Maria Silvia de Moraes

Avaliação dos resultados de atividades de incentivo à participação da comunidade no controle da dengue em um bairro periférico do Município de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, e da relação entre conhecimentos e práticas desta população

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os resultados de um trabalho educativo desenvolvido em um bairro periferico de Sao Jose do Rio Preto e a relacao existente entre conhecimentos e praticas desta populacao. Previa e posteriormente as atividades educativas, foram realizadas amostragens para medir o grau de conhecimento da populacao sobre dengue, seus vetores, criadouros e medidas de controle, e as quantidades de criadouros potenciais existentes. Pode-se afirmar que houve ganhos de conhecimentos da populacao local em termos da doenca, seus vetores e criadouros, mas nao em termos das medidas adotadas para controle de recipientes. Com relacao aos criadouros, praticamente nao houve alteracoes em suas quantidades entre as duas fases da pesquisa. Portanto, apesar da identificacao de ganhos de conhecimento, nao houve mudancas das praticas da populacao local. Os achados desta pesquisa sao preocupantes, uma vez que o principal resultado a ser alcancado pelo trabalho educativo, a mudanca de praticas em relacao aos criadouros dos vetores da dengue, nao esta sendo viabilizado.

Adolescentes em conflito com a lei

This study is focused on teenagers who behave violently and who are also victims of violence. The data was collected from records of adolescent inmates in São José do Rio Preto. The variables selected were: place of residence, age, education level, type of offense, drugs use, family income, parent education levels, jobs. The findings disclose a social and demographic profile for teenagers around seventeen years old with only elementary education. The most common offence was robbery; followed by theft, homicide, drug dealing, and robbery leading to death. Most of these teenagers smoked tobacco and marijuana, drank alcoholic beverages and took crack. The data indicate a context defined by precarious living conditions where family members have low incomes and poor job skills, together with alcohol abuse. As a result, they help turn teenagers into victims of society. The mother - who typically supports the household - is the strongest presence during the incarceration period, serving as a mediator between the adolescent in conflict with the law, the courts and the community. In view of the high costs of interpersonal violence, it is necessary to develop and implement a municipal strategy for children and adolescents in São José do Rio Preto.

Cesáreas: um perfil epidêmico

A presente investigacao tem como proposito caracterizar a ocorrencia de cesareas entre mulheres, residentes em area urbana, que realizaram partos em hospitais de Sao Jose de Rio Preto no ano de 1992. Selecionada uma amostra de 553 mulheres a partir das Declaracoes de Nascidos Vivos do ano de 1992, procedeu-se a realizacao de um inquerito domiciliar, paralelamente ao levantamento de dados disponiveis nas Declaracoes de Nascidos Vivos. Foi observada uma incidencia de partos cesareos de 80,5%, evidenciando a generalizacao deste procedimento na amostra investigada. Confirmando as suspeitas que nortearam o estudo, as cesareas aumentaram com a paridade e se associaram significativamente com a idade e a realizacao de laqueadura. Foi constatada maior presenca destas praticas nos estratos sociais mais elevados e, de forma correspondente, nos servicos privados e conveniados. O estudo chamou a atencao, ainda, para a veiculacao da cultura das cesareas no espaco do ensino e da midia local, assim como sua valorizacao entre as parturientes entrevistadas.This study characterizes cesarean rates among women giving birth in São José do Rio Preto in 1992. Household interviews were conducted with 553 women selected through records on live births. Estimated incidence of cesarean sections was 80.5%, highlighting the procedures widespread use in the study sample. Confirming a prior hypothesis, cesarean rates increased with parity and were statistically associated with age and tubal ligation. As for socioeconomic status, cesarean rates increased according to income and were higher among women using private health care (with or without health insurance). Interviews with professors in the local medical school and a related survey of the local media showed an increase in the valorization of cesareans. Confirming this trend, women interviewed in the survey expressed their own active valorization of this procedure.

Prevalência do uso de drogas entre escolares do ensino médio do Município de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil

This study investigates the prevalence of drug consumption among secondary school students in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo State, Southeast Brazil, and its distribution in relation to gender and grade in school. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Sao Jose do Rio Preto. A self-applied questionnaire was answered by a proportional sample of 1,041 teenagers enrolled in 9th, 10th, and 11th grades in public schools. Lifetime consumption of psychoactive substances was: alcohol 77%, tobacco 28.7%, solvents 18.1%, marijuana 12.1%, amphetamines 3.7%, cocaine 3.3%, hallucinogens 3.1%, and crack 1.4%. Weekly use of marijuana was the highest (2.8%), followed by solvents (1.3%). Males consumed more alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and crack than females. Nighttime use of tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and hallucinogens was observed. In the present study, prevalence of psychoactive substance use was observed in Sao Jose do Rio Preto at rates similar to those found in other Brazilian studies.

