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Dive into the research topics where Margaret S. Colby is active.

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Featured researches published by Margaret S. Colby.


Current Medical Research and Opinion | 2009

Treatment approach and HbA1c control among US adults with type 2 diabetes: NHANES 1999-2004

Allison Hedley Dodd; Margaret S. Colby; Kristina S. Boye; Cheryl Fahlman; Sunny Kim; Ronette Briefel

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the distribution of diabetic medications among adults with type 2 diabetes, and the association between glucose control and treatment approach in the US population. Methods: Interview and prescription medication data from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to determine the treatment approach for US adults with type 2 diabetes. Mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the proportion of adults meeting recommended guidelines for glucose control were estimated for each treatment approach. The most important study limitation was that participants were not asked what type of diabetes they had. Among adults with diabetes, a classification algorithm was used to identify those with type 2 diabetes. Results: During 1999–2004, approximately 60% of adults with type 2 diabetes used oral agents only to manage their diabetes. The distribution of oral treatment therapies changed over time (p < 0.01); the most prevalent treatment shifted from sulfonylurea monotherapy in 1999–2000 (23.0%) to any oral agent regimen containing thiazolidinedione (TZD) in 2003–2004 (21.4%). Overall, only 52.2% of adults with type 2 diabetes met the American Diabetes Association (ADA) goal for HbA1c control (<7.0%) during 1999–2004. Across oral agent treatment categories, the proportion with HbA1c controlled at the 7.0 level was significantly lower (p < 0.01) for those on triple therapy (31.9%) (TZD, sulfonylurea, and metformin), than those on metformin alone (62.2%), likely reflecting a progressive treatment approach of prescribing additional medications for those with uncontrolled HbA1c levels. Conclusions: Use of multiple oral agents among adults with type 2 diabetes has increased (sulfonylurea and metformin, p = 0.03, triple therapy, p = 0.02). However, nearly half of adults with type 2 diabetes have HbA1c levels above ADA guidelines for control, indicating that available treatments could be used more optimally, and new diabetic agents may be needed.


American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy | 2011

Out-of-Pocket Drug Costs and Drug Utilization Patterns of Postmenopausal Medicare Beneficiaries with Osteoporosis

Leslie Jackson Conwell; Dominick Esposito; Susan Garavaglia; Eric S. Meadows; Margaret S. Colby; V. Herrera; Seth Goldfarb; Daniel E. Ball; Martin Marciniak

BACKGROUND The Medicare Part D coverage gap has been associated with lower adherence and drug utilization and higher discontinuation. Because osteoporosis has a relatively high prevalence among Medicare-eligible postmenopausal women, we examined changes in utilization of osteoporosis medications during this coverage gap. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in out-of-pocket (OOP) drug costs and utilization associated with the Medicare Part D coverage gap among postmenopausal beneficiaries with osteoporosis. METHODS This retrospective analysis of 2007 pharmacy claims focuses on postmenopausal female Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in full-, partial-, or no-gap exposure standard or Medicare Advantage prescription drug plans (PDPs), retiree drug subsidy (RDS) plans, or the low-income subsidy program. We compared beneficiaries with osteoporosis who were taking teriparatide (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana) (n = 5657) with matched samples of beneficiaries who were taking nonteriparatide osteoporosis medications (NTO; n = 16,971) or who had other chronic conditions (OCC; n = 16,971). We measured average monthly prescription drug fills and OOP costs, medication discontinuation, and skipping. RESULTS More than half the sample reached the coverage gap; OOP costs then rose for teriparatide users enrolled in partial- or full-gap exposure plans (increase of 121% and 186%;


Community oncology | 2011

Promising therapies, prohibitive costs: a qualitative assessment of the effects of the Medicare Part D doughnut hole on access to costly cancer medications

Leslie Jackson Conwell; Dominick Esposito; Margaret S. Colby; Daniel E. Ball; Eric S. Meadows; Martin Marciniak

300 and


Mathematica Policy Research Reports | 2010

Value for the Money Spent? Exploring the Relationship Between Medicaid Costs and Quality

Debra J. Lipson; Margaret S. Colby; Tim Lake; Su Liu; Sarah R. Turchin

349) but fell for those in no-gap exposure PDPs or RDS plans (decrease of 49% and 30%;


Mathematica Policy Research Reports | 2013

Medication Discontinuation and Reinitiation Among Medicare Part D Beneficiaries Taking Costly Medications

Margaret S. Colby; Dominick Esposito; Seth Goldfarb; Daniel E. Ball; Vivian Herrera; Leslie Jackson Conwell; Susan Garavaglia; Eric S. Meadows; Martin Marciniak

131 and


Mathematica Policy Research Reports | 2011

Evaluation of Healthy San Francisco

Catherine G. McLaughlin; Margaret S. Colby; Erin Fries Taylor; Mary Harrington; Tricia Collins Higgins; Vivian L. H. Byrd; Laurie E. Felland

40). OOP costs for beneficiaries in partial- or full-gap exposure PDPs increased >120% (increase of


Archive | 2010

Value for the Money Spent? Exploring the Relationship Between Medicaid Costs and Quality. Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research

Debra J. Lipson; Margaret S. Colby; Timothy K. Lake; Su Liu; Sarah R. Turchin

144 and


2016 Fall Conference: The Role of Research in Making Government More Effective | 2016

Lessons from California's Public Reporting on Pathways to Health Insurance Coverage

Margaret S. Colby

176) in the NTO group and nearly doubled for the OCC group (increase of


Mathematica Policy Research Reports | 2015

Health Care Utilization Among Children Enrolled in Medicaid and CHIP via Express Lane Eligibility

Margaret S. Colby; Brenda Natzke

124 and


Archive | 2012

Value for the Money Spent? Exploring the Relationship Between Expenditures, Insurance Adequacy, and Access to Care for Publicly Insured Children. Maternal and Child Health Journal, vol. 16, supplement 1

Margaret S. Colby; Debra J. Lipson; Sarah R. Turchin

151); these OOP costs were substantially lower than those for teriparatide users. Both teriparatide users and NTO group members discontinued or skipped medications more often than persons in the OCC group, regardless of plan or benefit design. CONCLUSION Medication discontinuation and OOP costs among beneficiaries with osteoporosis were highest for those enrolled in Part D plans with a coverage gap. Providers should be aware of potential cost-related nonadherence among Medicare beneficiaries taking osteoporosis medications.

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Debra J. Lipson

Mathematica Policy Research

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James M. Verdier

Mathematica Policy Research

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Samuel E. Simon

Mathematica Policy Research

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Christal M. Stone

Mathematica Policy Research

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Dominick Esposito

Mathematica Policy Research

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