María Teresa Domínguez

Cadmium availability in soil and retention in oak roots: potential for phytostabilization

Afforestation of contaminated land by trees is considered as a feasible strategy for the extensive stabilization of contaminants. In this work, we studied the patterns of metal availability (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in a contaminated and afforested area. Specifically, we observed the response of Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) leaves to changes in the availability of metals under field conditions, focusing on Cd. Under controlled conditions we studied the performance of oak seedlings exposed to high levels of Cd, with the aim of analyzing the patterns of translocation and tolerance of the seedlings. Cadmium was the most available metal, in relative terms; 15% of the total Cd in the soil was extracted with NH4NO3. The availabilities of Cd, Cu and Zn showed exponential relationships with soil pH (pH values ranged from 2.4 to 8.4). Cadmium accumulation in the leaves was not related to the changes in Cd availability. Greenhouse studies showed that seedlings had a high Cd retention capacity in fine roots (up to 7 gkg(-1)) and low rates of Cd translocation to the leaves (transfer coefficients below 0.03). Root biomass and thickness was altered by exposure to Cd. In spite of this, the chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (an indicator of plant stress) only differed slightly from the control treatment at a Cd dose of 200 mgL(-1). Due to the relatively high tolerance to Cd and the capacity of roots to retain this metal, Holm oak may be useful for the phytostabilization of soils contaminated by Cd.

Relationships between leaf morphological traits, nutrient concentrations and isotopic signatures for Mediterranean woody plant species and communities

Background and aimsSoil factors are driving forces that influence spatial distribution and functional traits of plant species. We test whether two anchor morphological traits—leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC)—are significantly related to a broad range of leaf nutrient concentrations in Mediterranean woody plant species. We also explore the main environmental filters (light availability, soil moisture and soil nutrients) that determine the patterns of these functional traits in a forest stand.MethodsFour morphological and 19 chemical leaf traits (macronutrients and trace elements and δ13C and δ15N signatures) were analysed in 17 woody plant species. Community-weighted leaf traits were calculated for 57 plots within the forest. Links between LMA, LDMC and other leaf traits were analysed at the species and the community level using standardised major axis (SMA) regressionsResultsLMA and LDMC were significantly related to many leaf nutrient concentrations, but only when using abundance-weighted values at community level. Among-traits links were much weaker for the cross-species analysis. Nitrogen isotopic signatures were useful to understand different resource-use strategies. Community-weighted LMA and LDMC were negatively related to light availability, contrary to what was expected.ConclusionCommunity leaf traits have parallel shifts along the environmental factors that determine the community assembly, even though they are weakly related across individual taxa. Light availability is the main environmental factor determining this convergence of the community leaf traits.

Evaluation of pastures for horses grazing on soils polluted by trace elements

Pasture established on polluted soil may pose a risk to grazing livestock creating a requirement for mechanical management which may affect biodiversity and expend energy. The risk associated with managing pasture by grazing horses (non-edible livestock) is being assessed in the Guadiamar Valley (SW Spain), where soils are polluted with trace elements following a major pollution incident. Soil pollution does not affect biomass production or floristic composition of pasture, although both variables influence trace element accumulation in herbage. Element concentrations in herbage are below maximum tolerable limits for horses. Faecal analysis showed regulated absorption of essential elements, while non-essential elements seemed preferentially excreted. Elemental content of horse hair did not differ in animals from polluted and control pastures. If pastures are managed by grazing, periodic monitoring is recommended in view of the long-term chronic trace element exposure in these systems.

Response of Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) and mastic shrub (Pistacia lentiscus L.) seedlings to high concentrations of Cd and Tl in the rhizosphere