Saúde coletiva, resíduos sólidos urbanos e os catadores de lixo

The article approaches the issues of environmental production and the generation of urban solid residues, in particular the environment and health concept while social representation. From a bibliographical revision it argues the incorporation of the themes of health and environment in the practical field of knowledge and of interconnection with the Public Health. In this context it associates the question of the social exclusion generated by the form of production and consumption of the after-modern society, introducing the garbage collectors as a vulnerable population group.

Avaliação da informação sobre drogas e sua relação com o consumo de substâncias entre escolares

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a percepcao dos adolescentes sobre os programas de prevencao ao uso de drogas, e com quem eles aprendem e conversam sobre as drogas. Relacionar o consumo de drogas com essas informacoes. METODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com questionario anonimo autoaplicado em uma amostra proporcional de 1041 alunos do ensino medio no municipio de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brasil. RESULTADOS: 89,2% dos alunos receberam orientacao sobre drogas na escola. Os meios selecionados para a realizacao de programas de prevencao contra o uso de drogas foram: palestras 83,1%, televisao 72%, jornal 33,7%, cursos 29,3%, cartazes 27,8% e radio 25,8%. Os meios que permitem dialogo e questionamento foram mais bem avaliados, enquanto os apenas informativos foram criticados. Os alunos conversariam sobre drogas principalmente com os proprios pais (56,6%) e os amigos (50,5%), seguidos de profissionais especializados e professores (30,4% e 22,7%, respectivamente). Eles relataram ter aprendido sobre drogas com os pais (66,5%), seguidos dos professores (60%). As revistas e jornais foram selecionados por 51% dos escolares, e os amigos por 41,4%. Foram relacionados a menor taxa de consumo de drogas licitas e ilicitas no ultimo mes, o relato de ter recebido orientacao sobre drogas na escola, e ter aprendido sobre drogas com pais ou professores. CONCLUSAO: Os adolescentes consideram os pais e professores suas fontes de conhecimento sobre drogas, porem preferem conversar a respeito com os pais e amigos. A escola e um local oportuno para abordar o assunto, utilizando para isso estrategias que permitam a reflexao.

Caracterização do consumo de maconha entre escolares do ensino médio de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil, 2003

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o consumo de maconha entre escolares do ensino medio do municipio de Sao Jose do Rio Preto - SP. METODO: Utilizou-se um estudo de corte transversal em escolas publicas do ensino medio com uma amostragem de conglomerados. Foram aplicados 1.041 questionarios autopreenchiveis de maneira coletiva nas classes, mantidos sem identificacao. As variaveis selecionadas foram cruzadas e para a associacao foi realizado o teste do qui-quadrado com nivel de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: As prevalencias do consumo de maconha foram: uso na vida, 12,1%; no ano, 7,4%; no mes, 4,1%; e na semana, 2,9%. O consumo de maconha na vida foi mais prevalente no sexo masculino, periodo escolar noturno, estado civil casado, nao ter ou nao praticar religiao e nao morar com pai e/ou mae. Relacionamento bom com os pais e os pais viverem juntos com bom relacionamento estavam associados a menor consumo de maconha. Dentre as atividades de lazer, aqueles que experimentaram maconha referiram mais sair sem destino certo, ir dancar, frequentar bares e ficar com namorado(a), e menos assistir televisao, sair com a familia e ir ao cinema. Ingerir bebida alcoolica toda semana e usar tabaco estiveram associados a um maior indice de experiencia com maconha. Experimentar maconha relacionou-se com maiores indices de experiencia com anfetaminicos, alucinogenos, cocaina e crack. CONCLUSAO: O consumo de maconha esta relacionado a muitas variaveis. Familia e religiosidade estao associadas a menor consumo de maconha, enquanto desajuste familiar e uso de alcool e tabaco estao associados a maiores indices de consumo da droga.

