Maria Elisa Zanella

COMPORTAMENTO CLIMÁTICO DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE FORTALEZA

Resumen pt: Analisou-se as caracteristicas climaticas da Regiao Metropolitana de Fortaleza, a partir da espacializacao da precipitacao e temperatura do ar e da ident...

Vulnerabilidade socioambiental do baixo curso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cocó, Fortaleza-CE

The following study is about the vulnerability environmental, social and socio environmental of down progress of Coco rivers watershed, at Fortaleza-CE. The methodology has been based in the use of Geographic Information Systems to the preparation and integration of geology maps, geomorphology, vegetation, vegetation, urban infrastructure and economic and social information with the view to get the natural vulnerability, environmental, social and finally the socio environmental. The results indicate that the environments of high environmental vulnerability coexist with the high social vulnerability, expanding the socio environmentals problems of those spaces. The vulnerability mapping aims to contribute to the urban-environmental planning of watershed down progress and this sense the Geoinformation System has been primordial to itself spatialization.

CONFORTO TÉRMICO EM FORTALEZA-CE (thermal comfort in Fortaleza-CE)

O trabalho consiste em investigar as condicoes do conforto termico em ambientes externos da cidade de Fortaleza tendo como orientacao teorica Monteiro (1976). A analise do conforto na cidade ocorreu por meio da realizacao de campanhas sob condicoes sazonais diferenciadas, representativas da habitualidade climatica da regiao, em doze pontos distintos da realidade intra-urbana da metropole. Duas escalas foram utilizadas para a investigacao do ritmo horario do conforto termico: indice de temperatura efetiva (Te) e o Diagrama do INMET. Os resultados revelam que e a partir das 9 horas que se configura o desconforto pela cidade, condicao essa que se estende ate as 17 horas. Em todos os pontos experimentais os horarios de 14 e 15 horas sao os mais criticos para o parâmetro Te. Nos periodos da noite e madrugada, de forma geral, ocorreu condicao de conforto.

Impact of the rains on the city of Fortaleza in the years 2013, 2014 and 2015

This article aims to assess the impact of the rains in Fortaleza city, the fifth metropolis in Brazil, between 2013 and 2015. To achieve an integrated environmental investigation, the Urban Climate System method was adopted, with emphasis on geographic climatology. The urban site of Fortaleza presents several environments prone to events triggered by rain. Inundation and flooding around rivers, lakes and estuaries and landslides near dune slopes affect the urban space, besides storm waves impacting on the coastal zone. Rainfall events above 30 mm/day cause widespread problems in the city, the most severe problems being seen during extreme events, above 100 mm/day. The most severe impacts occurred on mobility and residences all over the city. In conclusion, local society in not prepared to cope with the environmental problems discussed in this work, as a result of the inappropriate occupation of the environment, several deficiencies of urban infrastructure and low level of organization of community and public institutions to face crisis situations.

O CLIMA DAS CIDADES DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES NO PLANEJAMENTO E GESTÃO URBANA

O presente texto trata de uma analise dos campos, metodos e tecnicas empregados nos estudos de clima urbano desenvolvidos na regiao Nordeste do Brasil a medida que tambem traca reflexoes sobre aplicabilidade dessas pesquisas no planejamento e gestao urbana nas cidades. Os campos de investigacao do Sistema Clima Urbano de Monteiro (1976) serviram como estrategia de classificacao para analise da producao cientifica. A consolidacao dos estudos de clima urbano no Nordeste so ocorreu depois do ano 2000, tal ocorrencia e fruto do fortalecimento da Pos-Graduacao na regiao, que se amplia consideravelmente, principalmente em nivel de doutorado. Constatou-se o predominio de estudos sob o enfoque do campo termico, os quais se deram na forma de episodios experimentais em campo, com escala predominantemente microclimatica e com coletas horarias em pontos fixos no espaco urbano. Apesar do volume e da qualidade dos estudos contata-se a escassa aplicacao dos mesmos nos planos de gestao urbana das cidades do Nordeste. Palavras-chave: Clima Urbano. Campos e Tecnicas. Planejamento Urbano. Regiao Nordeste. Brasil Abstract This paper brings an analysis of the fields, methods and techniques used in studies on urban climate carried out in Northeastern Brazil. In addition, we raise reflections on the applicability of those studies for urban planning and management in the cities. The research fields of the Urban Climate System by Monteiro (1976) served as classification strategy for the analysis of scientific production. The consolidation of the studies on urban climate in Northeast occurred only after the year of 2000. As such, this occurrence was a result of the strengthening of post-graduation in the region, which expanded considerably, particularly at the doctoral level. We observed predominance of studies addressing the thermal field, which were accomplished in the form of experimental episodes, with microclimatic scale predominantly and hourly collections at fixed points around the city. Despite the number and quality of the studies, it could be observed their limited application for urban management plans in the Northeast cities. Key words:Key-words: Urban Climate. Fields and Techniques. Urban Planning. Northeastern. Brazil Resumen Este articulo es un analisis de los campos, metodos y tecnicas empleadas en los estudios de clima urbano desarrollado en el noreste de Brasil, como tambien rastros reflexiones sobre la aplicabilidad de esta investigacion en la planificacion y la gestion urbana en las ciudades. Los ambitos de investigacion del Clima Urbano Sistema Monteiro (1976) sirvieron como estrategia clasificacion para el analisis de la produccion cientifica. La consolidacion de los estudios del clima urbano en el noreste se produjo solo despues de 2000, tal acontecimiento es el resultado de la consolidacion de Postgrado en la region, lo que amplia considerablemente, sobre todo a nivel de doctorado. Encontramos un predominio de los estudios desde la perspectiva del campo termico, que se administra en forma de episodios campo experimental con escala predominantemente microclimaticas y se recoge por hora en puntos fijos en el espacio urbano. A pesar de que el volumen y la calidad de los estudios es escasa aplicacion de contactos en los planes de gestion de las ciudades urbanas del noreste. Palabras clave: Clima Urbano. Campos y Tecnicas. Urbanismo. Region Noreste. Brasil.

TÉCNICA DOS QUANTIS PARA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ANOS SECOS E CHUVOSOS (1980-2009): BAIXO CURSO DO APODI-MOSSORÓ/RN

The present paper aims at using the Quantis Technique for the determination of drought and rain periods, corresponding to the historical series in the 30-year stretch between 1980-2009 of the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Rio Grande do Norte-EMPARN, using the Pinkayan and Terezinha Xavier methodology. Up to the present time (2011) according to research in books and periodicals, a quantilic technique has not been applied to this area of investigation. Five categories have been used to analise the quantis technique: very dry, dry, normal, rainy and very rainy. This classification has been set in an annual scale in order to help in data systematization and in the collection of normal or regular rain figures in the low Apodi-Mossoro watercourse, represented by the quantis Q(0.15), Q(0.35), Q(0.50), Q(0.65) e Q(0.85). Important information has been gathered about the climate regime in the area under study correlated to the extreme classes (very dry and very rainy), and these correlations have served as the starting point of research on socio-environmental impacts associated to natural disasters, as well as in water resources management, hydrology studies, urban and agricultural planning and as a likely source of information for other works and research projects.