Maria Aparecida Miranda de Paula Machado

Motivação de gestantes para o aleitamento materno

OBJECTIVE: The present study sought to discover the reasons for expectant mothers to breastfeed. METHODS: This was a qualitative study involving 164 expectant mothers attending prenatal care in two health centers of the city of Sao Paulo. Semi-structured interviews were done to collect data on the reasons to breastfeed. The information was organized in a spreadsheet to search for categories. RESULTS: The main identified categories regarded the childs and womans health and the benefits of breastfeeding and breast milk. The majority of the women (98.8%) regarded breastfeeding favorably. Benefit to the childs health was the reason mentioned most often (73.8%). CONCLUSION: Motivation to breastfeed was based on benefits to the childs health. Breastfeeding is valued regardless of the mothers will.

Os sentidos atribuídos à voz por mulheres após a menopausa

OBJETIVO: Analisar os sentidos atribuidos a voz por mulheres apos a menopausa. METODOS: Foram coletados dados de 148 mulheres nos prontuarios medicos, entre fevereiro de 2000 e outubro de 2001, no Programa da Saude da Mulher no Climaterio, do ambulatorio de ginecologia de um hospital na cidade de Curitiba, Estado do Parana. Dentre a populacao total foram selecionadas intencionalmente 30 mulheres entre 48 e 59 anos, que nao se consideravam profissionais da voz, no minimo ha 12 meses em amenorreia, e que foram entrevistadas com um roteiro tematico, constituido de questoes semi-estruturadas. Cada entrevista foi gravada e transcrita. A descricao, analise e interpretacao foram fundamentadas pelas representacoes sociais, por meio do discurso do sujeito coletivo, com aproximacoes a hermeneutica-dialetica. RESULTADOS: Os 27 discursos coletivos estruturados denotaram o relacionamento da voz as caracteristicas biologicas, psicologicas e aspectos sociais do cotidiano, com a identificacao de mudancas vocais no decorrer da vida. CONCLUSOES: Foi possivel observar representacoes sociais de natureza comunicacional e funcional, que salientaram a voz como elemento de constituicao da identidade pessoal, concebida na pertinencia social. A pesquisa sugere novas investigacoes fundamentadas nas ciencias sociais, simultâneas aos estudos epidemiologicos, e a necessidade de se refletir sobre o processo de terapeutica vocal aplicado sobre uma laringe mais vulneravel, alem de priorizar uma proposta de assistencia integral a mulher no climaterio, com enfoque sobre a saude da voz.

Fatores interferentes na alimentação de crianças de 17 a 25 meses de uma creche municipal

RESUMOObjetivo: verificar fatores interferentes no padrao de alimentacao de criancas de 17 a 25 meses. Metodos: dados de avaliacoes fonoaudiologicas de todas as criancas do bercario (n=14) de uma creche no municipio de Bauru/SP. Aplicacao de questionario aos pais a respeito das condicoes de saude geral e desenvolvimento neuromotor, aleitamento natural ou artificial, habitos orais e proble-mas respiratorios. Analisou-se a morfofuncionalidade dos constituintes do sistema estomatognatico e caracteristicas clinico-fisiologicas da mastigacao e degluticao. A analise estatistica foi descritiva. Resultados: constatou-se alteracao em diversos aspectos da saude nas criancas (92,8%); presenca de ma oclusao (28,6%); alteracoes morfologicas para labio (21,4%) e lingua (21,4%); alteracoes de tonicidade de bochechas (57,1%), mento (21,4%) e labios (42,8%); respiracao oral ou orona-sal (42,8%); alteracoes na mastigacao (35,7%) e na degluticao de solido (50%) e liquido (42,8%). Conclusao: para esse grupo, a presenca de habitos orais, assim como as alteracoes morfologicas e de tonicidade influenciam o padrao de alimentacao das criancas analisadas, evidenciando a necessi-dade de prevenir e detectar precocemente tais fatores para que a alimentacao nas criancas ocorra de forma adequada, promovendo assim condicoes de saude para um desenvolvimento higido. DESCRITORES: Comportamento Alimentar; Crianca; Desenvolvimento Infantil; Promocao da Saude

