Marcos José Perdoná

Zoneamento agroclimático de nogueira-macadâmia para o Brasil

The macadamia nut has a growing market with great potential, but still little explored in Brazil. The regional climate and soil conditions have extreme importance to crop sustainability exerting great influence on phenology, quality and productivity. The aim of this study was to make the agroclimatical zoning of macadamia nut to Brazil. For this purpose, information about the relationship of climate requirements and plant development were used to establish classes of capability and subsequent mapping of suitable, marginal and unsuitable regions for nut production. Mean air temperature and precipitation data from 1073 Brazilian weather stations were used. Each station had at least 30 years of data. As a result Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo, southern Minas Gerais, eastern Mato Grosso do Sul, and west of Parana had favorable conditions for macadamia nuts cultivation.

Crescimento e produtividade de nogueira-macadâmia em consórcio com cafeeiro arábica irrigado

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia) cultivars in an intercropped system with irrigated coffee (Coffea arabica). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with ten replicates. Six macadamia cultivars, from which three Brazilian (IAC 4-12B, IAC 4-20, and IAC 9-20) and three Hawaiian (HAES 344, HAES 660, and HAES 816) ones were used. In the first four years of production, evaluations were done for: plant height, canopy and stem diameter, number of nuts per plant, nut average weight, almond medium weight, nut production per plant, recovery rate, and almond production per plant. The Brazilian cultivars, especially IAC 4-20, showed a lower height, but with a larger canopy diameter. The Brazilian cultivars are more productive, among which IAC 4-12B is outstanding.

Nutrição e produtividade da nogueira-macadâmia em função de doses de nitrogênio

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia de doses de nitrogenio na nutricao mineral e na produtividade da nogueira-macadâmia (Macadamia integrifolia). O experimento foi conduzido durante tres anos agricolas, em Jaboticabal, SP. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes. Foram avaliadas cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1 por ano), aplicadas na forma de ureia. O aumento nas doses de N aumentou o teor do nutriente nas folhas e a produtividade de nozes e amendoas. Os teores de Ca, Mg e S diminuiram e os de Fe e Mg aumentaram linearmente com a adubacao nitrogenada. A produtividade de nozes e de amendoas correlacionou-se positivamente com o teor de N nas folhas, e a faixa de 14 a 18 g kg-1 foi a que possibilitou as maiores produtividades. A dose de 150 kg ha-1 de N por ano proporciona maior produtividade de noz, sem reduzir a taxa de recuperacao de amendoas.

Irrigação e certificação da cafeicultura na Região Centro-Oeste de São Paulo

An unsatisfactory profitability has led to the gradual decline of the coffee plantations in Sao Paulo. Among the alternatives that arise for solving this problem, two stand out: the irrigation of crops and certification of properties. Even in areas considered suitable for cultivation of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.), the use of irrigation can promote an increase in grain yield. In addition, the product certification promotes their differentiation in the market and can improve the economic results of the activity. This study aimed to evaluate the development and productivity of coffee crops subjected to irrigation or not, comparing economic data in the marketing of coffee certified or not, under the conditions of the mid-west region of Sao Paulo state. The field experimental design was in randomized blocks with two treatments (with and without drip irrigation) and ten repetitions. The costs of production and profitability by selling the final product were calculated. The irrigation increased the development and productivity of coffee. The return on investment took place after the third harvest. Irrigation combined with the sale of certified coffee provided financial balance 1,192% higher than the coffee is not irrigated and non-certified.

Adição de torta de mamona em substratos na aclimatação de mudas micropropagadas de bananeira

ABSTRACT: The use of micropropagated banana tree seedlings offer genetic and phytosanitary qualities, favoring the development, installation and uniformity of the yield and it is very important for the commercial exploration of banana fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of castor oil plant pie added to the substrate in the acclimatization of micropropagated banana plantlets cv. ‘Willians’. It was used a completely randomized design, with 10 treatments, being 2 substrates and 5 dosages of castor oil plant pie (0; 6; 12; 18 and 24 g for each recipient). The substrate Vivatto Slim Plus® showed the best development of the plants in the acclimatization processes. Dosages above 12 g of castor oil plant pie for each plant mixed to the substrate are not recommended in the acclimatization of banana tree seedlings.Index terms: Musa sp., micropropagation, banana. INTRODUCAO A instalacao de um bananal comercial a partir de mudas de boa qualidade e fundamental para al-tas produtividades, longevidade e lucratividade do empreendimento (FURLANETO et al., 2007). As mudas micropropagadas de bananeira necessitam de um periodo de aclimatizacao em viveiros, onde permanecem em recipientes com substratos ate atingirem o porte ideal para o transplantio no campo (NOMURA et al., 2009). Varios tipos de substratos podem ser utiliza-dos no processo de aclimatizacao das mudas, desde que apresentem caracteristicas fisicas, quimicas e biologicas que proporcionem o rapido crescimento vegetativo (YAMANISHI et al., 2004). De acordo com Silva et al. (2001), substra-tos compostos por palha ou casca de arroz carboniza-das, casca curtida de eucalipto ou pinus, vermiculita, areia e turfa sao indicados para a aclimatizacao de mudas. Atualmente, substratos comerciais, acresci-dos de fontes de nutrientes minerais ou orgânicas, sao amplamente utilizados. A torta de mamona e um residuo produzido durante o processo de extracao de oleo das sementes da planta. Estima-se que cada tonelada de semente de mamona processada produza cerca de 530 kg de torta de mamona (SEVERINO et al., 2005). Este subpro-duto da producao de biodiesel de mamona apresenta relacao C/N de 11:1 (KIEHL, 1985), com elevado teor de nitrogenio, podendo ser utilizado como fonte de nutrientes quando misturado ao substrato.

