Marek Kruszewski

Directions of changes of technical and tactical skills by wrestlers free style within 12 years, 1996-2008

In the research studies carried out on wrestlers, we en coun ter reference to muscle strength [7], relationship between technique used and the physique [2] or the use of motor skills tests to evaluate the state of preparedness of an athlete [10], etc. However, analysis of the structure sport contest at the current level of competitive sport is becoming an extremely important factor, often determining the final success in a sport match. A number of authors have dealt with the phenomenon of combat sports [3,4,6,9]. Nevertheless, analysis of sport contest in wrestling is an issue rarely tackled. During sport contest, the contestants execute a large num ber of tactical maneuvers, grips, counter-grips and diffe rent combinations aimed at scoring the greatest number of technical points. Successive significant changes in the wrest ling regulations have forced contestants and coaches to adapt technical and tactical measures to the demands of new combat situation. Analysis of wrestling matches in the in the 1996 Atlanta and 2008 Beijing Olympics tournaments was adopted as the main objective of research. This helped determine the dominant technical maneuvers by freestyle style wrestlers and thus determine the directions of changes in these activities.

Effects of creatine supplementation on body mass and muscle girths in bodybuilders

Effects of creatine supplementation on body mass and muscle girths in bodybuilders Study aim: To find out whether a 6-week creatine supplementation would significantly augment body mass and muscle circumferences in male bodybuilders. Material and methods: A group of 14 male bodybuilders aged 16 - 29 years were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (E) and control (C), 7 subjects each. Group E received creatine monohydrate, Group C - placebo, 10 g daily for 6 weeks without saturation phase. The experimental design was a double-blind one. All subjects were on strictly controlled diet, the daily intakes amounting to 2.3 - 2.8 g of protein, 1.0 - 1.2 g of fat and 5 - 6 g/kg body mass of carbohydrate, and 3200 - 4000 kcal. All subjects trained 3 days a week, each session lasting 120 min, in the ‘Power, Rep-Range, Shock’ mode. Chest, waist, arm, forearm, thigh and calf girths were measured in the relaxed and contracted states, together with body mass, before and after the study. Results: Significant, training-induced changes were noted in almost all body circumferences studied in both groups and muscle states, those in the chest, biceps and thigh girths being the most pronounced ones and significantly (p<0.05) greater in the experimental than in control group in the contracted muscle state. In the relaxed state the between-group differences were significant for the chest and thigh girths. The increments in body mass were significantly (p<0.01) higher in the experimental than in control group (4.3 ± 1.3 and 2.1 ± 0.7 kg, respectively). Conclusions: The observed changes may have been brought about by creatine administration.

Effect of changes in the sports regulations on the fight of taekwondo female players on the example of Beijing Olympic Tournaments 2008 and London 2012

Sports fight analysis is a common element of observation of players’ behavior during tournamen fights. It represents only a fraction of the research area, carried out by many other authors. Many researchers point to the relation between selected factors and fight results in taekwondo, they point out many factors, such as morphological [1,2,3], psychological [4], biomechanical [5,6,7,8] and physiological [9,10,11]. The dynamic development of martial arts in Western society is associated with a wide spectrum of their impact on phy sical and spiritual development. They are recommended for young people as exercise which may reduce aggression and anxiety, and improve their social behavior like respect for ethi cal standards. The fast development of the world’s Olympic Taekwondo began with the introduction this discipline to the program of the Olympic Games. In its Olympic form taekwondo fight is based on the rivalry of two players in a direct fight, relying mainly on a specific blow to the opponent. In the world the most often practiced Taekwondo dyscipline is Kyourugisports fight. In the past few years the specificity, regulations and a form of fighting has changed several times. There were created some regulations of sportsmanship, which determines all allowed body space to perform punches and blows. During the fight, the athlete performs many combinations composed of several elements such as kicks towards the head and trunk, the body punches, blocks, dodge, spinning and leaping varia tions. The refore, it was introduced to wear compulsory protectors of trunk, groin, head and limbs in order to increase the safety of players. In the fight of taekwondo competitors mainly leg techniques. The athlete improves them for many years and combines the various combinations consisting of a number of techniques; a combination of techniques on the trunk and on the head, after rebounding, after rotation, using the front leg or the back one. Implementation of a technique de pends on the length between

Trends in Technical and Tactical Modifications Among Competitors of Various Nationalities Based on Research Conducted During the 2009 World Youth Championship in Greco-Roman Style Wrestling in Turkey

Abstract Introduction. This paper discusses the relationship between the technique implemented during competition and the end result including an attempt to evaluate the technical and tactical preparation of different nationality competitors in Greco- Roman wrestling. The research was conducted during the 2009 Junior World Cup in Turkey. Material and methods. The research material included a video recording posted by the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) on their website. The material contained recordings of 240 matches. An analysis of 212 matches with competitors from 49 countries was conducted; each team selected one competitor in each weight category (up to 8 competitors in total). Results and conclusions. During the competition there was strong correlation between victory and the execution of the roll-through and the combat zone and result defence, also in the ground position. Competitors from Russia and Iran, who were most successful, winning 6 and 4 medals respectively, obtained an average of 3.18 technical points in each match. Among the sample analysed this was the lowest score, indicating the optimal use of technical and tactical skills by the competitors resulting in a victory.