Requisitos para utilização de cybertutor com agentes comunitarios de saúde

Purpose to verify and to feature the conditions of the effective participation of community health workers (CHW) in virtual learning environment with topic “breast-feeding”;. Methods participated in the study 49 CHW from Rondonia, and after 45 days, in wich all the process was monitored, occurred a videoconference to take testimonials about the access and content. It was used the Collective Subject Discurse to identify difficulties/easiness/suggestions/ proposals of wich were extracted three categories: (a) Willing to obtain knowledge; (b) Conditions to the achieving of the study; and (c) Assesment of professional education and the content. Results 8 CHW (15.69%) accessed the cybertutor in correct time; 100% folowed the introductory module complete; 62.50% the modulus 2 and 3; 37.50% the modulus 4 at 8. For the Category (a) 8 CHW reported were motivated in using cybertutor, since it is a way to reinforce and acquire new knowledge. As to Category (b) the main difficulties were described as lack of knowledge on technology, material and financial resources and time availabilities. In Category (c) it was reported having obtained new knowledge that could be passed immediately to population and the desire to have similar experiences. Conclusion the requeriments for the distance courses for CHW imply the viability of resources by local administrators, prior knowledge of basic computer, Internet access, computers availables in appropriate sites, well as others aspects such, to time available during working hours and/or extra time and challenging themes to make effect continuing distance education.

Competências iniciais para o processo de alfabetização

PURPOSE Examine a set of competencies in children beginning the process of literacy and find whether there is positive correlation with their level of writing. METHODS Study conducted with 70 six-year-old students enrolled in the first year of Elementary School in municipal schools. The children were submitted to the Initial Reading and Writing Competence Assessment Battery (BACLE) and the Diagnostic Probing Protocol for classification of their level of writing. Descriptive statistical analysis and the Spearman coefficient were used for correlation between instruments. RESULTS The students presented satisfactory performance in the tasks of the BACLE. Regarding the writing hypothesis, most children presented syllabic level with sound value. Significant positive correlation was observed between body scheme/time-space orientation and language skills. CONCLUSION The group of schoolchildren performed satisfactorily on tests that measure pre-reading and writing skills. The areas of body scheme/time-space orientation and language presented significant correlation with the level of writing hypothesis, indicating that children with higher scores in these areas present better levels of writing. Identification of the necessary competencies for learning of reading and writing can provide teachers and educational audiology professionals with conditions for evaluation and early intervention in certain abilities for the development of reading and writing.PURPOSE Examine a set of competencies in children beginning the process of literacy and find whether there is positive correlation with their level of writing. METHODS Study conducted with 70 six-year-old students enrolled in the first year of Elementary School in municipal schools. The children were submitted to the Initial Reading and Writing Competence Assessment Battery (BACLE) and the Diagnostic Probing Protocol for classification of their level of writing. Descriptive statistical analysis and the Spearman coefficient were used for correlation between instruments. RESULTS The students presented satisfactory performance in the tasks of the BACLE. Regarding the writing hypothesis, most children presented syllabic level with sound value. Significant positive correlation was observed between body scheme/time-space orientation and language skills. CONCLUSION The group of schoolchildren performed satisfactorily on tests that measure pre-reading and writing skills. The areas of body scheme/time-space orientation and language presented significant correlation with the level of writing hypothesis, indicating that children with higher scores in these areas present better levels of writing. Identification of the necessary competencies for learning of reading and writing can provide teachers and educational audiology professionals with conditions for evaluation and early intervention in certain abilities for the development of reading and writing.

Gestão em saúde: o aprendizado e a formação acadêmica de estudantes de graduação

PURPOSE: to compare the previous and posterior education-learning knowledge of the 3rd year students of speech-language and hearing pathologys students about the topic Health Management. METHOD: the subjects were asked to answer a protocol before and after one year Health Management taught to be obtained the information about the learning and the relation with health-disease process, own daily lives management and what they consider a management guiding principle in the Seepch-language and hearing profession. Data were analyzed with the application of qualitative methodology Arvore de Associacao de Ideias. RESULTS: the results were organized in three categories (1) Health-disease process, (2) Recovery health, (3) Speech-language and hearing pathology: therapy as a cure. In the first category it was observed that students changed the ideia of the conceptualization of health as opposed to the disease to a factor inherent in the quality of life. In the second category self-medication and the search for private care were found. And the third category they indicated the need of speech-language and hearing therapists work holistically to improve the individuals quality of life. CONCLUSION: the undergraduate training in speech-language and hearing pathology elicited partial understanding of health-disease process as a primary guideline and the challenge will be to initiate new instabilities production and provide full conditions for this knowledge capillarity in the disciplines of speech-language and hearing sciences.