Ryszard Pujszo

The course of the MMA fights as a part of KSW federation – as the examples of the heavy weight "fight of the night"

Fights in mixed martial art (MMA) require from their participants using a wide range of techniques from different kinds of fight sports. Depending on the usage of acquired and mastered techniques and the determination to achieve the success by using them, we can divide the players into: punchers (who prefer using punches) and grapplers (who prefer using holds – throws levers and choke holds). There are also the players whose fight relies on putting the opponent on the ground and punching – ground and pound. The top MMA athletes are characterized by possessing both techniques from punchers category and grapplers derived from judo, jujitsu and wrestling. Their victory fights are based on the usage of their own mastered techniques and the ability to prevent opponent’s dangerous actions. It is also based on the thorough analysis of opponents fighting style and selection of own appropriate fighting style [1,2,3,4]. The detailed analysis of their own possibilities and ways of playing fighting course, has its historical and phenomenological prototypes [5] The ground and pound style, even though very attractive for the audience, is often associated with an ordinary fight, where no elements of any previously gained technique are needed or visible. However, it needs to be remembered that the fights in mixed martial art organized by KSW and advertised by TV channels, are the typical on profit marketing product and the so called ‘fights of the night’ are used to support that kind of image [6]. There are also additional actions taken by the training staff and advertising companies who are trying to prove their players masculinity, determination and no fear for the opponent and on the other hand trying to belittle the opponent [7]. Opinions of the scientists who are concerned about moral, spiritual, pedagogical and anti-violence values of the fights are, however, censorious [8,9,10]. The aim of the article’s au thors was to examine whether so called MMA ‘fights of the night’ organized by KSW are showing the best Polish martial art champions who possess a wide range of different techniques derived from different combat sports.

MMA fighters’ technical-tactical preparation – fight analysis: a case study

1 University of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Combat Sports, Gdansk (Poland) 2 Centre for Education, Physical Culture and Sport, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz (Poland) 3 Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsow (Poland) 4 Technical University, Department of Management and Economics, Gdansk (Poland) 5 Russian State of Physical Education, Sport and Turism, Moscov, Russia

The Crampton index and the body postural control of judo competitors

The system of body postural control is the aim of intensive research [1]. One of the ways to examine it, is to analyze the human center of pressure. To the recording of the movement, trajectory devices which measure the place of the center of pressure as a posturograph or balance platform are used. It is known that many factors both interior and exterior as tiredness, nervousness, outside temperature and many others influence the system’s proper work [2,3,4,5]. It is also proved that long-lasting training with many elements disturbing the equilibrium, results in the improvement of the control of the body position [6]. The Crampton’s test is the orthostatic test determining the adaptation of blood circulation system while the changes of the body position from the recumbent to standing, taking into consideration the frequency of the heart rate and the systolic blood pressure (SBP). The change of the position from re cum bent to standing causes the dislocation of large amounts of blood to the lower parts of the body. In the physiological conditions the changes of the blood pressure and the blood capacity in the blood vessel are analyzed by bar-receptors (receptors responsible for the control of the blood pressure). Bar-receptors send the messages to the central nervous system and by that the organism gets the control over the blood pressure. It is considered that the functional state of bar-receptors and the cardiac output have a meaningful influence on the orthostatic tolerance. The reason of orthostatic disorders while the change of the body position can be both the insufficient increase of the heart rate and the insufficient increase of the systolic blood pressure (SBP), the lack of change in SBP but mainly the decrease of it [7]. Incorrect organism’s reaction can show the orthostatic hypotony evoked by the incorrect functioning of the autonomy system (the central nervous system). The ortostatic hypotony is the decrease of systolic blood pressure more than 20 mmHg (or the systolic blood pressure DBP for more than 10 mmHg) 3 minutes after verticalization. The symptoms of ortho static hypotony are, above all, headaches and disorders of the control of the body position [5]. While the examinations, it was a matter of deliberation if the long-lasting training can influence the results in orthostatic test described by the Crampton’s index (ICR) and if there is a dependence between that index and the control of the body position. Judo competitors were the examined group as the judo fight is very complex and can take place in nage waza (vertical position) and katame waza (horizontal position). The throws are divided into groups: hand throwing techniques (te waza), foot throwing techniques (ashi waza), hip throwing techniques (ko shi waza) and sacrifice techniques (sutemi waza). The grips are divided into pins or mathold (osaekomi waza), chokes or strangles (shime waza) and arm locks (kansetsu waza).