Maria Letizia Zanier

Il declino della fecondità nei paesi occidentali

Il progressivo declino della fecondità nei paesi occidentali costituisce un’evidenza nota e ampiamente dibattuta nella letteratura scientifica internazionale. In questa rassegna critica vengono discussi alcuni sviluppi teorici recenti e le relative applicazioni empiriche, in riferimento a diverse discipline: sociologia, demografia, economia, psicologia sociale, sociobiologia. A partire dai dati sulle tendenze in atto, i singoli contributi analitici sono collocati nel quadro di uno schema interpretativo più generale. Così la considerazione dei tratti di omogeneità e discontinuità propri dei differenti contesti nazionali fa emergere il ruolo dei numerosi fattori implicati nel processo di diminuzione della fecondità che accomuna molte di queste realtà territoriali. Al caso italiano è dedicata un’attenzione particolare. Poiché la terminologia impiegata potrebbe in certi casi risultare ambigua per l’eterogeneità degli approcci teorici e dei contributi presentati, proponiamo all’inizio alcune definizioni di concetti-base che ricorrono nella letteratura di riferimento.

The discretionary treatment of drug addiction in prison

Drug addiction has been subjected to political, legal and medical control, oscillating between phases of criminalization and medicalization. In recent decades, the shift emerging in criminal culture towards rehabilitation rather than repression of drug addicts, and the biomedicalization process applied to addiction seems to outline a consistent control model; however, several critical points can be identified. Through a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews, conducted with 15 healthcare professionals involved in the drug treatment of inmates, these critical points have been discussed and basically confirmed. On the one hand, the partial implementation of the rehabilitation model is evident in the organizational difficulties that emerged (scarcity of human resources, limited spaces and lack of sufficient funding), which do not provide a suitable recovery program for all inmates. On the other hand, the medical model seems unable to attenuate stigmatizing attitudes, especially towards several weaker social categories. Finally, biomedicalization remains a general concept, but the treatment process is still oriented towards cognitive-behavioral normalization.

Between Genders and Generations: Migration and Families in Contemporary Italy

In a worldwide context of growing migration, many studies confirm the central role played by the family in the migration plans and strategies of individuals, that is, the decision to emigrate and how. The family also takes on considerable importance in defining subsequent modifications, such as the length and development of the plan to emigrate. According to the literature and recent studies, we find that the migration experience changes social relationships by especially altering intergenerational and gender roles. The change may be limited to family rules, or be extended to affective gender and generation bonds. The family care function takes place in a new social and cultural environment and family bonds must be reconsidered, in light of the cultural, social and economic features of the hosting country. In this regards, Italy is quite an interesting case because of its long history of migration and its recent role as immigration country. These features are discussed, with particular attention to domestic and care work, and women’s (and men’s) roles when participating in Italy´s labour market. The aim is to focus on the Italian situation in light of the literature and recent sociological research in reference to policies and practices.

Lineamenti e tendenze del fenomeno del traffico di persone nell’area Adriatico-Ionica

The human trafficking may be considered a form of slavery widespread in contemporary societies. After facing major socio-criminological theoretical approaches applied to people trafficking within the framework of migratory processes, the paper analyzes the specific features taken from the phenomenon in the Adriatic-Ionian countries. Finally, some contrasting strategies are outlined, highlighting emerging risks linked to these forms of criminality.

Interculturalità, esclusione e sicurezza in uno spazio multietnico

The article refers to international recommendations, legal practices, local experimentations about the Unaccompanied Foreign Children’s condition, with particular attention on the Italian legal frame. In this context, deviance could paradoxically become an integration opportunity and also the resilience appears as possible.