Maria Alix Leite Araújo

Fatores associados a sobreposicao de tipos de violencia contra a mulher notificada em servicos sentinela

OBJECTIVEnto identify the prevalence and the factors associated to the imposition of the different types of violence against women informed in sentry services.nnnMETHODntransversal study accomplished through 939 notification forms of cases of violence against women, referring to the three years from 2006 to 2008 in Fortaleza, Ceará. Univariate and multiple analyses by logistic regression were realized.nnnRESULTnthe results showed a positive association between the imposition of types of violence against women with a schooling varying from illiterate to basic education and the aggression which had occurred other times.nnnCONCLUSIONnthis knowledge contributes to the delineation of specific actions that aim at facing this problem, as well as generates subsidies for adequate attendance proposals and guidance for the victims who call on health services.OBJETIVO: identificar a prevalencia e os fatores associados a sobreposicao dos diferentes tipos de violencia contra a mulher, notificada em servicos sentinela. METODO: estudo transversal, realizado com 939 fichas de notificacao de casos de violencia contra a mulher, referentes ao trienio de 2006 a 2008, em Fortaleza, Ceara. Analises univariada e multipla por regressao logistica foram realizadas. RESULTADO: os resultados mostraram associacao positiva entre a sobreposicao de tipos de violencia contra a mulher com a escolaridade variando de analfabeta a ensino fundamental e a agressao ter ocorrido outras vezes. CONCLUSAO: esse conhecimento contribui para o delineamento de acoes especificas que visam o enfrentamento dessa problematica, assim como gera subsidios para proposta adequada de atendimento e encaminhamento das vitimas que buscam os servicos de saude.

Sexual and domestic violence among women attending a STI/AIDS clinic in Vitória, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Violence against women can take several forms; ranging from sexual harassment, discrimination, and discounting to even more serious forms such as those physical and sexual in nature. OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of domestic and sexual violence reported by women attending a sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic in Vitoria, Brazil. METHODS: Women attending the STI/AIDS clinic during the period of study were invited to participate and were interviewed after signing a written consent form. The assessment questionnaire included information on socio-demographic characteristics such as risk behaviors for STI and clinical, domestic, and sexual violence reports. RESULTS: A total of 276 (96.8%) women agreed to participate, of which 109 (39.5%) were HIV-positive and 167 (60.5%) were HIV-negative. History of domestic violence was reported by 52.6% of women, mainly related to alcohol abuse (41.6%), use of illicit drugs (27.2%), and psychiatric problems (25.3%). Previous sexual violence was reported by 28.6%, and 31.6% of these cases occurred when the participants were younger than 14 years old. A total of 69.2% of women were between 18 and 34 years old; 11.2% reported frequent use of alcohol; 21% use of illicit drugs and 2.2% reported injectable drugs. Regarding the use of condoms, HIV-positive women were less afraid to ask the partner to use condoms compared with HIV-negative women (31.2% versus 41.9%, p=0.022). CONCLUSION: History of domestic and sexual violence was frequently reported in this study. The effects of violence to womens physical and mental health are widely known as a serious public health problem. In addition to its importance, violence is an invisible problem in our society and we need to learn how to approach it during clinical consultation. KEYWORDS: sexual violence; domestic violence; sexually transmitted diseases; AIDS; women. como violencia fisica e sexual. Objetivo: Descrever a frequencia de violencia domestica e sexual relatadas por mulheres atendidas em um clinica de doencas sexualmente transmissiveis (DST) em Vitoria, Brasil. Metodos: As mulheres que buscaram atendimento clinico na clinica de DST/AIDS, durante o periodo de estudo, foram convidadas a participar e responderam a uma entrevista apos assinar um termo de consentimento informado. O questionario utilizado incluiu dados sobre as caracteristicas socio-demogra cas e clinicas, os comportamentos de risco para DST e a historia de violencias domesticas e sexuais. Resultados: Um total de 276 (96,8%) mulheres concordaram em participar do estudo, das quais 109 (39,5%) eram HIV-positivas e 167 (60,5%) eram HIV-negativas. Historia de violencia domestica foi relatada por 52,6% das mulheres, principalmente relacionada ao abuso de alcool (41,6%), uso de drogas ilicitas (27,2%), e problemas psiquiatricos (25,3%). Violencia sexual previa foi relatada por 28,6% das mulheres, e 31,6% desses casos ocorreu quando as participantes tinham menos de 14 anos de idade. Um total de 69,2% das mulheres tinham entre 18 e 34 anos; 11,2% relataram o uso frequente de alcool; 21% o uso de drogas ilicitas e 2,2% relataram o uso de drogas injetaveis. Em relacao ao uso de preservativos, as mulheres HIV-positivas tinham menos receio de pedir ao parceiro para usar preservativos em comparacao com mulheres HIV-negativas (31,2 versus 41,9%, p=0,022). Conclusao: Historia de violencia domestica e sexual foi frequentemente relatada neste estudo. Os efeitos da violencia sobre a saude fisica e mental das mulheres sao amplamente conhecidos como um grave problema de saude publica. Para alem dessa importância, a violencia e um problema invisivel em nossa sociedade e precisamos aprender como aborda-lo na pratica clinica. Palavras-chave: violencia sexual; violencia domestica; doencas sexualmente transmissiveis; AIDS; mulheres. Language: en