Abortamento de frutos da nogueira macadâmia sob influência da adubação mineral

A nogueira macadâmia (Macadamia integrifolia) apresenta elevada taxa de abortamento de frutos. A nutricao desequilibrada pode ser um dos fatores que contribui para isso. Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar a influencia de doses de N e do parcelamento da adubacao NPK, de cobertura, na reducao do abortamento de frutos da nogueira macadâmia. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos, durante tres anos agricolas, num Latossolo Vermelho, em Jaboticabal, Estado de Sao Paulo. O primeiro experimento foi constituido por cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1 ano-1) e quatro repeticoes. O segundo experimento foi constituido por quatro formas de parcelamento da adubacao NPK (T1: outubro T2: outubro + dezembro, T3: outubro + dezembro + fevereiro e T4: outubro+dezembro + fevereiro + abril) e cinco repeticoes. A maior parte dos frutos (77,7 %) foi abortada no inicio de seu desenvolvimento. A aplicacao de N, bem como o parcelamento da adubacao NPK de cobertura, pelo menos em duas vezes (outubro e dezembro), nao alteraram o numero de frutos abortados por planta de macadâmia, mas, por aumentarem o numero total de frutos emitidos e reduzirem a percentagem de abortamento, proporcionaram maior produtividade de nozes.

Nutrição e produtividade da nogueira-macadâmia em razão do parcelamento da adubação mineral

Nutrient availability during the year can affect the performance of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia). However, there is no information about this crop responses to split application of fertilizer under Brazilian conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of splitting the application of chemical fertilizers on the nutrition, yield, and quality of nuts of the macadamia nut tree. The experiment was conducted over three growing seasons on an Oxisol in Jaboticabal, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. The NPK fertilization treatments were T1 - a single application in October; T2 - two applications, in October and December; T3 - three applications in October, December, and February; and T4 - four applications, in October, December, February, and April. Split application of a chemical source of NPK fertilizer resulted in higher N concentration in the leaves than single application, but it did not affect the concentration of other nutrients. The nut yield was increased when NPK application was split into two, three, or four times from October to April, as compared to single application in October. The recovery rate of nut kernels was not affected by splitting the application of NPK fertilizer.

FATORES ECOLÓGICOS E O CULTIVO DA NOGUEIRA-MACADÂMIA

Ecological factors may be the cause of low productivity in the cultivation of macadamia in state of Sao Paulo. This study aimed to gather information on the ecophysiology of this walnut, identify the difficulties for its expansion in the state and provide offer alternatives that provide better yields. Among the topics discussed are: climatic conditions of the center of origin of the plant, its morphological characteristics, phenology, environmental interactions, locations with suitability for cultivation, intercropping and irrigation.

UREIA REVESTIDA POR POLÍMEROS E A ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA DO CAFEEIRO (Coffea arabica L.)

Coffee is one of the most economically important crops in the world. Considering the high yield potential of the plant, the crop yield can be increased, since the various problems noted in adequate supply of nutrients. In conditions where coffee is grown in Brazil, nitrogen is the element that most limits

EFFECT OF PINUS BARK SUBSTRATE POROSITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SURINAM CHERRY PLANT AND UVAIA PLANT SEEDLINGS

RESUMO: Apesar de nativas do estado de São Paulo, estas frutíferas, são desprezadas e cortadas de seu habitat natural, mesmo na reserva legal, o que está provocando seu desaparecimento. Objetivando-se avaliar o efeito da porosidade em substratos de casca de pinus na produção de mudas de pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) e uvaieira (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess) foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram assim definidos: 100% casca de pinus moído sem separação de partículas; 100% casca de pinus ≤ 0,1 mm; 75% casca de pinus ≤ 0,1 mm + 25% entre 0,1 4,0 mm; 50% casca de pinus ≤ 0,1 mm + 50% entre 0,1 4,0 mm; 25% casca de pinus ≤ 0,1 mm + 75% entre 0,1 4,0 mm e 100% casca de pinus 0,1-0,4 mm. As avaliações (diâmetro do caule, comprimento total e média de massa seca das plântulas) ocorreram aos 90, 120 e 150 dias após a semeadura. Os resultados indicaram que substratos com Espaço Poroso Total (EPT) superior a 90,0%, com mais de 75% de partículas menores de 0,1mm não são indicados para a produção de mudas de pitangueira; no caso da uvaieira, devem ser utilizados substratos com EPT inferior a 85%, desde que as partículas pequenas (≤ 0,1 mm) não ultrapassem 25% do total.