The impairment of root growth and photosynthetical functioning are the main impacts of trace elements on woody plant seedlings. In this work, we assessed the response of Holm oak (Quercusilex subsp. ballota) and mastic shrub (Pistacia lentiscus) seedlings to high concentrations of Cd and Tl in the rhizosphere. These are non-essential trace elements, with a potential high mobility in the soil-plant system. Seedlings of these species are frequently used in the afforestation of degraded soils in mining areas. Plants were exposed to different levels of Cd (20, 80 and 200 mg L(-1)) and Tl (2, 10 and 20 mg L(-1)) in a sand culture. Biomass allocation, growth rates, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange were studied. Both metals affected root biomass. Cadmium produced an increase in the root mass ratio and a decrease in the specific leaf area of the plants in oak seedlings, while Tl did not provoke such response. Mastic plants were more sensitive to Tl and Cd than oak plants. Between elements, Tl provoked more severe toxic effects in the plants, affecting the antennae complexes and reaction centers of the photosystem II. Both elements decreased net assimilation rates (down to a 20% of the control plants) and stomatal conductance (5-10% of the values for the control plants). Cadmium was highly retained in the roots of both species, while Tl was highly translocated into the leaves. In general, Holm oak showed a higher tolerance for Cd than for Tl, and a higher resistance to both metals than mastic shrub, due to a high capacity for Cd retention at the root level. However, such accumulation in roots may induce water stress in the seedling exposed to Cd.

Experimental evidence for drought induced alternative stable states of soil moisture

Ecosystems may exhibit alternative stable states (ASS) in response to environmental change. Modelling and observational data broadly support the theory of ASS, however evidence from manipulation experiments supporting this theory is limited. Here, we provide long-term manipulation and observation data supporting the existence of drought induced alternative stable soil moisture states (irreversible soil wetting) in upland Atlantic heath, dominated by Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Manipulated repeated moderate summer drought, and intense natural summer drought both lowered resilience resulting in shifts in soil moisture dynamics. The repeated moderate summer drought decreased winter soil moisture retention by ~10%. However, intense summer drought, superimposed on the experiment, that began in 2003 and peaked in 2005 caused an unexpected erosion of resilience and a shift to an ASS; both for the experimental drought manipulation and control plots, impairing the soil from rewetting in winter. Measurements outside plots, with vegetation removal, showed no evidence of moisture shifts. Further independent evidence supports our findings from historical soil moisture monitoring at a long-term upland hydrological observatory. The results herald the need for a new paradigm regarding our understanding of soil structure, hydraulics and climate interaction.

Improving sustainability in the remediation of contaminated soils by the use of compost and energy valorization by Paulownia fortunei

The plantation of fast growing trees in contaminated sites, in combination with the use of organic wastes, could partially solve a dual environmental problem: the disposal of these wastes and the improvement of soil quality in these degraded soils. This study evaluated the effects of two compost on the quantity and quality of Paulownia fortunei biomass and on syngas production by biomass gasification, produced by plants growing on trace elements contaminated soils. Compost increased biomass production to values similar to those produced in non-contaminated soils, due to the improvement in plant nutritional status. Moreover, biomass quality for gasification was increased by compost addition. Trace element accumulation in the biomass was relatively low and not related to biomass production or the gas quality obtained through gasification. Thus, P. fortunei plantations could pose an opportunity to improve the economic balance of the revegetation of contaminated soils, given that other commercial uses such as food or fodder crop production is not recommended in these soils.

Facilitating the afforestation of Mediterranean polluted soils by nurse shrubs.

The revegetation of polluted sites and abandoned agricultural soils is critical to reduce soil losses and to control the spread of soil pollution in the Mediterranean region, which is currently exposed to the greatest soil erosion risk in Europe. However, events of massive plant mortality usually occur during the first years after planting, mainly due to the adverse conditions of high irradiance and drought stress. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of considering the positive plant-plant interactions (facilitation effect) in the afforestation of polluted agricultural sites, using pre-existing shrubs as nurse plants. We used nurse shrubs as planting microsites for acorns of Quercus ilex (Holm oak) along a gradient of soil pollution in southwestern Spain, and monitored seedling growth, survival, and chemical composition during three consecutive years. Seedling survival greatly increased (from 20% to more than 50%) when acorns were sown under shrub, in comparison to the open, unprotected matrix. Facilitation of seedling growth by shrubs increased along the gradient of soil pollution, in agreement with the stress gradient hypothesis that predicts higher intensity of the facilitation effects with increasing abiotic stress. Although the accumulation of trace elements in seedling leaves was higher underneath shrub, the shading conditions provided by the shrub canopy allowed seedlings to cope with the toxicity provoked by the concurrence of low pH and high trace element concentrations in the most polluted sites. Our results show that the use of shrubs as nurse plants is a promising tool for the cost-effective afforestation of polluted lands under Mediterranean conditions.

