Maria Verônica de Souza

Platelet activation: ultrastructure and morphometry in platelet-rich plasma of horses

O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a capacidade de ativacao do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) por substâncias farmacologicas, assim como verificar a necessidade ou nao dessa ativacao para uso terapeutico. O PRP foi obtido de quatro equinos mesticos higidos, machos castrados, com 13 a 16 anos (15±1anos) de idade, e processado para observacao e quantificacao da morfologia plaquetaria mediante a utilizacao da microscopia eletronica de transmissao. Todas as amostras de PRP foram ativadas com cloreto de calcio (CaCl2) a 10%, trombina bovina pura ou associada a CaCl2. O controle (PRP puro) nao foi ativado farmacologicamente. Nas amostras de PRP puro, 49% das plaquetas foram classificadas como ativacao incerta, 41% em repouso, 9% totalmente ativada e 1% com dano irreversivel. O tratamento com CaCl2 a 10% proporcionou uma distribuicao de 54% de plaquetas com ativacao incerta, 24% totalmente ativada, 20% em repouso, e 2% como com dano irreversivel. Amostras tratadas com trombina bovina apresentaram morfologia plaquetaria que nao se enquadraram na classificacao adotada, apresentando forma irregular com emissao de grandes pseudopodes filamentosos, aspecto de rompimento e grânulos inteiros no citoplasma remanescente e meio extracelular. Houve efeito do tratamento sobre a morfologia plaquetaria (P=0,03). O CaCl2 a 10% e um adequado agente ativador de plaquetas. Entretanto, nos casos onde se faz necessario o uso de PRP na forma mais liquida, recomenda-se o uso do PRP puro, que alem de apresentar uma adequada porcentagem de plaquetas totalmente ativadas, tambem possui importante quantidade do tipo em repouso, que pode ser ativado por substâncias presentes no tecido lesionado.

Metais pesados em amostras biológicas de bovinos

The aim of this research was to determine the heavy metals concentration in blood (Pb, Ni and Cd), serum (Cu and Zn), hair and milk (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn) of cattle raised in industrial (with steel mill) and non-industrial areas in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The samples were collected during summer and winter, aiming to verify animals contamination related to environment and year season. The environment significantly influenced the concentration of Cu obtained on serum samples, with higher values for cattle from the industrialized area. The sampling time affected the concentration of Cu (serum), Zn (serum and milk), Pb (blood) and Cd (blood and hair), with higher values for summer, except for Cd measured on hair. Meaningful interactions (P<0.05) between environment and year season were identified for Cu (hair and milk), Zn (hair) and Ni (serum, hair and milk). The results obtained show that the presence of steel mills in a determined area does not mean, necessarily that higher concentration of heavy metals will be found in cattle biological matrices. The seasonality can influence the heavy metal concentration obtained from these matrices, fact that should be considered in environment monitoring programs.

Plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de tendinite induzida em eqüinos: avaliação ultra-sonográfica

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of induced tendinitis in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses through ultrasonographic evaluation. Thus, six 8 to15-year-old healthy gelding horses (x=12 years) were used. Tendinitis of the SDFT was provoked in both forelimbs via intratendineous administration of 2.5mg of collagenase (2.5mg.mL-1), what was considered as beginning of the experimental phase. Twelve days after induced tendinitis, the horses were submitted to two treatments: (1) in the lesion caused in the right SDFT (treated group, TG), 2.5mL of PRP activated with calcium chloride at 0.0125mol.L-1, at concentrations from 320,000 to 500,000 platelets.µL-1, were administered; (2) in the tendinitis of the left SDFT (control group, CG), 2.5mL of 0.9% saline solution was administered. After 5 days, the animals were submitted to controlled and progressive physical activity during 30 days. Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out before and after tendinitis induction (48 hours after and on experimental days 7, 12, 14, 21 28, 35 and 42), with tendon cross-sectional area (CSA), lesion cross-sectional area (L-CSA), L-CSA percentage, severity and echogenicity of the lesion, as well as collagen fiber alignment being evaluated. The result revealed reduction (P<0.05) in the L-CSA and in the degree of lesion echogenicity in function of time, but with difference (P<0.05) between groups only for L-CSA, with smaller values in TG. The treatment with PRP promotes greater reduction in the area of the lesion measured by ultrasound.

Componentes ricos em plaquetas na reparação de afecções tendo-ligamentosas e osteo-articulares em animais

Platelet-rich plasma and platelet concentrates are involved in growing factors. Both have great therapeutic potential. When the alpha-granules are released by the active platelet, they act in the lesion site stimulating the chemotaxis, the fiberplasia and the angiogenesis. They improve the regeneration of the tissue. Although these rich platelet components are easy to obtain and efficiently to prove by medicine and dentistry, their use on vet medicine is recent. So, much more control studies need to be done. This article reviews morphological aspects of platelets, action of growing factors and use of components rich in platelet in wound healing tendons, ligaments and osteo-articular structures.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Collagens in the Skin of Horses Treated with Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma

This study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of type I (COL I) and III (COL III) collagens during the healing process of skin treated with leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP). Seven healthy gelding crossbred horses aged 16 to 17 years were used. Two rectangle-shaped wounds were created surgically in the right and left gluteal regions. Twelve hours after wound induction, 0.5 mL of the LP-PRP was administered in each edge of the wounds of one of the gluteal regions. The contralateral region was used as control (CG). Three samples were obtained: after wound induction (T0), 14 days (T1) of healing process, and after complete closure of the skin (T2). The normal skin (T0) showed strong staining for type III and I collagen in papillary and reticular dermis, respectively. In the scar of the treated group, COL III showed important (p < 0.05) increase in immunoreaction in T2 compared with T1. The administration of a single dose of LP-PRP 12 h after induction of wound in horses does not influence formation of collagens I and III. However, the intense labeling for COL III suggests that the tissue was still weak during the macroscopic closure of the wound, demonstrating that healing was not completely finished.