Impacto do estresse na saúde de cortadores de cana

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the impact of stress on sugar cane cutters and the prevalence of physical and psychological symptoms before and after harvest. METHODS We studied 114 sugarcane cutters and 109 urban workers in the pre-harvest and 102 sugar cane cutters and 81 urban workers in the post-harvest period in the city of Mendonca, SP, Southeastern Brazil, in 2009. Data analysis was based on the frequency and percentage of the assessed symptoms of stress, using the Lipp-ISSL test (Symptoms of Stress for Adults). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Fisher Test was used to compare the variable of stress between pre- and post-harvest within the sugar cane cutter and urban worker groups. P values below 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Stress in sugar cane cutters increased after harvesting (34.2% pre-harvest and 46.1% post-harvest); in urban workers, stress decreased from 44.0% pre-harvest to 42.0% post-harvest. There was prevalence of the phase of resistance to stress for both groups with signs more apparent from the near-exhaustion and exhaustion phases for sugar cane cutters. After harvest, there was a tendency for the number of sugar cane cutters with symptoms of near-exhaustion (6.4%) and exhaustion (10.6%) to increase. After harvest there was a trend for the number of sugar cane cutters with physical symptoms (pre-harvest = 20.5%, post-harvest = 25.5%) and psychological symptoms (pre-harvest = 64.1%; post-harvest = 70.2%) to increase. For both groups, predominantly psychological symptoms occurred in both phases (70.2% versus 64.7%). CONCLUSIONS The work process of cutting cane can cause stress. Individual factors such as cognitive perception of the experience, self-efficacy beliefs and expectations of the employee regarding their performance can influence the understanding of the reactions in their body in face of the work.OBJECTIVE Evaluate the impact of stress on sugar cane cutters and the prevalence of physical and psychological symptoms before and after harvest. METHODS We studied 114 sugarcane cutters and 109 urban workers in the pre-harvest and 102 sugar cane cutters and 81 urban workers in the post-harvest period in the city of Mendonça, SP, Southeastern Brazil, in 2009. Data analysis was based on the frequency and percentage of the assessed symptoms of stress, using the Lipp-ISSL test (Symptoms of Stress for Adults). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Fisher Test was used to compare the variable of stress between pre- and post-harvest within the sugar cane cutter and urban worker groups. P values below 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Stress in sugar cane cutters increased after harvesting (34.2% pre-harvest and 46.1% post-harvest); in urban workers, stress decreased from 44.0% pre-harvest to 42.0% post-harvest. There was prevalence of the phase of resistance to stress for both groups with signs more apparent from the near-exhaustion and exhaustion phases for sugar cane cutters. After harvest, there was a tendency for the number of sugar cane cutters with symptoms of near-exhaustion (6.4%) and exhaustion (10.6%) to increase. After harvest there was a trend for the number of sugar cane cutters with physical symptoms (pre-harvest = 20.5%, post-harvest = 25.5%) and psychological symptoms (pre-harvest = 64.1%; post-harvest = 70.2%) to increase. For both groups, predominantly psychological symptoms occurred in both phases (70.2% versus 64.7%). CONCLUSIONS The work process of cutting cane can cause stress. Individual factors such as cognitive perception of the experience, self-efficacy beliefs and expectations of the employee regarding their performance can influence the understanding of the reactions in their body in face of the work.

Questões socioeconômicas, laborais e de saúde na cadeia produtiva do agronegócio da cana-de-açúcar na região do Noroeste Paulista

OBJECTIVES: to characterize the socioeconomic profile, the motivation and the perception of the impact of the labor in relations to health, and the role of the health system for the migrant cane-cutting workers. METHOD: a transversal-descriptive study based on a sample population. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire applied to 112 migrant cane cutters in the city of Mendonca, Sao Paulo, in 2009, covering the categories of labor, health care and access to services. RESULTS: most of the cutters (90%) came from Northeast region of Brazil; young people aged between 18 and 30 years old (75%), most of them (86%) considered salary and formal employment the two great motivators for this type of job. The majority (92%) considered themselves healthy, 48% experienced pain in their body due to tiredness. Although 39% used the services of Medical Health Unit of Mendonca, most had no access to care due to incompatible hours of operation of the establishment and the clearances of the cutters, and a large part (87%) made use of self-medication. DISCUSSION: the motivation of young people for formal employment and wage induces the perception of tiredness and body aches as integral elements of the job. Together with the requirement of high productivity, painfulness of labor, lack of transfer of funds to the health sector and the difficulty of access to health services, which can stimulate self-medication; generate a reality that hinder the implementation of public policies for employees.

Evaluación corporal y modificación de la apariencia física en adolescentes de bajo poder adquisitivo

In his work we aim at id entifying techniques and behaviors used by poor adolescences to change their appearance. We developed an exploratory and transversal study by using structured questionnaires. The sample was composed by 287 high school students, from both periods (day and night) of a school located in a region of low socio-economic status. Results indicate a tendency to body satisfaction and to the practice of regular physical activity as the most frequent way of taking care of the body among boys. However, concerning to the girls, diets are most common technique to change their appearance. A signifi cant difference regarding the body satisfaction and employability was found among those who study and work. We did not fi nd any association regarding the structure of the family. The results indicate that the students in our study do not want to compromise their health in order achieve a “perfect body”.El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las tecnicas y comportamientos de adolescentes de bajo poder adquisitivo para modificar la apariencia fisica. La investigacion e exploratoria, transversal y se valio de cuestionarios estructurados. La muestra se compuso por 287 alumnos de ensenanza media, periodos diurno y nocturno, de una escuela localizada en region de bajo indice socioeconomico. Los resultados senalaron tendencia a la satisfaccion con el cuerpo ademas de indicar que los recursos mas frecuentes para modificar la apariencia es la practica de actividades fisicas entre los chicos y las dietas alimentares entre las chicas. Se encontro una diferencia significante en cuanto a la empleabilidad y a la satisfaccion con el cuerpo, pero no en relacion a la estructura familiar. La poblacion estudiada no se mostro dispuesta a poner su salud en riesgo para corresponder a los estandares esteticos vigentes.