Marcos A. Couto dos Santos

Anisotropy of the spectroscopic, optical and thermo-mechanical properties of Li 6 Eu 1-x Gd x (BO 3 ) 3 crystals optimized for heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers

Optical, spectroscopic and thermo-mechanical properties of monoclinic Li6Eu1-xGdx(BO3)3 (x = 0,0.25,0.35) bulk single crystals, grown to be used in the design of heat-scintillation cryogenic bolometers (HSCBs), were investigated. The linear thermal expansion was determined along the a, b, c and c* directions over the temperature range 303–873 K, and its tensor principal coefficients were calculated for both x = 0.25 and x = 0. In addition, the anisotropic thermal conductivity was measured over the temperature range 20-400 K in Li6Eu0.75Gd0.25(BO3)3 (LGEB7, x = 0.25), and the principal components of its tensor at 300 K were established. Spectroscopic properties such as polarized absorption, polarized emission, Raman spectroscopy and optical refractive indices are also reported for the first time. Based on the polarized emission spectra, the line and oscillator strengths, the radiative lifetimes and fluorescent branching ratios were obtained. The intensity parameters Ωλ (λ = 2,4) were obtained and then predicted via the Judd–Ofelt theory. The crystal field parameters and the 7F1 level splitting were discussed using the simple overlap model (SOM) and the method of equivalent nearest neighbours (MENN). The 613 nm emission originates from the 5D0→7F2 transition and the associated stimulated emission peak cross section reaches its maximum value in π-polarization, ≈1.07 × 10−20 cm2 in LGEB7. The thermo-mechanical characterizations and spectroscopic analysis in LGEB7 suggest that this crystal has better optical properties than the Eu3+-doped Li6Y(BO3)3 crystals. However, its potential for solid-state laser applications is still quite speculative, unless a clever thermo-mechanical management of the crystal under laser operation is designed.

Computer modelling of mixed metal fluorides for optical applications

This paper describes a new computational method for predicting the optical behaviour of doped inorganic materials. There is considerable interest in using inorganic materials in photonic devices, and in many cases, the optical properties of these materials depend on doping by ions such as those from the rare earth series. Among the inorganic materials of interest are the mixed metal fluorides (e.g. BaLiF(3), BaY(2)F(8), YLiF(4), LiCaAlF(6), LiSrAlF(6)), doped with trivalent rare earth ions. The paper describes the use of Mott-Littleton calculations to determine the optimum location for dopant ions, followed by crystal field calculations which make direct use of the output of the Mott-Littleton calculations to calculate the optical properties of the dopant ion taking into account its symmetry and the positions of the surrounding ions, including any vacancies or interstitial ions present by virtue of charge compensation. It is then possible to predict whether a given dopant ion at a particular site in a material will have favourable optical properties.