The potential of native species as bioenergy crops on trace-element contaminated Mediterranean lands

The establishment of energy crops could be an option for the management of degraded and contaminated lands, where they would not compete with food production for land use. Here, we aimed to explore the potential of certain native Mediterranean species for the revegetation of contaminated lands for energy production purposes. A field survey was conducted in a trace-element (TE) contaminated area from SW Spain, where the patterns of biomass production, TE accumulation and the calorific value of some thistle species were analyzed along a soil contamination gradient. In a greenhouse experiment the response of two thistle species (Cynara cardunculus and Silybum marianum) and the shrub Dittrichia viscosa to soil contamination was assessed, as well as the effects of these species on some soil microbial parameters involved in nutrient cycling (enzyme activities and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in roots). Silybum marianum was able to colonize highly contaminated soils. Its aboveground biomass accumulated Cd and had a relatively high calorific value; this value was similar in biomass obtained from both heavily and moderately contaminated soils. Greenhouse experiment confirmed that S. marianum biomass production and calorific value is scarcely affected by soil contamination. In addition, some soil enzyme activities were clearly enhanced in the S. marianum rhizosphere. Dittrichia viscosa is another promising species, given its capacity to produce a high biomass with appreciable calorific value in acid contaminated soils. Germination of both species was hampered in the acid contaminated soil, and therefore soil pH correction would have to be accomplished before establishing these species on extremely acid soils. Further assessment of the risk of transfer of Cd and other TE to the food chain would be needed to confirm the suitability of these species for the revegetation of contaminated lands with energy production purposes.

Depredación de semillas de alcornoque (Quercus suber) y quejigo (Q. canariensis): una aproximación experimental

