Maria Elena Nor

Parameter estimation of Monod model by the Least-Squares method for microalgae Botryococcus Braunii sp

This research aims to estimate the parameters of Monod model of microalgae Botryococcus Braunii sp growth by the Least-Squares method. Monod equation is a non-linear equation which can be transformed into a linear equation form and it is solved by implementing the Least-Squares linear regression method. Meanwhile, Gauss-Newton method is an alternative method to solve the non-linear Least-Squares problem with the aim to obtain the parameters value of Monod model by minimizing the sum of square error ( SSE). As the result, the parameters of the Monod model for microalgae Botryococcus Braunii sp can be estimated by the Least-Squares method. However, the estimated parameters value obtained by the non-linear Least-Squares method are more accurate compared to the linear Least-Squares method since the SSE of the non-linear Least-Squares method is less than the linear Least-Squares method.

Time Series Forecasting of the Number of Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia Passengers

The standard practice in forecasting process involved by fitting a model and further analysis on the residuals. If we know the distributional behaviour of the time series data, it can help us to directly analyse the model identification, parameter estimation, and model checking. In this paper, we want to compare the distributional behaviour data from the number of Malaysia Airlines (MAS) and AirAsia passengers. From the previous research, the AirAsia passengers are govern by geometric Brownian motion (GBM). The data were normally distributed, stationary and independent. Then, GBM was used to forecast the number of AirAsia passengers. The same methods were applied to MAS data and the results then were compared. Unfortunately, the MAS data were not govern by GBM. Then, the standard approach in time series forecasting will be applied to MAS data. From this comparison, we can conclude that the number of AirAsia passengers are always in peak season rather than MAS passengers.

Treatment of Outliers via Interpolation Method with Neural Network Forecast Performances

Outliers often lurk in many datasets, especially in real data. Such anomalous data can negatively affect statistical analyses, primarily normality, variance, and estimation aspects. Hence, handling the occurrences of outliers require special attention. Therefore, it is important to determine the suitable ways in treating outliers so as to ensure that the quality of the analyzed data is indeed high. As such, this paper discusses an alternative method to treat outliers via linear interpolation method. In fact, assuming outlier as a missing value in the dataset allows the application of the interpolation method to interpolate the outliers thus, enabling the comparison of data series using forecast accuracy before and after outlier treatment. With that, the monthly time series of Malaysian tourist arrivals from January 1998 until December 2015 had been used to interpolate the new series. The results indicated that the linear interpolation method, which was comprised of improved time series data, displayed better results, when compared to the original time series data in forecasting from both Box-Jenkins and neural network approaches.

The analysis of morphometric data on rocky mountain wolves and artic wolves using statistical method

Morphometrics is a quantitative analysis depending on the shape and size of several specimens. Morphometric quantitative analyses are commonly used to analyse fossil record, shape and size of specimens and others. The aim of the study is to find the differences between rocky mountain wolves and arctic wolves based on gender. The sample utilised secondary data which included seven variables as independent variables and two dependent variables. Statistical modelling was used in the analysis such was the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed there exist differentiating results between arctic wolves and rocky mountain wolves based on independent factors and gender.

Autocorrelated process control: Geometric Brownian Motion approach versus Box-Jenkins approach

Existing of autocorrelation will bring a significant effect on the performance and accuracy of process control if the problem does not handle carefully. When dealing with autocorrelated process, Box-Jenkins method will be preferred because of the popularity. However, the computation of Box-Jenkins method is too complicated and challenging which cause of time-consuming. Therefore, an alternative method which known as Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) is introduced to monitor the autocorrelated process. One real case of furnace temperature data is conducted to compare the performance of Box-Jenkins and GBM methods in monitoring autocorrelation process. Both methods give the same results in terms of model accuracy and monitoring process control. Yet, GBM is superior compared to Box-Jenkins method due to its simplicity and practically with shorter computational time.

Hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer adjacent to an unsteady stretching vertical sheet with prescribed surface heat flux

The unsteady hydromagnetic flow adjacent to a stretching vertical sheet is studied. The unsteadiness in the flow and temperature fields is caused by the time dependence of the stretching velocity and the surface heat flux. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations, before being solved numerically. Comparison with previously published results as well as the exact solution for the steady-state case of the present problem is made, and the results are found to be in good agreement. Effects of the unsteadiness parameter, magnetic parameter, and Prandtl number on the flow and heat transfer are fully examined.

