Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni Gibelli

Candida parapsilosis candidaemia in a neonatal unit over 7 years: a case series study.

Objective To evaluate Candida parapsilosis candidaemia in a neonatal unit over 7 years. Design Case series study. Setting A 2000-bed tertiary-care university hospital at São Paulo, Brazil. Participants Neonates hospitalised in a 63-bed neonatal unit. Primary and secondary outcome measures We evaluated the incidence of C parapsilosis fungemia in a neonatal unit from 2002 through 2008 and the main microbiological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of this disease in neonates. During the study period an outbreak occurred, an infection control programme was implemented, and isolates from blood and hand healthcare workers (HCWs) were submitted to molecular typing. Results During 7 years, there were 36 cases of C parapsilosis fungaemia and annual incidence varied from 0 to 19.7 per 1000 admissions. Evaluating 31 neonates with fungemia, the mean age at diagnosis was 19 days. All children except for one were premature; all had received total parenteral nutrition and all but one had used central venous catheter. Three neonates had received antifungal treatment previously to the diagnosis. Thirty-day mortality was 45%. Only lower birthweight was associated with mortality. C parapsilosis species complex was isolated from hand cultures in eight (11%) of the HCWs (one isolate was identified as C orthopsilosis). By molecular typing no HCW isolate was similar to any of the blood isolates. Conclusions The incidence of C parapsilosis fungemia in a neonatal unit varied widely over 7 years. We observed in our series a higher death rate than that reported in European countries and the USA.

Use of corticosteroids and the outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

UNLABELLED Ventilator-dependent premature infants are often treated with dexamethasone. Several trials showed that steroids while improve pulmonary compliance and facilitate extubation, some treated infants may have adverse effects, such as alterations of growth curves. We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate the effects of steroids on mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, hospital length stay and mortality, in ventilator-dependent infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (defined as the need of oxygen supplementation at 28 days of life). Twenty-six newborns with BPD were evaluated during 9 - 42 days postpartum (mean = 31 days) and were divided into two groups: Group I - 14 newborns that did not receive dexamethasone, and Group II - 12 newborns that received dexamethasone at 14 - 21 days of life. Dexamethasone was given at a dose of 0.25 mg per kilogram of body weight twice daily intravenously for 3 days, after which the dose was tapered. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the mean length of mechanical ventilation (Group I - 37 days, Group II - 35 days); oxygen supplementation (Group I - 16 days, Group II - 29 days); hospital stay (Group I - 72 days, Group II - 113 days); mortality (Group I - 35.7%, Group II - 41.6%). At birth, Group II was lighter (BW: Group I - 1154 grams +/- 302, Group II - 791 grams +/- 165; p < 0.05) and smaller (height: Group I - 37.22 cm +/- 3.3, Group II - 33.5 +/- 2.4; p< 0.05) than Group I. At 40 weeks, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in relation to anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS The use of corticosteroids in bronchopulmonary dysplasic infants may influence the somatic growth during its use. However, after its suspension, a recovery seems to occur, suggesting that its influence could be transitory.

Effects of corticosteroids in very low birth weight newborns dependent on mechanical ventilation

UNLABELLED Corticosteroids have been used in bronchopulmonary dysplasia prevention because of their antiinflammatory effects. Among their effects is a decrease in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, short- and long-term side effects have been detected in preterm newborns. PURPOSE To analyze the effects of corticosteroids on bronchopulmonary dysplasia, length of stay, mortality, growth, as well as the adverse effects in very low birth weight newborns between 10 and 14 days of life and dependent on mechanical ventilation. METHODS Cohort study. All newborns with a birth weight under 1500 g, mechanical ventilation-dependent between 10 and 14 days of life, during the period January 2000 and June 2001 were included (n = 38). They were divided into 2 groups: Group I with corticosteroids (n = 16) and Group II without corticosteroids (n = 22). Dexamethasone administration: from the 10th day of life, d1-d3, 0.3 mg/kg/d; d4-d6, 0.2 mg/kg/d; d7-d9, 0.1 mg/kg/d. Respiratory evolution, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependence at 28 days of life), growth pattern and the presence of adverse effects were analyzed. RESULTS The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was 6.5% (Group I) and 30% (Group II), P = .07. A decrease in growth was detected in Group I compared with Group II (change in weight: Group I--47 g/week, Group II--85.5 g/week, P = .06; change in head circumference: Group I--0.75 cm/week, Group II--1 cm/week, P = .05). CONCLUSION Use of corticosteroids in very low birth weight infants dependent on mechanical ventilation during the first 10 to 14 days of life did not affect the respiratory evolution and occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but the velocity of growth was reduced.

An unfavorable intrauterine environment may determine renal functional capacity in adulthood: a meta-analysis

Since studies show that an unfavorable environment during intrauterine development predisposes individuals to several diseases in adulthood, our objective is to assess the relation between fetal growth restriction and chronic renal disease in adults. We searched four different electronic databases through November 2017: CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS and MEDLINE. We selected studies with longitudinal or transversal designs associating kidney function in adulthood with low birth weight. Two reviewers evaluated the inclusion criteria and the risk of bias and extracted data from the included papers. Thirteen studies were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. We observed increased risks of presenting end-stage renal disease (risk ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.47), a lower glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) (mean difference 7.14; 95% confidence interval: -12.12, -2.16), microalbuminuria (risk ratio 1.40; 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 1.52) and a small increase in the albumin/creatinine ratio (mean difference 0.46; 95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.90) in the low birth weight patients, compared with control group. These findings suggest that low birth weight is associated with renal dysfunction in adults.

Association of spontaneous labor onset with neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis: a retrospective cohort analysis

The present study aims to investigate the association of spontaneous labor onset with neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis. The secondary goal was to evaluate the association between ultrasound markers and labor onset in pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis.

Risk Factors for Fungemia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Fungemia is a severe complication on neonatal period among very low birth weight infants (VLBW). The aim of the study was to describe the incidence of fungal sepsis and to analyze the risk factors among this population. Data were collected prospectively over a 25 months period among VLBW infants admitted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with more then 72 hours of life. Patients were divided in five groups, based on the first positive blood culture: without sepsis; sepsis with negative blood culture; Gram-positive bacterial sepsis; Gram-negative bacterial sepsis and fungal sepsis. For statistical analyses the Pearson test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and a logistic regression model were used. 187 newborns were included in the study: 110 (58,8%) had late-onset sepsis; 13 (7%) had fungal sepsis. Rate of mortality was 69,2%. The risk factors identified at the comparison between the fungemia group and no-fungemia (all the remaining sample) were: birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), central venous catheter (CVC), parenteral nutrition (PN), fasting, mechanical ventilation (MV), exposure to vancomycine, cefepime, meropenem, and amikacine. Further statistical analyses have shown: for each increasing of 10 g in BW, the risk of fungemia diminished 3%; each day of CVC, increased this risk in 8,1%; each day of MV increased this risk in 11,1%. The analyses of the categorized variables have shown: BW 1000 g increased the risk of fungemia 23 times; MV 14 days increased the risk 36 times; each day of CVC increased the risk of fungemia in 9,3%.