Tesis llevada a cabo para conseguir el grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Complutense de Madrid.--2018-01-15.--Sobresaliente cum laudeContiene 7 documentos (1. Objetivos, alcance y publicaciones. 2. Registro y codigo) y 5 con el softwareespanolLas ciber amenazas afectan a todo tipo de organizaciones, causando frecuentes y costosos impactos globalmente. Recientemente, han surgido productos de ciberseguro con el potencial de reducir el impacto de los riesgos en el ciberespacio. Sin embargo, aun tienen que madurar. En este articulo presentamos varios modelos de analisis de riesgos que podrian facilitar la implantacion y adopcion de ciberseguros. Estos modelos, descritos como diagramas de influencia y diagramas de influencia bi-agente, aportan un marco para estimar el impacto economico de los ciber riesgos a los que se enfrentan aseguradores y asegurados, asi como tambien para calcular sus estrategias optimas de mitigacion y transferencia del riesgo. EnglishCyber threats affect all kinds of organisations with frequent and costly impacts worldwide. Cyber insurance products have recently emerged with the potential of lowering the impact of cyberspace risks. However, they have yet to mature. In this paper we present several risk analysis models that may facilitate the implementation and adoption of cyber insurance. These models, described in terms of influence diagrams and bi-agent influence diagrams, provide a framework for estimating the economic impact of cyber risks that may face insurers and insurees as well as calculating their optimal risk mitigation and transfer strategies.Trabajo presentado a la III Iberoamerican Conference on Supercritical Fluids celebrada en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) del 1 al 5 de abril de 2013.Trabajo presentado a la 26th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, celebrada en Kyoto (Japon) del 17 al 22 de octubre de 2016.The Joint Iberian Meeting on Atomic and Molecular Physics (IBER), Barcelona, September 12-14th, 2017. -- http://iber2017.com/index.phpPoster presentado en el 10o Congreso de la Asociacion Iberica de Endocrinologia Comparada AIEC, celebrado en Castellon, Espana, del 23 al 25 de septiembre de 2015Resumen del trabajo presentado a la XI Reunion del Grupo de Microbiologia Molecular, celebrada en Sevilla del 6 al 8 de septiembre de 2016.Chinchilla-Rodriguez, Zaida; Miguel, Sandra; Perianes-Rodriguez, Antonio; Ovalle-Perandones, Antonia; Olmeda-Gomez, Carlos. (2016). Autonomy vs. dependency of scientific collaboration in scientific performance . 21st International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators, STI2016. Valencia, Spain, 14-16 September 2016XXV National Spectroscopy Meeting (XXV RNE), IX Iberian Spectroscopy Conference (IX CIE), Alicante, 20th-22nd July, 2016Resumen del trabajo presentado a la 43rd International Conference on Micro and Nano Engineering (MNE), celebrada en Braga (Portugal) del 18 al 22 de septiembre de 2017.Contiene 7 documentos (1. Objetivos, alcance y publicaciones. 2. Registro, interface y codigo) y 5 con el softwarePoster presentado en el congreso 4th SCARCE International Conference, celebrado en Cadiz, Espana el 25 y 26 de noviembre de 2013We present a Cultural Heritage conceptual data model built under the European INSPIRE ( Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community ) Directive. Our model develops the Data Specification on Protected Sites , part of the INSPIRE Annex I. Hence its orientation towards georeferenced heritage data. The data model has been developed by an interdisciplinary group made up of specialists in the field of Geomatics and Cultural Heritage. It is our aim to achieve a generic, extendable and interoperable schema. It should be generic enough to embrace all kind of protected heritage data, from an ancient pilgrim’s way to the last artifact found in an archaeological excavation, extendable to allow any kind of data producer to adapt the model to the nature of their own information and interoperable to combine spatial data sets from different sources through network services, via Internet. The achievement of these three characteristics features international norms and standards referred to our kind of data. This implies adaptation to INSPIRE as well as to several ISO norms: ISO 19100 series regarding geographical information, ISO 21127 (CIDOC-CRM Model) for heritage thematic data and ISO 15836 (Dublin Core) for document resources. The data model comprehends two main dimensions: cultural entities in a strict sense, and the legislative figures created to protect them. This allows for the representation of cultural objects (i.e. historical buildings or archaeological sites) and their link to their legislative protection, keeping them as separate realities. In order to describe the data model, an international common language has been used: UML (Unified Modeling Language), a standard itself. Thus, we present a class-diagram depicting all legal and cultural entities, in the form of classes with their corresponding