Neural network versus classical time series forecasting models

Artificial neural network (ANN) has advantage in time series forecasting as it has potential to solve complex forecasting problems. This is because ANN is data driven approach which able to be trained to map past values of a time series. In this study the forecast performance between neural network and classical time series forecasting method namely seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models was being compared by utilizing gold price data. Moreover, the effect of different data preprocessing on the forecast performance of neural network being examined. The forecast accuracy was evaluated using mean absolute deviation, root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error. It was found that ANN produced the most accurate forecast when Box-Cox transformation was used as data preprocessing.Artificial neural network (ANN) has advantage in time series forecasting as it has potential to solve complex forecasting problems. This is because ANN is data driven approach which able to be trained to map past values of a time series. In this study the forecast performance between neural network and classical time series forecasting method namely seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models was being compared by utilizing gold price data. Moreover, the effect of different data preprocessing on the forecast performance of neural network being examined. The forecast accuracy was evaluated using mean absolute deviation, root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error. It was found that ANN produced the most accurate forecast when Box-Cox transformation was used as data preprocessing.

Detecting overdispersion in count data: A zero-inflated Poisson regression analysis

This study focusing on analysing count data of butterflies communities in Jasin, Melaka. In analysing count dependent variable, the Poisson regression model has been known as a benchmark model for regression analysis. Continuing from the previous literature that used Poisson regression analysis, this study comprising the used of zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression analysis to gain acute precision on analysing the count data of butterfly communities in Jasin, Melaka. On the other hands, Poisson regression should be abandoned in the favour of count data models, which are capable of taking into account the extra zeros explicitly. By far, one of the most popular models include ZIP regression model. The data of butterfly communities which had been called as the number of subjects in this study had been taken in Jasin, Melaka and consisted of 131 number of subjects visits Jasin, Melaka. Since the researchers are considering the number of subjects, this data set consists of five families of butterfly and represent the five variables involve in the analysis which are the types of subjects. Besides, the analysis of ZIP used the SAS procedure of overdispersion in analysing zeros value and the main purpose of continuing the previous study is to compare which models would be better than when exists zero values for the observation of the count data. The analysis used AIC, BIC and Voung test of 5% level significance in order to achieve the objectives. The finding indicates that there is a presence of over-dispersion in analysing zero value. The ZIP regression model is better than Poisson regression model when zero values exist.

Analysing count data of Butterflies communities in Jasin, Melaka: A Poisson regression analysis

Counting outcomes normally have remaining values highly skewed toward the right as they are often characterized by large values of zeros. The data of butterfly communities, had been taken from Jasin, Melaka and consists of 131 number of subject visits in Jasin, Melaka. In this paper, considering the count data of butterfly communities, an analysis is considered Poisson regression analysis as it is assumed to be an alternative way on better suited to the counting process. This research paper is about analysing count data from zero observation ecological inference of butterfly communities in Jasin, Melaka by using Poisson regression analysis. The software for Poisson regression is readily available and it is becoming more widely used in many field of research and the data was analysed by using SAS software. The purpose of analysis comprised the framework of identifying the concerns. Besides, by using Poisson regression analysis, the study determines the fitness of data for accessing the reliability on using the count data. The finding indicates that the highest and lowest number of subject comes from the third family (Nymphalidae) family and fifth (Hesperidae) family and the Poisson distribution seems to fit the zero values.

Directional change error evaluation in time series forecasting

Error magnitude measurements are commonly used to assess various forecasting models or methods. However, accuracy in terms of error magnitude alone is not enough especially in the field of economics. The information on the directional behavior of the data is very important since if the forecast fails to predict the directional change effectively, it could cause huge negative impact on economic activities. Thus, in assessing economic forecast value, it is important to consider both the magnitudes and directional movements. The existing directional change error (DCE) was modified by comparing directional of two consecutive forecasts data with two consecutive actual data. The modified directional change error (mDCE) compares the directional between the actual and the forecast as a whole, however DCE compares them one by one. This gives mDCE an advantage as it provides overview information on the entire directional pattern of the data. Thus, an evaluation by mDCE would makes a directional forecast more reliab...