Comportamento sexual de mulheres com papiloma vírus humano em serviços de referência de Fortaleza, Ceará - doi:10.5020/18061230.2010.p43

Objective: To analyze the sexual behavior of women with human papillomavirus (HPV) admitted to two referral health units for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the city of Fortaleza. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive study, conducted in the months of August- September 2005 in two referral units for STDs. A questionnaire was applied to all women who were undergoing treatment for HPV in clinical or subclinical forms. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic variables, behavioral and sexual. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics using Epi Info, version 15.1. Results: Joined in the study 39 women, of whom 25 (64.1%) had clinical form of the disease. Most 22 (56.4%) were in the age group of 20-29 years and 16 (41%) had completed or incompleted high school. Most 31 (79.5%) hace a steady partner, and of these, 19 (48.7%) lived with their partners. Of all women, 29 (74.4%) began their sexual life with less than 19 years. In 21 (53.8%) cases the sexual partners had no verrucous lesions. The number of partners ranged from two to four for 20 (51.3%) women, 27 (73%) denied the concomitant presence of other STD and 32 (82.1%) had already been tested for HIV. Conclusion: Women with HPV were generally young, with a steady partner. More than half of the partners had no symptoms. It is necessary to develop npreventive strategies and of health promotion for youth.

Avaliação das subclasses IgG1 e IgG3 na doença hemolítica perinatal

The hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) continues to be a clinical problem in spite of prophylaxis. To date, none of the available tests, developed to predict the severity of HDN, has provided complete reliability. The objective of the present study was to determine the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses in 42 isoimmunized pregnant women, and to correlate them with clinical severity of hemolytic disease. The IgG subclasses were determined employing flow cytometry. According to the clinical severity of HDN, fetuses and newborn babies were classified as 13 mild, 16 moderate and 13 severe cases. The IgG subclasses were detected in 33 of the 42 pregnant women. Of these, IgG1 was predominant in 72.7% of the cases; either isolated (42.4%) or in association with IgG3 (30.3%). IgG1 was present in all the three clinical severity categories, however, its values were significantly higher in cases with greater clinical severity of HDN (p<0.01). On the other hand, the distribution of IgG3 values within each group was not statistically significant (p=0.11). IgG3 seems to be more associated with the mild hemolytic form of the disease, whereas the association of IgG1 and IgG3 suggested a clinically more severe form of HDN. It is possible, however, that the severity in these cases is related to the presence of IgG1. These results suggest that IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes should be included in multi-parametric protocols for the evaluation of clinical severity of HDN, as International literature does not give support to the use of IgG subclass determination alone as a reliable indicator to predict severity or prognosis of the disease.