Maria Antónia Nunes

State of the art in coffee processing by-products

Abstract This chapter describes the steps involved in coffee processing from the field to the cup and the respective generation of by-products along the chain. The chemical composition of coffee husks, pulp, immature, and defective beans, coffee silverskin, and spent coffee grounds is detailed and methods for the sustainable management of these by-products are addressed, as well as legislative frameworks and policy recommendations. Although coffee by-products have a high potential of application in different fields, more integrated strategies with the involvement of coffee producers, industries, academic institutions, governmental and nongovernmental organizations are still needed to convert coffee by-products into really profitable substrates.

Applications of recovered bioactive compounds in cosmetics and health care products

Life-expectancy has increased in developed countries, raising new concerns in skin appearance. Particularly, face wrinkles are one of the major features of aging leading to new researches for cosmetic active ingredients. A new tendency in cosmetic formulations is the use of raw materials from agroindustry by-products that normally are discarded as waste. Olive mill waste (OMW) is an olive oil by-product that represents a major environmental issue. Some studies have been carried out on this residue regarding phytochemicals identification and biological evaluation. The bioactive compounds present are mainly antioxidants (especially oleuropein), fatty acids (particularly monounsaturated fatty acids), and minerals. Indeed, taking into account its composition and sustainability issues, the recovery target compounds from these disposal residues is advisable. Particularly, cosmetic field may benefit from these materials. In this chapter, the challenging applications of OMW derived bioactive compounds as active ingredients for skin care products are reviewed and discussed.

Grape Processing By-Products as Active Ingredients for Cosmetic Proposes

The demand for cosmetics with natural ingredients is stronger than ever, being now widely considered a serious challenge to the worldwide economy and society. In the field of wine making, grape processing by-products represent a major environmental issue. Some studies have been carried out on these residues regarding phytochemicals identification and biological evaluation. High added-value ingredients for cosmetics formulations can be obtained by recovering bioactive compounds from these substrates. The bioactive compounds present are mainly polyphenols (such as catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, and resveratrol), fatty acids and vitamins. Indeed, taking into account its composition and sustainability issues, the recovery of target compounds from these disposal residues is advisable. Particularly, the cosmetic field may benefit from these materials. This chapter aims to revise the potential applications of bioactive compounds from grape processing by-products as active ingredients for skin care products. Their potential emollient, antiwrinkle, or antioxidant activity is critically reviewed and discussed. Also, the review of the most important cosmetic brands that already use grape on their formulations is denoted.

Herbal products containing Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Crataegus spp., and Panax spp.: Labeling and safety concerns

Herbs have been used from ancient times for infusion preparation based on their potential health effects. In particular, the consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Crataegus spp. and Panax spp. has been largely associated to cardiovascular benefits. In this work, the label information of 52 herbal products for infusion preparation containing the referred herbs was analyzed and discussed, taking into consideration the European Union regulation for herbal products, which intends to protect public health and harmonize the legal framework in Member States. Details about the cardiovascular-related statements and warning notifications about consumption were considered. Also, regulatory issues and possible herb-drug interactions were explored and discussed. A total of 14 of the 52 herbal products selected presented health claims/statements on the label. Hibiscus was present in the majority of the products and, in some cases, it was mentioned only in the ingredients list and not on the product front-of-pack. Despite the promising outcomes of these plants to modulate cardiovascular risk markers, consumers with some sort of cardiovascular dysfunction and/or under medication treatments should be aware to carefully analyze the labels and consult additional information related to these herbal products. Manufacturers have also a huge responsibility to inform consumers by presenting awareness statements. Lastly, health professionals must advise and alert their patients about possible interactions that could occur between the concomitant consumption of drugs and herbs. Overall, there is still a real need of additional studies and clinical trials to better understand herbs effects and establish a science-based guidance to assess their safety.

Chapter 7 – Applications of recovered bioactive compounds in cosmetics and other products

Abstract The world consumption of coffee generates large amounts of by-products. However, the use of these wastes for animal feed has not been possible due to the presence of antiphysiological and antinutritional factors, such as tannins and caffeine. Nevertheless, coffee silverskin (CS), spent coffee grounds (SCGs), coffee husks, and immature/defective coffee beans, the industrial by-products of coffee processing, have a potential use in skin-care formulations, based on their high content of bioactive compounds. On the other hand, considering that life expectancy has increased in developed countries, raising new concerns about skin and body appearance, the demand for cosmetics with natural ingredients is stronger than ever, representing a challenge for the worldwide economy and society. This chapter revises the potential application of bioactive compounds from coffee by-products to active ingredients for skin-care products. Their potential UV protective action, emollient capacity, antiwrinkle, and antimicrobial activities are critically reviewed and discussed.