Maria José Nogueira

Análise da distribuição espacial da gravidez adolescente no Município de Belo Horizonte - MG

Georeferencing of health data gains relevance as the analysis and assessments of risks to public health incorporate variables related to the environment and to the socioeconomic profile of the population. Early motherhood does not occur at random within the society. This study aims to identify the spatial dependence of adolescent pregnancy within socioeconomic aspects and social vulnerability. Presuming the existence of a spatial dependence between these facets, the present work used the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. This tool is a collection of techniques which describes and visualizes spatial distributions; identifies atypical circumstances; discovers patterns of spatial association; makes clusters of similar values; and suggests spatial schemes or other forms of spatial heterogeneity. One of the results highlighted is the statistically significant correlation between social vulnerability and the rate of live births for women between 12-19 and 20-29 years of age. The study identified: (a) the presence of clusters with high proportions of teenage mothers associated with poorer socioeconomic conditions; and (b) a decrease in the proportion of teenage mothers in areas of better conditions, in which the highest number of births occurred in the 20-29 years and above 30 age groups. This study may help the organization and planning of actions and strategies in the area of sexual and reproductive health for young and adolescent audiences.

Saúde sexual e reprodutiva de adolescentes: interlocuções com a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE)

Este artigo analisa a saude sexual e reprodutiva de adolescentes, com base em resultados da PeNSE, a partir de tres variaveis comparativas: a) dependencia administrativa (escolas publicas e privadas); b) sexo; c) localidade (Brasil e Belo Horizonte), utilizando proporcoes e intervalos de confianca de 95% (IC95%). A proporcao de escolares que ja tiveram relacao sexual (30,5%) e maior nas escolas publicas do que nas privadas, ocorrendo mais cedo e em dobro para o sexo masculino. Entre os entrevistados, o preservativo nao foi utilizado por 24,1% na ultima relacao sexual, sem diferencas entre sexos e tipo de escola. Constata-se, assim, a necessidade de politicas publicas e compromisso com a promocao da saude sexual e reprodutiva na adolescencia.

Criação compartilhada de um jogo: um instrumento para o diálogo sobre sexualidade desenvolvido com adolescentes

This paper describes the process of developing an educational game in collaboration with adolescents from Cafezal Village, a community of a slum area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The objective of this study was to create a space for dialogue concerning sexuality and teenage pregnancy through workshops in operative groups. The game consisted of: (1) 80 question/answer cards; (2) 15 thinking cards and; (3) 15 territory cards showing public places that belong to Cafezal Village. It was found that the process helped the youth in the construction of knowledge through dialogue and understanding the attitudes of each gender. The process described in this article and the material produced can be used as alternatives to create a healthy and interactive environment to work through the issues related to gender and sexuality within the perspective of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) and the demands of the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS).

A abstração do risco e a concretude dos sujeitos: uma reflexão sobre os comportamentos de risco no contexto da adolescência

In times when a diversity of conditions resulting from unhealthy lifestyles and habits, characteristic of modern lifestyle, the notion of risk behavior becomes more and more present in the discourse and in health practices. In the context of adolescence studies, this issue has been analyzes by a series of investigations related to alcohol and other drugs use, smoking, inadequate diet, sedentary lifestyle, unprotected sexual activity and other behaviors that, when observed among young people, increase the risk to this particular phase of development. This article aims to critically discuss the construction of risk and adolescence as a concept and as an object of investigation in intervention and health care. It is structured as a qualitative study with individual and in depth interviews with 12 adolescents from Lagoa Santa city in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The results point to different personal and emotional aspects raised by the youth usually not included in the research in the area, which nevertheless greatly influences the behavior of adolescents. We conclude that for the improvement and the resolution of public policies and actions towards the theme of risk behaviors, it is necessary to expand the scope of research on the concept of risks and theoretical perspectives that give them support.