Keigo Minami

Envelhecimento acelerado em sementes de rúcula (Eruca sativa L.)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the methodology of the accelerated aging test to evaluate the physiological quality of salad rocket (Eruca sativa L.) seeds, cv. Cultivada. Five lots of salad rocket seeds were tested for germination, seedling emergence, speed germination and emergence rates and accelerated aging (periods of 48, 72 and 96 hours, at 41 and 45oC, with or without the use of saturated solution of NaCl). Accelerated aging (with and without salt) ranked different vigor levels among seeds lots, and among the protocols studied, the period of 48h at 41oC, with the use of water or the saturated solution of NaCl, was considered appropriate to assess the physiological quality of salad rocket seeds, cv. Cultivada.

Melhoramento do maracujazeiro-amarelo: obtenção do cultivar 'COMPOSTO IAC-27'

In order to obtain an acceptable yellow passion-fruit cultivar, productive and uniform in fruit quality, this research was carried out at Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, from 1995 to 1997. The behavior of eight hybrids was studied. Vegetative growth, flower types, flowering and fruiting, yield, fruit quality (including fruit weight, fruit size, pulp, internal color, average seed number/fruit), total soluble solids (TSS) and commercial patterns were analysed. The best passion fruit cultivars were IAC-3, IAC-5 and IAC-7 hybrids, preseting curved-thread flowers (above 93%), yield of approximately 47 ton ha-1, oval and compact fruits, and an orange-intense pulp color; the average fruit weight was 170 g to 218 g, TSS varied between 15 and 16°Brix, equivalent to 51% of the pulp, with 400 seeds per fruit. Their fruits were rated in the two superior classes of the Brazilian fresh fruit market, being more than 8.8 cm long and 7.3 cm wide. Results indicated that these hybrids attend the Sao Paulo market exigence. They became the COMPOSTO IAC-27 cultivar.

Métodos de avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de brócolos

The work was carried out to compare methods of evaluation of broccoli seed physiological quality, including tests of germination, seedling emergence, accelerated aging (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at 42°C) and electrical conductivity (0.5, 2, 4, 12 and 24 hours of imbibition at 25°C with 25, 50 and 75 ml of water). The tests of germination, seedling emergence and electrical conductivity (imbibition for 24 h with 25 ml of water) agreed in discriminating the vigour of seed lots. A acelerated aging at 42°C for 48 hours can also be used to distinguish vigour among seed lots.

EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO SOBRE A PRODUÇÃO EM RABANETE

The effect of different inter and intra-row spacing in radish, Raphanus sativus L., cv. Early Scarlet Globe, was evaluated, from September, 2nd to October 10th, 94 at the experimental area of the Horticulture Department, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz- Universidade de Sao Paulo (ESALQ-USP), in Piracicaba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Three inter-row spacings (15, 20 and 25 cm) were combined with two intra-row spacings (5 and 10 cm), and four replications, each plot with 1.5 m2, in a randomized complete block design. The number of plants, the root and shoot yield (per plot and per plant), as well as the root/shoot yield ratio were evaluated. It was observed that the inter-row spacings did not affect any of the analised variables. On the other hand, the largest intra-row spacing (10 cm) increased root yield and reduced the total shoot yield, resulting in a higher root/shoot yield ratio, indicating a better production of root per unit of shoot.

Métodos de produção de mudas, distribuição de matéria seca e produtividade de plantas beterraba

ABSTRACT Seedlings production and yield of beet plants Different methods of beet seedling production were evaluatedby distributing dry matter on the plants. The experimental designwas of randomized blocks with four replications and six treatments:T1 - seedlings produced in trays of 288 cells (1.2 x 10 -5 m 3 ); T2 -200 cells (1.6 x 10 -5 m 3 ); T3 - 128 cells (3.2 x 10 -5 m 3 ); T4 - 128 cells(7.2 x 10 -5 m 3 ); T5 - direct sowing and T6 - bare-root seedlings. Theseedlings produced in trays and the bare-root seedlings weretransplanted to the field on the 28 th day after the sowing (DAS), withspacing of 0.20 x 0.10m. Four plants from each treatment weresampled at weekly intervals from the 28 th until the 98 th DAS. Thenumber of leaves and dry matter content of leaves, petioles, rootsand shoots were determined. Storage root fresh matter and mediumstorage root diameter were determined starting from the 77 th DAS.On the 98 th DAS 20 plants from each treatment were harvestedestimating the productivity in kg ha

Produção de mudas de alface, pepino e pimentão em substratos combinando areia, solo e Plantmax®

