Maria Ercilia de Araujo

Palavras e silêncios na educação superior em odontologia

O debate sobre a formacao universitaria passa, atualmente, pelo perfil de profissional que esta sendo formado nas universidades. Este artigo considera, nesta mesma direcao, a necessidade de uma revisao na formacao dos profissionais nas faculdades de odontologia do Brasil. Esta formacao deve estar em interface direta com as reais necessidades de saude bucal da populacao, e inserida no paradigma da politica publica de saude e dos principios do Sistema Unico de Saude. Para se atingir tais objetivos, a capacitacao docente deve passar por um processo de revisao de conceitos educativos, que permitam ao aluno se tornar um agente ativo no processo de ensino, com perspectiva critica em relacao a sua propria pratica profissional.

Custo da fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público, estudo de caso ­ Município de São Paulo, Brasil, período de 1985-2003

O objetivo do artigo e estimar o custo da fluoretacao das aguas de abastecimento publico no Municipio de Sao Paulo no periodo de 1985-2003. Para o calculo da composicao de custos da fluoretacao das aguas levou-se em conta os seguintes custos: (a) capital inicial de instalacao; (b) produto quimico (acido fluorsilicico); (c) operacionalizacao do sistema (manutencao do sistema, energia eletrica e recursos humanos); e (d) controle dos teores de fluor. A acao do fluor mostrou-se efetiva, pois para a idade de 12 anos observou-se reducao de 73% na experiencia de carie dentaria, sendo que em 1986 a media do indice CPO-D era de 6,47 (6,12-6,82) e em 2002 foi de 1,75 (1,48-2,92). Nesta idade-indice 40% das criancas apresentaram CPO-D = 0 em 2002. O custo medio per capita/ano na Cidade de Sao Paulo foi de R

Indicadores socioeconômicos e recursos odontológicos em Municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no final do século XX

0,08 (US

Conditional factors for untreated caries in 12-year-old children in the city of Sao Paulo

0,03) em 2003. O custo acumulado em 18 anos de implantacao do sistema de fluoretacao foi de R

Saúde bucal e uso dos serviços odontológicos em função do Índice de Necessidades em Saúde: São Paulo, 2008

1,44 (US

Popularização do autoexame da boca: um exemplo de educação não formal - Parte II

0,97) per capita.

Estratégias e resultados da prevenção do câncer bucal em idosos de São Paulo, Brasil, 2001 a 2009

Resumo Sabendo-se que indicadores sociais influenciam o processo saude-doenca, buscou-se analisar se eles modularam os servicos publicos municipais odontologicos no Estado de Sao Paulo, no final do seculo XX. Caracteristicas socioeconomicas da populacao foram relacionadas aos recursos de gerenciamento dos servicos. As variaveis foram submetidas a analise bivariada e de regressao linear multipla. O numero de profissionais publicos revelou-se maior quanto piores mostraram-se os indicadores de renda e analfabetismo e quanto maiores foram as receitas e despesas em saude. O numero de auxiliares de odontologia manteve-se inadequado para o trabalho em equipe. O numero de equipamentos equivaleu ao de cirurgioesdentistas, indicando ociosidade da capacidade instalada; e esteve relacionado com a menor renda media e melhor receita municipal. Os cirurgioes-dentistas inscritos no Conselho Regional de Odontologia de Sao Paulo (CRO/SP) acompanharam as melhores condicoes socioeconomicas da populacao. Tem havido, no setor publico, o direcionamento dos recursos humanos e materiais de acordo com as necessidades da populacao, caracterizando-se a equidade do sistema de saude brasileiro. Palavras-chave: indicadores sociais; saude bucal; servicos de atendimento. Summary Socio-economic characteristics of the population were related to the resources of oral health services in the cities of Sao Paulo State, Brazil, at the end of the 20th century. The variables were submitted to a multiple linear regression analysis. The number of professionals in the public oral health system increases as the indicators of income and illiteracy get worse and expenditures in health increase. The number of dental attendants is still inadequate to introduce a new practice of team work in the heath system. In public services, the amount of dental equipment is equivalent to the number of dentists, which can indicate idleness of installed capacity. This variable is related to the lowest average income rate of the population and high income of the city. Dentists registered at the CRO/SP (responsible for the legalization of all oral health professionals in Sao Paulo State) are provided with the best socio-economic conditions. Public policy of oral health services is conducted according to the population needs and these resources are proportionally higher in cities presenting low socio-economic indicators.

Educação pelo trabalho: reorientando a formação de profissionais da saúde

The aim of the study was to analyze what sociodemographic and economic variables were associated with the presence of untreated caries in 12-year-old children in the city of São Paulo. This cross-sectional study had a complex sample design. It was based on secondary data generated by the Levantamento epidemiológico em saúde bucal (Epidemiological Oral Health Survey) in the city of São Paulo, conducted in 2008, whose sample comprised 4,246 12-year-old children from the public and private schools of all the administrative districts of the city. A questionnaire was applied and an epidemiological exam was performed in accordance with the World Health Organizations (WHO) recommendations. The variables of interest were categorized into a dependent variable of untreated dental caries (carious component of the DMFT index that corresponds to carious, missing and filled teeth) and independent variables related to the socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the children and their families, and to their access to dental services. The EPI-INFO 06 and STATA 10 programs were used for the analysis; the prevalence ratio and a confidence interval of 95% were applied to the population parameters. The Poisson regression model was used, adjusted for sampling of the complex type. Caries was associated with ethnicity (higher rate in black people, p=0.042), attending public school (p=0.000), lower average family income (p=0.002), overcrowded dwellings (p=0.000) and presence of pain (p=0.000). Caries is a multifactorial disease influenced by social health determinants that intensify its risk.

Reorganization of secondary and tertiary health care levels: impact on the outcomes of oral cancer screening in the São Paulo State, Brazil

The Health Department of Sao Paulo, Brazil, has developed a Health Necessities Index (HNI) to identify priority areas for providing health assistance. In 2008, a survey of the status of oral health was conducted. The objective of this ecological study was to analyze the status of oral health in relation to the HNI. The variables, stratified by the age of 5, 12 and 15 years old were: percentage of individuals with difficulty of access to dental care services; DMFT and DMFS; prevalence of the need for tooth extraction and treatment of dental caries. Data were analyzed for the 25 Health Technical Supervision Units (HTS). The Statistical Covariance Test was used as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model. A positive correlation was observed between high scores of the HNI and difficulty of access to services. In the HTS with high scores of HNI a higher incidence of dental caries was observed, a greater need for tooth extractions and low caries-free incidence. In order to improve health conditions of the population it is mandatory to prioritize actions in areas of social deprivation.

FATORES PROGNÓSTICOS NO CÂNCER DE BOCA

One of the largest challenges of the universities, especially the public ones, is to transpose the scientific knowledge produced into their walls for the general population. The non-formal education is an important tool, and yet very little used by researchers and professors to approximate the scientific knowledge. The oral cancer reaches more than 11.000 Brazilians a year. In spite of the high incidence, this pathology is still little known by the general population and part of the medical and dental class. Basing on the epidemic data in researches and scientific papers, the oral cancer was the elect theme for the action in education and communication of the first national campaign with no government character of prevention in oral cancer, being a great example of as that can be made. This paper intends to describe the methodology used in communication and the results obtained in this successful experience.