relations, attributes, constraints and stereotypes.Trabajo presentado en el 11th Spanish-Italian Symposium on Organic Chemistry SISOC-XI celebrado en San Sebastian (Espana), del 13 al 15 de julio de 2016.Trabajo presentado en el XVIII Congreso Peruano de Geologia, celebrado en Lima (Peru), del 16 al 19 de octubre de 2016Poster presentado en las XXXIII Jornadas de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia, celebradas en Almeria, del 15 al 18 de noviembre de 2017This research has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through research projects POSTFIRE (CGL2013-47862-C2-1-R) and GEOFIRE (CGL2012-38655-C04-01)The main contribution of this work is the improvement of the efficiency of a PEMFC power system while guaranteeing conditions that also improve its durability. Adopting the NMPC scheme with the distributed parameter model and the nonlinear observer, the efficiency of the PEMFC-based system can be maximized guaranteeing at the same time the appropriate internal gas concentration profiles to avoid global and local hydrogen and oxygen starvation and proper membrane humidification.Trabajo presentado en la 13a Reunion de la Red Espanola de Bacterias Lacticas (RedBAL), celebrada en Madrid (Espana) del 17 al 18 de junio de 2019Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Uxue Tilves Matheu para obtener el titulo de Doctora en Ciencias del Mar por la Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), realizada bajo la direccion de la Dra. Ana Maria Sabates Freijo y de la Dra. Veronica Lorena Fuentes del Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC).-- 149 pages, appendicesTrabajo presentado por Nuria Vallverdu Coll para la obtencion del grado de Master universitario en investigacion basica y aplicada en recursos cinegeticos, realizado en el Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegeticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM).Resumen del poster presentado a la 7th International Conference on Polyphenols and Health, celebrada en Tours (Francia) del 27 al 30 de octubre de 2015.Trabajo financiado con el Proyecto DR3AMCGL2014-55118 del MINECO (Proyecto coordinado del proyecto SALTACRES).Trabajo presentado en el Congreso Iberoamericano de Hidrogeno y Pilas de Combustible, celebrado en Barcelona (Espana) del 15 al 17 de octubre de 2014.El presente articulo describe el empleo del flujo de diseno basado en modelos para el desarrollo de bloques reconfigurables automaticamente para el procesado de imagenes sobre FPGA. Para ello se han concebido arquitecturas hardware que aprovechan caracteristicas especificas de algunos algoritmos de procesado y que pueden ser modificadas a traves de un novedoso procedimiento software. Este aspecto, unido a las restantes opciones de parametrizacion de los diferentes modulos, permite liberar al disenador de los detalles especificos de las implementaciones hardware asi como adaptar el consumo de recursos del FPGA a las necesidades de la aplicacion. El proceso de reconfiguracion automatica se ilustra con el bloque de convolucion generico realizando comparaciones entre implementaciones de diferentes arquitecturas sobre un FPGA Spartan-6 LX45.Trabajo presentado en el 8th European Meeting on Solar Chemistry and Photocatalysis, celebrado en Salonica (Grecia) del 25 al 28 de Junio de 2014.Resumen del poster presentado a las I Jornadas Cientificas del CIAL celebradas el 5 de junio de 2014 en Madrid.-- et al.Trabajo presentado en el 4th International Conodont Symposium, celebrado en Valencia (Espana), del 25 al 30 de junio de 2017Comunicacion presentada en el Aquaculture Europe 2014, celebrado en Donostia-San Sebastian, Espana, del 14 al 17 de octubre de 2014Triptico de la reunion celebrada en la Universidad de Murcia del 12 al 14 de Noviembre de 2015.Trabajo presentado en la 11a Reunion de la Red Espanola de Bacterias Lacticas (RedBAL), celebrada en Gijon (Asturias, Espana) del 28 al 30 de Junio de 2017Trabajo Fin de Master: Master en Catalisis Homogenea y Quimica Molecular. Grupo de Cristales liquidos y Polimeros, Departamento de Quimica Organica de la Universidad de Zaragoza (Curso 2014/2015).La elaboracion de este articulo se inscribe en el proyecto de investigacion “Innovacion oculta: cambio de paradigma en los estudios de innovacion” (FFI2011-25475), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espana.Poster presented at the 18th International Microscopy Congress (ICM 2014) that took place in Prague (Czech Republic) during 7-12th September 2014.Esta investigacion ha sido posible gracias a la financiacion de los proyectos del Plan Nacional CGL2012-36682 y CGL2016-75109-P del Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, y al Convenio Principado de Asturias-Universidad de Oviedo y MNCN-CSIC.Resumen del poster presentado a la 10th International Conference one Carbon Metabolism, vitamins B and Homocysteine, celebrada en Nancy (Francia) del 7 al 11 de julio de 2015.La celulosa es la fuente de energia mas abundante que hay en la Tierra. Su transformacion en glucosa se considera la etapa mas importante en la