The effect of commercial substrate Plantmax®; and its combination with soil and sand, was evaluated according to the biological response of three vegetable crops (lettuce, cucumber and sweet pepper). The experiment was carried out in plastic tunnels, at ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba-SP, from April to June, 1996. The treatments consisted of the commercial substrate Plantmax®;, the mixture of Plantmax®; with sand, Plantmax®; with soil and the mixture of Plantmax®; with both soil and sand. Lower lettuce and cucumber seedlings emergence and faster sweet pepper seedlings emergence were observed with Plantmax®; substrate. It also resulted in bigger size of seedlings of these three different plant species. Smaller roots of these three species were observed with the mixture of Plantmax®; plus soil plus sand. Higher production of seedling dry matter in lettuce and sweet pepper was obtained with the Plantmax®; substrate. Lower cucumber seedling dry matter production was obtained with the mixture of these three substrates. The performance obtained with the mixture of Plantmax®; with soil or sand, indicates it as a viable alternative to the use of commercial substrate

SENSORIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF "KUMAGAI" GUAVAS SUBMITTED TO PASSIVE MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE IN PLASTIC PACKAGES

Guavas cv. Kumagai fruits were packed in plastic bags and stored at 10°C and 85-90% RH during 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, followed by open exposure for 3 days at 25°C and 70-80% RH to simulate commercial handling conditions. The packaging materials used were: multilayer coextruded polyolefin film with selective permeability (PSP), low density polyethylene film (LDPE), LDPE film with mineral incorporation (LDPEm) and heat-shrinkable polyolefin film (SHR). Guavas without plastic packages were used as control samples. The concentrations of O2 and CO2 in the package headspace and the sensorial characteristics of the guavas (skin color, pulp texture, off-flavor and overall quality) were evaluated. The LDPE film presented the higher gas barrier and promoted the lowest O2 level (0.1%) and the highest CO2 concentration (19%) inside the packages. Such passive modified atmosphere induced both off-flavor and abnormal ripeness. The polyolefin heat-shrinkable film provided poor modification in the package atmosphere, so the fruits exhibited fast senescence (decay). The film incorporated with mineral provided an atmosphere of 3% O2 and 4.5% CO2 inside the packages, which kept the fruit with good sensorial characteristics for 14 days. The coextruded polyolefin film provided an atmosphere of 0.5% O2 and 4.5% CO2 that was sufficient to maintain the fruit with good sensorial characteristics for 28 days.

Efeito de misturas de turfa e bagaço-de-cana sobre a produção de mudas de maracujá e tomate

Com o objetivo de estudar a viabilidade da utilizacao de turfa e de bagaco-de-cana como substrato para a producao de mudas de tomateiro Rio Grande e maracuja-amarelo realizou-se experimento, cujos tratamentos consistiram de turfa (100%), bagaco-de-cana (100%) e suas misturas em proporcoes volumetricas de 25, 5O e 75%. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 4 repeticoes. A maior quantidade de bagaco-de-cana conferiu maior porosidade e aeracao ao substrato, favorecendo a emergencia do tomateiro e desfavorecendo a do maracuja-amarelo. Para esta especie, a emergencia foi melhor nos tratamentos com maiores porcentagens de turfa, onde a retencao de agua pelo substrato foi superior. Entretanto, a utilizacao integral de cada um dos substratos nao proporcionou condicoes adequadas ao desenvolvimento de ambas as especies, resultando mudas piores. O tratamento constituido pela mistura de 50% destes materiais foi superior tanto para o maracuja como para o tomate, sendo recomendada como um bom substrato para uso horticola.

Efeito da profundidade de semeadura na emergência de plântulas de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da profundidade de semeadura na emergencia de plântulas de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), utilizou-se sementes da cultivar Tropic a profundidade de 0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; 4.5 e 5,5 cm em substrato solo e areia na proporcao de 3:1, mantendo-se constante o teor de agua do mesmo em 70% da capacidade de campo. O delineamento experimental empregado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repeticoes de 50 sementes por tratamento, quantificando-se os efeitos das profundidades atraves das determinacoes de indice e velocidade de emergencia e estande final em porcentagem. Os resultados revelaram que a profundidade de semeadura de 1,5 cm proporcionou indice de velocidade de emergencia e estande final, significativamente superiores as demais, razao por que pode ser considerada como a mais indicada a semeadura de tomate.

Evaluation of the pelletization effect on lettuce seed vigor (Lactuca sativa L.)

Sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Veronica, do tipo crespo, foram submetidas a testes de umidade, germinacao, velocidade de germinacao, envelhecimento acelerado, teste de frio, condutividade eletrica, e emergencia. Os testes de laboratorio nao evidenciaram diferencas significativas da qualidade fisiologica entre sementes peletizadas e sem paletes, exceto o teste de envelhecimento acelerado. As correlacoes entre os testes de laboratorio e a emergencia em campo nao foram significativas. A emergencia em campo foi significativamente maior nas sementes peletizadas.