejo sobre a relacao entre as taxas de lâmina foliar (TAlF) das folhas 1 e 2 recentemente expandidas, com media de 0,69. A suplementacao e os ciclos de pastejo tiveram efeito quadratico sobre a taxa de alongamento foliar, cujas estimativas foram de 5,04; 4,95 (ponto de minimo estimado) e 5,7 cm/perfilho·dia nos niveis de 0,0; 0,46 e 1,8% de suplementacao, respectivamente. A taxa de alongamento das hastes e a altura do pseudocolmo nao foram afetadas pelos niveis de suplementacao. As taxas de senescencia foliar anterior, posterior e total nao foram afetadas pelos niveis de suplementacao nem pelos ciclos de pastejo. Nao houve efeito dos niveis de suplementacao nem dos ciclos de pastejo sobre o filocrono. A taxa de crescimento da cultura e a taxa de acumulo da cultura nao foram afetadas pelos niveis de suplementacao nem pelos ciclos de pastejo. O indice de area foliar residual foi estimado em 2,00 e de 2,72 nos niveis de suplementacao de 0,0 e 1,8% PV. Nao houve diferenca na densidade populacional de perfilhos entre os niveis de suplementacao, porem, entre ciclos, observou-se que o ciclo 4 foi superior ao 2 e semelhante aos demais. Os componentes do fluxo de biomassa do capim-tanzânia sao pouco afetados pelos niveis de suplementacao.

Pre- and post-grazing biomass components of tanzania grass under intermittent stocking with four concentrate supplementation levels

This research evaluated the canopy structure of tanzania grass under intermittent stocking with four concentrate supplementation levels (SL) (0.0; 0.6; 1.2 and, 1.8% of live weight), in a split plot design, with SL being plots and grazing cycles (GC) subplots, with four replicates. Total herbage dry mass (MSFT), death herbage dry mass (MSFM), green herbage dry mass (MSFV), green leaf blade dry mass (MSLV), green stem dry mass (MSCV), canopy height (ALT); number of live leaf per tiller (F/P), leaf/stem (F/C) and live/death material (MV/MM) ratios, pre- and post-grazing, as well as the tiller populational density (DPP) pre-grazing and residual leaf area index (IAFres) were determined. Considering pre-grazing biomass components, it was not observed significative effects between SL and GC to F/P, MSFM, MSFV, MV/MM, MSLV and, MSCV. For canopy height, it was observed difference between cycle 4 compared to others. The MSFT was affected by SL, where the sheeps supplemented with 0.6% LW was similar to the ones supplemented with 0.0 and 1.8% LW levels, however at the 0.6% LW level, MSFT was greater than 1.2% LW. There were no effects of SL and cycles on MSFTres and MSFMres. It was not observed differences among 0.0, 0.6 and 1.8% SL on MSFTres and MSFMres, however the 0.6% SL (LW) was greater than 1.2% SL (LW). There was a squared effect of SL on MSFVres, however, there was no observed effect of cycles. It was not observed effect of SL and GC on the MV/MMres relation. It was observed a squared effect of SL on the MSLVres and IAFres. There was a squared effect of SL on the MSCVres. The addition of SL caused increase in F/Cres. It was not observed effect of SL on DPP. The SL did not affect the pasture regrowth vigor, because of the maintenance of biomass components in accepted levels.

Goat milk production and quality on Tanzania-grass pastures, with supplementation

It was evaluated the production and quality of milk produced by goats grazing Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzania (Guineagrass) and receiving four levels of concentrate supplementation. Eight Anglo Nubian goats, aged between two and four years, 43.6 kg in average body weight and between the 2 and 4 lactation were distributed into two 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design. The supplementation levels were: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight. The concentrate was composed of corn and soybean meal. The intake of dry matter and nutrients, and the daily production of milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose and total solids had increased (p < 0.05) with supplementation, whereas fat and total solids percentage were reduced (p < 0.05). The concentrate supplementation up to 1.5% of live weight in Tanzania-grass pasture raises the intake of dry matter and nutrients, resulting in a linear increase in milk production and of its components.

Ingestive behavior of sheeps fed with diets containing anatto seeds

Evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion of annatto seeds replacing concentrate feed (corn and soybean meal) and roughage (hay of native pasture from Caatinga) on feeding behavior of sheep. Twenty male undefined breed sheep and castrated were distributed in a completely randomized design into four treatments (five animals per treatment), with the inclusion of annatto seeds in the diets at levels of 0%, 10%, 23% and 35%, in dry matter basis. The animals were submitted to visual observation in order to acess their ingestive behavior, were observed every five minutes, during 24 hours, to determine time spent on feeding, rumination and idleness. The behavioral events of the sheeps evaluated were time for feeding (TAL), time for rumination (TRUM) and time of idleness (TOCIO). The ruminating chews of the sheeps was determined, thus estimating the number of chews and quantity of ruminated boli per unit of time, the average number of defecation and urination, and frequency of water intake were also determined Data were analyzed using SAS® software and the Tukey test to comparison of means. Polynomial and orthogonal contrasts were made for data that showed significance. The inclusion of annatto seeds did not influence the parameters of feeding behavior and neither nictemerals patterns. The replacement of fiber Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal Brazilian Journal of Hygiene and Animal Sanity ISSN: 1981-2965 I

Produção e qualidade do leite de cabras em pasto cultivado de capim-Tanzânia suplementadas com concentrado

It was evaluated the production and quality of milk produced by goats grazing Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzania (Guineagrass) and receiving four levels of concentrate supplementation. Eight Anglo Nubian goats, aged between two and four years, 43.6 kg in average body weight and between the 2 and 4 lactation were distributed into two 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design. The supplementation levels were: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight. The concentrate was composed of corn and soybean meal. The intake of dry matter and nutrients, and the daily production of milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose and total solids had increased (p < 0.05) with supplementation, whereas fat and total solids percentage were reduced (p < 0.05). The concentrate supplementation up to 1.5% of live weight in Tanzania-grass pasture raises the intake of dry matter and nutrients, resulting in a linear increase in milk production and of its components.