produccion de biocombustibles a partir de biomasa lignocelulosica. Para esta transformacion es necesaria la accion sinergica de tres tipos de enzimas que hidrolizan los enlaces s-1,4 de la celulosa: (i) las endoglucanasas, que actuan al azar sobre enlaces internos, (ii) las celobiohidrolasas, que operan progresivamente por los extremos reductores y no reductores de la cadena, y (iii) las s-glucosidasas (BGL), que hidrolizan celobiosa y los celooligosacaridos mas pequenos hasta glucosa. Los hongos filamentosos son la principal fuente de celulasas, siendo los crudos del genero Trichoderma los mas estudiados y comercializados historicamente. Sin embargo, estos hongos secretan niveles insuficientes de BGL para una conversion efectiva de la celulosa, por lo que con frecuencia requieren ser suplementados con preparaciones ricas en esta enzima procedentes de otros hongos. Recientemente, se han descrito cepas de Penicillium con gran capacidad para secretar altos niveles de BGL al medio extracelular. Ademas de su papel en la hidrolisis de la celulosa las BGL tambien pueden emplearse para sintetizar compuestos de interes industrial mediante reacciones de transglicosilacion. En este trabajo se ha estudiado una nueva cepa fungica productora de celulasas, identificada como Talaromyces amestolkiae, en base a un analisis molecular y morfologico. Se han purificado a homogeneidad electroforetica tres BGL (BGL-1, BGL-2 y BGL-3) secretadas por el hongo y se han caracterizado bioquimicamente. BGL-1 y BGL-2 son proteinas monomericas, mientras que BGL-3 es un dimero funcional. Los valores de actividad maxima de estas enzimas se obtuvieron a pH 4,0 y entre 50-60 oC, siendo estables en un rango de pH de 4-7 y a 50 oC. Las tres mostraron distinto comportamiento en funcion del sustrato (pNPG o celobiosa), ensayandose tambien el efecto de determinados compuestos quimicos e inhibidores en su actividad. Las tres pueden hidrolizar celooligosacaridos de diferente longitud, disminuyendo la eficacia de hidrolisis con el aumento de la polimerizacion, y no son activas frente a polisacaridos. Ademas, mostraron actividad de transglicosilacion, formando alquilglicosidos y celooligosacaridos de mayor longitud que los usados como sustratos. Las tres BGL se identificaron mediante huella peptidica y en base la alta homologia con otras BGL fungicas relacionadas filogeneticamente, se disenaron cebadores especificos que permitieron la secuenciacion de los genes que codifican cada una de ellas. El analisis de las secuencias aminoacidicas mostro que BGL-1 es miembro de la familia 1 de las glicosil hidrolasas, mientras que BGL-2 y BGL-3 pertenecen a la familia 3. Teniendo en cuenta que existen pocas BGL fungicas cristalizadas, se construyeron modelos moleculares de estas ultimas en base a las estructuras con las que presentaron mayor identidad. El crudo enzimatico de T. amestolkiae, rico en BGL, se uso de forma individual y como suplemento de otros cocteles comerciales en experimentos de sacarificacion a partir de slurry acido de paja de trigo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el hongo secreta, ademas de celulasas, otras enzimas complementarias que potencian la liberacion de azucares fermentables. Se analizo el secretoma de T. amestolkiae usando Avicel o slurry acido de paja de trigo como fuente de carbono. Las celulasas fueron las enzimas mas abundantes en ambas condiciones, sin embargo, en el crudo obtenido a partir de los cultivos en slurry aumento la proporcion de BGL y otras enzimas distintas a las celulasas, indicando que para la degradacion de un sustrato complejo es necesaria mayor diversidad enzimatica. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo abren nuevas vias para la formulacion de cocteles enzimaticos eficaces en el contexto de la degradacion de la biomasa lignocelulosica.Trabajo presentado en el 4th International Congress on Ichnology - ICHNIA 2016: Ichnology for the 21st century: (Palaeo) Biological Traces towards Sustainable Development, celebrado en Idanha-a-Nova (Portugal), del 6 al 9 de mayo de 2016Resumen del trabajo presentado al Joint European Magnetic Symposia (JEMS), celebrado en Glasgow (UK) del 21 al 26 de agosto de 2016.Vazquez, J. T. ... et. al.-- Inciativa Iberica para el Estudio de las Fallas Activas, Tercera Reunion Iberica sobre Fallas Activas y Paleosismologia IBERFAULT 2018 - Third Iberian Meeting on Active Faults and Paleoseismology, 11-13 June 2018, Alicante, Spain.