Expressão gênica do colágeno em ferida cutânea de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas

ABSTRACT.- Souza M.V., Pinto J.O., Costa M.B.M., Alves M.S., Silva M.O., Martinho K.O. & Fiet -to L.G. 2014. [ Collagen gene expression in skin wound of horses treated with platelet-rich plasma . ] Expressao genica do colageno em ferida cutânea de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas . Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 34(3):233-240 . Departamento de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Campus Universitario s/n, Vicosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil. E-mail: msouza@ufv.brPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product derived from total blood centrifugation, whose use is focused on improving the healing of different tissues, as a result of the growth factors it contains. However, the clinical benefits of this therapy have not been fully established. The objective of this study was to evaluate type I and III collagen gene expression during different phases of the healing process of PRP-treated skin. Eight healthy crossbred gel-dings, aged 16 and 17 years (16.37±0.52) were used. Three quadrangular-shaped lesions (6.25cm

Valores biométricos obtidos por ultra-sonografia dos tendões flexores e ligamentos acessório inferior e suspensório da região metacárpica palmar de cavalos Mangalarga Marchador

The transversal area (TA) of tendons and ligaments located in the palmar metacarpal region was studied in 15 Mangalarga Marchador horses without locomotor pathology. The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFP), accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (AL-DDFP), and suspensory ligament (TIOM) were examined by ultrasonography, at seven different zones (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B e 3C), to determine the TA. The mean TA values for SDFT were: zone 1A, 1.07±0.13; zone 1B, 0.97±0.12; zone 2A, 0.77±0.08; zone 2B, 0.68±0.12; zone 3A, 0.74±0.10; zone 3B, 0.86±0.10; and zone 3C, 1.33±0.24. For DDFT were: zone 1A, 1.09±0.12; zone 1B, 0.99±0.14; zone 2A, 0.72±0.11; zone 2B, 0.63±0.10; zone 3A, 0.71±0.14; zone 3B, 0.87±0.14; and zone 3C, 1.39±0.20. For AL-DDFT were: zone 1A, 1.17±0.14; zone 1B, 0.85±0.11; zone 2A, 0.73±0.12; zone 2B, 0.60±0.16; and zone 3A, 0.42±0.15. For TIOM were: zone 1A, 0.82±0.14; zone 1B, 1.23±0.15; zone 2A, 1.21±0.15; zone 2B, 1.18±0.14; and zone 3A, 1.20±0.31. The TA of each structure examined was similar between the thoracic members in each of the studied zones. No significant difference was found among the TA of the SDFT and that of the DDFP.

INTOXICAÇÃO CRÔNICA POR Pteridium aquilinum (L) Kuhn (Polypodiaceae) EM BOVINOS

Sao descritos casos de neoplasias de bexiga e trato digestivo superior, seguindo a ingestao de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos, diagnosticados pelo Centro de Diagnostico Veterinario da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, durante o periodo de 1964-1991. Hemangiomas foram os tumores mais comumente encontrados na bexiga, levando ao aparecimento de hematuria. Carcinomas epidermoides foram encontrados no sistema digestivo superior causando sinais clinicos que variaram com o local da lesao, constatando-se dificuldade de degluticao, emagrecimento, dificuldade respiratoria, tosse e timpanismo. Alguns animais apresentaram concomitantemente tumores nas duas localizacoes. Tambem ocorreram papilomas associados a tumores de bexiga e trato digestivo superior em algumas ocasioes.

Heavy metals in equine biological components

The objective of this research was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the blood (Pb, Ni and Cd), serum (Cu and Zn) and hair (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn) of horses raised in non-industrial and industrial areas (with steel mill), and to verify the possibility to use these data as indicators of environmental pollution. The samples were collected during summer and winter, aiming to verify animal contamination related to environment and season of the year. Copper and Zn contents determined in the serum and Cd and Ni contents obtained in the blood indicated no contamination effects of industries. For some animals, contents of Pb in the blood were higher than those considered acceptable for the species, but without relationship with industrialization and without clinical signs of Pb intoxication. The heavy metals evaluated on the hair of horses in this study were not increased with the presence of industries, but Cu and Cd contents were influenced by the season. The contents of some heavy metals in biological components analyzed were influenced by season sampling; however, serum, blood and hair may not be suitable to indicate differences in environmental contamination between the two contrasting areas. Most part of the heavy metal contents was lower or close to the reference values for horses. Serum, blood and hair components from horses may not be effective as indicators of environmental pollution with heavy metals. Industrialization and seasons have no effects on most part of heavy metals contents from those components.

Quantificação de fatores de crescimento na pele de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas

ABSTRACT.- Souza M.V., Pinto J.O., Costa M.M., Santos E.C., Garcia S.L.R. & Oliveira L.L. 2014. [Quantification of growth factors in horse skin treated with platelet-rich plasma . ] Quantificacao de fatores de crescimento na pele de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas . Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 34(6):599-612 . Departamento de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Campus Universitario s/n, Vicosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil. E-mail: msouza@ufv.brPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product derived from total blood centrifugation, rich in bioactive factors, such as growth factors. Despite largely used in healing processes, there is a controversy whether the therapy is effective in promoting skin healing. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the concentrations of the factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB in PRP, blood plasma and skin, at different phases of the healing process of skin treated or not with PRP. Seven healthy crossbred 16 to 17-year-old geldings (16.14±0.63) were used. Three quadrangular-shaped lesions (6.25cm