-- 4 pages, 2 figuresLa infeccion temprana por Verticillium dahliae en olivar y la discriminacion entre niveles de severidad de la Verticilosis es viable mediante la utilizacion de imagenes termicas, multiespectrales e hiperespectrales adquiridas con vehiculos aereos no tripulados a escala de parcela o tripulados a escala de comarca. El indicador relacionado con la temperatura de copa (CWSI), indices de reflectancia (B, BG1, BR1) y la fluorescencia clorofilica (FLD3) se identifican como buenos indicadores para detectar la Verticilosis en etapas tempranas del desarrollo de la enfermedad, mientras que NDVI, PRI515, R/G, HI e indices de estimacion de clorofila y carotenos demuestran ser buenos indicadores para la cuantificacion de dano moderado o severo causada por Verticilosis, lo que puede ser de utilidad para el diseno de estrategias de control de la Verticilosis a escala de parcela y de comarca. La infeccion temprana por Verticillium dahliae en olivar y la discriminacion entre niveles de severidad de la Verticilosis es viable mediante la utilizacion de imagenes termicas, multiespectrales e hiperespectrales adquiridas con vehiculos aereos no tripulados a escala de parcela o tripulados a escala de comarca. El indicador relacionado con la temperatura de copa (CWSI), indices de reflectancia (B, BG1, BR1) y la fluorescencia clorofilica (FLD3) se identifican como buenos indicadores para detectar la Verticilosis en etapas tempranas del desarrollo de la enfermedad, mientras que NDVI, PRI515, R/G, HI e indices de estimacion de clorofila y carotenos demuestran ser buenos indicadores para la cuantificacion de dano moderado o severo causada por Verticilosis, lo que puede ser de utilidad para el diseno de estrategias de control de la Verticilosis a escala de parcela y de comarca. El olivo (Olea europaea L.) es el cultivo lenoso no tropical que ocupa mayor superficie en todo el mundo, con el 95% de la produccion mundial localizada en la cuenca mediterranea. Espana es el pais con mayor superficie de olivar del mundo con 2,6 MHa y aproximadamente el 39% de la produccion mundial. La Verticilosis, causada por el hongo de suelo Verticillium dahliae Kleb, constituye la principal amenaza para el olivar. Esta enfermedad afecta al olivo en todos los paises de tradicion olivarera y causa importantes perdidas de rendimiento y muerte de los arboles (Jimenez-Diaz y col., 2012). Este patogeno coloniza el sistema vascular de la planta, bloqueando el flujo del agua y finalmente induciendo estres hidrico (Van Alfen, 1989).Espana es el mayor productor de citricos de la Union Europea y el quinto a nivel mundial, con una produccion anual superior a cinco millones de toneladas (MAGRAMA, 2016). Este sector genera una gran cantidad de subproductos, con un elevado aporte energetico y alto contenido en pectinas y azucares, por lo que podrian usarse como materias primas en dietas para rumiantes. Sin embargo, los subproductos de citricos son muy diversos, por lo que su composicion quimica y valor nutritivo tambien puede ser variable (FEDNA, 2010; Feedipedia, 2016). El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la composicion quimica y la produccion de gas in vitro de subproductos de citricos producidos en nuestro pais.Resumen del trabajo presentado a las I Jornadas Cientificas del CIAL celebradas el 5 de junio de 2014 en Madrid.The Indian Summer Monsoon onset is one of the meteorological events most anticipated in the world. Due to its relevance for the population, the India Meteorological Department has dated the onset over the southern tip of the Indian Peninsula (Kerala) since 1901. The traditional method to date the onset was based in the judgment of skilled meteorologist and because of this, the method was considered subjective and not adequate for the study of long-term changes in the onset.Resumen del poster presentado a las I Jornadas Cientificas del CIAL celebradas el 5 de junio de 2014 en Madrid.Trabajo presentado en el European Workshop on Experimental and Behavioral Economics (EWEBE), organizado por la Universidad de Bologna los dias 26 y 27 de mayo de 2017 con el titulo: The impact of deliberative structures on voting behavio.--Trabajo presentado en los Bilkent Microeconomics Seminars organizados por la Bilkent University (Ankara, Turkey) el dia 29 de noviembre de 2017La compacidad del racimo es un rasgo de gran interes en la vid, dado que puede condicionar su calidad y rendimiento. Estos efectos se producen fundamentalmente a traves de su relacion, directa o indirecta, con la arquitectura del racimo, el comportamiento reproductivo y el grado o modo de exposicion de las bayas al ambiente. Respecto a los dos primeros, en un estudio previo, determinamos que tanto la longitud del raquis y sus primeras ramas como el numero de bayas por racimo son los caracteres con mayor incidencia en la compacidad entre los analizados. Ahora bien, el estudio de la base genetica responsable del numero de bayas requiere de su diseccion previa, dado que es una variable secundaria, resultado del numero de flores por inflorescencia y de la tasa de cuajado o conversion de flor en fruto. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio preliminar en el que se han caracterizado fenotipicamente 104 variedades de vid para estudiar su comportamiento reproductivo. Asi, sobre una base amplia de diversidad varietal, se han estimado variables como el numero de flores, la tasa de cuajado, corrimiento, millerandage, etc., evaluando su posible relacion con la compacidad del racimo. Este trabajo, una vez completado durante varios anos, permitira conocer la diversidad existente para el comportamiento reproductivo en la vid, asi como, de forma mas concreta, abordar la caracterizacion de los procesos geneticos responsables de las diferencias fenotipicas detectadas para el comportamiento reproductivo y sus elementos individuales y para la compacidad del racimo, identificando los posibles genes involucrados en dichos procesos.Trabajo presentado en la 11th International Conference on Grapevine Breeding and Genetics, celebrada en Pekin del 29 de julio al 2 de agosto de 2014.The Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (PHI) is the first deep-space solar spectropolarimeter, on-board the Solar Orbiter (SO) space mission. It faces: stringent requirements on science data accuracy, a dynamic environment, and severe limitations on telemetry volume. SO/PHI overcomes these restrictions through on-board instrument calibration and science data reduction, using dedicated firmware in FPGAs. This contribution analyses the accuracy of a data processing pipeline by comparing the results obtained with SO/PHI hardware to a reference from a ground computer. The results show that for the analysed pipeline the error introduced by the firmware implementation is well below the requirements of SO/PHI.This work has been financed within the framework of the projects P/309307 Arqueoastronomia of the IAC, and Orientatio ad sidera III (AYA2011-26759) of the Spanish MINECO. ACGG is Ramon y Cajal researcher of the MINECO.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el proyecto RECUPERA 2020 del MINECO y EU-FEDER; y por el proyecto TRANS·FORMA (PP.TRA.TAA201600.9). La investigacion realizada por E. Rodriguez ha sido realizada gracias al programa DOC-INIA (INIA-FEDER).Trabajo presentado en el XXIV Congreso Iberoamericano de Catalisis (CICat 2014), “Catalisis para Biorrefineria”, celebrado en Medellin del 11 al 13 de septiembre de 2014.2 paginas y 1 tabla.- Trabajo presentado en el IX Congreso de Mejora Genetica de Plantas celebrado en Murcia entre el 18 y el 20 de septiembre de 2018.3 paginas, 1 tabla, 1 figura.--Trabajo presentado a las XVI Jornadas sobre Produccion Animal AIDA (Zaragoza, 19 al 20 de mayo, 2015).Poster presentado en el XVI International Clay Conference from the Oceans to Space Granada, Spain, July 17-21, (2017)XIII Reunion Iberica de Algas Toxicas y Biotoxinas Marinas (REDIBAL 2018) - XIII Reunion Iberica de Fitoplancton Toxico - XIII Iberian Toxic Algae and Marine Biotoxins Meeting, VI Simposio Internacional de Ciencias del Mar - VI International Symposium of Marine Sciences (ISMS 2018), 20- 22 June 2018, Vigo.-- 2 pagesThis research was financed with project AGL2011-22783 granted by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness. M.C. Soto was supported by a CONACYT (Mexican Council of Sciences and Technology) doctoral fellowship.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (grants CGL2012-36251 and CGL2015-64727-P to X.B., and BFU2010-15906 to JLM), and Catalan Government (2014 SGR 619). The research has also benefited from FEDER funds.Trabajo presentado en el IX International Symposium on Grapevine Physiology and Biotechnology, celebrado en La Serena (Chile) del 21 al 26 de abril de 2013.5 paginas, 4 figuras, 1 tabla.--Trabajo presentado a las: XLI Jornadas Cientificas y XVII Jornadas Internacionales de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia. (Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Espana, 14-16 septiembre, 2016).Se presenta una revisión histórica de los equinodermos Ordovícicos de Portugal. Todos los registros conocidos hasta el momento pertenecen al Ordovícico Medio-Superior (Darriwiliense-Katiense) y las asociaciones presentan gran diversidad aunque en general los taxones están poco o mal conocidos. La mayor parte de los yacimientos se concentran en las regiones de Amêndoa-Mação y Buçaco, aunque también existen citas de equinodermos en Arouca, Dornes, Moncorvo y Valongo. Por último se comentan futuras líneas de trabajo que ayudarán a comprender mejor estas faunas, perfeccionar y completar el conocimiento del registro fósil del grupo en el Ordovícico centroibérico. Ordovician echinoderms from Portugal: state of the artResumen del trabajo presentado al 37o Convegno Internazionale dei Docenti della Rappresentazione de la Unione Italiana Disegno (UDI), celebrado en Torino (Italia) del 17 al 19 de septiembre de 2015.Trabajo presentado al Danish Days on Caloric Materials and Devices, celebrado en Roskilde (Dinamarca) del 2 al 3 de octubre de 2017.Trabajo presentado en el ImageNano 2015 (Bringing together Nanoscience and Nanotechnology), celebrado en Bilbao del 10 al 13 de marzo de 2015.Este estudio ha sido financiado por el proyecto AGL-2012-40172-C02-01 del Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO). AEF agradece al MINECO la financiacion de su contrato de investigacion (FPI).We present a detailed study of a X -ray selected sample of 5 submillimeter bright QSOs at

Soil-plant relationships and contamination by trace elements: A review of twenty years of experimentation and monitoring after the Aznalcóllar (SW Spain) mine accident

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