Mariana Díaz

Telemedicine network physical connection design for remote areas. Case Baruta - El Hatillo

The telemedicine has increased mostly over recent years. Especially in developing countries where a high proportion of the population lives in rural areas or difficult to access. However it is successful implementation is closely connected with an appropriate design of the telecommunications network, part essential when deploying a network and the selection of appropriate communications technologies, realistic and sustainable according to the characteristics of the context in which it is deployed. This paper explain the situation of health centers in the municipalities Baruta and Hatillo in Venezuela, it proposes the design of a telemedicine network to allow interconnect the outpatient units with the referral hospital. Then it describes wireless technologies studied and finally it presents the entire design process of the network physical connection.

Quality of Service Evaluation of Telemedicine Network Design with IEEE 802.11b Technology

Telemedicine Networks should meet specific Quality of Service (QoS) requirements to guarantee that the users can work with the supported applications in a reliable manner. Therefore it must be verified that network resources satisfy these requirements especially in wireless networks, due to their channel characteristics: Communication over a wireless link often suffers from limited bandwidth, high error rates and interference from other users on the shared channel.

Analysis of Instantaneous Amplitude and Frequency of Intracranial EEG signal to Characterize Epileptic Seizure Stages

A graphical and analytical description of epileptic seizures based on amplitude modulation and frequency modulation components of intracranial EEG (iEEG) is proposed. This representation allows the characterization of seizures and their different stages from the iEEG by means of triangles whose vertexes are the centroids (cm) of the signal during preictal, ictal and postictal periods. The centroid is the point defined by the average values of instantaneous amplitude and frequency, aiand fi respectively. Data were obtained from 8 patients with recurrent epilepsy, 170 records were processed, 62 of which were seizures and 108 interictal signals. Results show that the centroids of the ictal periods are located in a region of the space ai - fi distant from the centroids corresponding to interictal and postictal periods. This original representation of epileptic seizures can facilitate the visualization of stage- transitions and discrimination between the different stages of the iEEG signal. An additional advantage of the method is that the information contained in the signal is synthesized significantly.

Root Canal Filling after Revascularization/Revitalization

INTRODUCTION Revascularization/revitalization therapy is considered an alternative procedure for management of teeth with an immature apex and necrotic pulp, mainly when root development is interrupted in the early phases of formation. However, this clinical treatment protocol should be considered a permanent procedure? METHOD A maxillary central incisor with a previous and successful RR treatment was intentionally filled with a biocompatible material with the periapical tissues due to the patients lack of adherence to the follow-up protocol. RESULTS The 20-month follow-up showed absence of clinical, radiological and tomographic signs and symptoms of an endodontic re-infection. CONCLUSION This case demonstrates that once the increased thickening of the canal walls, incrementing the root length, apical closure and the total resolution of the apical lesion are observed, the main canal of a previously treated tooth with an RR procedure can be filled.

Non-Surgical Endodontic Management of Type II Dens Invaginatus with Closed and Open Apex

Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental anomaly that poses a significant challenge to the clinician if endodontic treatment is required. The type II (as per Oehlers) form exhibits complex internal anatomy and is frequently associated with incomplete root and apex formation. The purpose of this study is to present two cases of type II DI in the maxillary lateral incisors. In the first case, non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed utilizing calcium hydroxide as an intracanal dressing, showing significant periapical healing of the apical radiolucent area at the six month follow-up. In the second case, the development of the root and apex were affected by pulp necrosis, and the revascularization procedure was performed. Complete resolution of the pre-existing apical radiolucency, apical closure, thickening of the root canal walls, and increase in root length, after 32 months was observed. Early detection of teeth with DI type II and proper exploration of their internal anatomy are key factors for their successful management. As demonstrated in this report, conservative non-surgical endodontic treatment should be the first line of treatment for these cases. The use of revascularization protocols in teeth that develop pulp necrosis and exhibit early stage of root development could be a better alternative than traditional apexification techniques.

Management of permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices according to the stage of root development

Background This paper analyzed the distribution of treatments for permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices according to the stage of root development. Material and Methods Dental records from all root canal procedures performed in permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices over a period of 14 years by residents of the Speciality of Endodontics, University of Guadalajara, Mexico, were analized. Results Records from 206 treatments were mainly divided into the following 3 different stages according to criteria described by Cvek: stage IV (n = 79, 38.3%), stage V (n = 66, 32%) and stage III (n = 53, 25.7%). Few cases involved the initial stages of root development (stages I and II) (n = 8, 3.8%). Such teeth were submitted to four different treatments: MTA apical barrier (n = 69), Ca(OH)2 replacements (n = 34), gutta-percha (n = 67) and a plug of Ca(OH)2/gutta-percha (n = 36). The teeth with intermediate root development (Cvek stage III) showed a predilection for the MTA apical barrier and Ca(OH)2 replacement techniques (P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, the stage of root development did not influence the apical extent of the root filling. Conclusions The finding of permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and open apices is not exclusive to young patients with an open apex. Moreover, teeth with fragile, irregular and divergent apical morphologies, such as Cvek’s stages´ I and II, were not common and may be considered to be unusual findings. The diverse endodontic procedures were reliable regardless of the stage of root development. Key words:Incomplete root formation, Open apex, Epidemiological studies, Root development.

Mandibular Canines with Two Roots and Two Root Canals: Case Report and Literature Review

Usually, the mandibular canine only has one root and one root canal. However, there has been a noticeable increment in evidence showing variations in its morphology, such as the presence of two roots and two root canals. The aim of this article was to present a case of a mandibular canine with two roots and two root canals and to review the available literature on this anatomic variation. Root canal treatment of tooth #43 with such morphology was performed in a 47-year-old woman. Careful inspection of the preoperative radiograph indicated the presence of more than one canal. The 12-month follow-up showed normal periapical tissues, with no pain or tenderness. Literature review revealed that the overall prevalence of such root canal configuration is 5.7%, with a strong preference for female sex (87.5%). Although mandibular canines with two roots and two root canals are not common, clinicians should always anticipate the presence of possible variations. Therefore, timely diagnosis and meticulous exploration of such mandibular canines allow for planning of an individualized treatment protocol, tailored to their peculiar morphology, focused on avoiding excessive weakening or even perforation of the roots.

Accidental Contamination with Oil during Endodontic Surgery

The modern surgical endodontic treatment is a safe and predictable procedure with high success rate. However, several factors can retard or impede the proper healing process. Use of a high speed handpiece during hard tissues management (osteotomy and apical resection) can potentially be one of these factors. Formation of metallic debris from the surgical diamond burs, production of necrotic local tissue due to overheating and the direct liberation of air from conventional handpiece into the working area are potential irritants able to delay the tissue healing. The aim of the present article is to report the histopathological findings of the trans-operational accidental contamination with oil in the surgical area during an endodontic surgery.

Iatrogenic Displacement of a Foreign Body into the Periapical Tissues

The presence of a foreign body in the periapical tissues can cause endodontic failure by triggering an inflammatory response and a subsequent foreign body reaction. This inflammatory response, which can occur to varying degrees, appears radiographically as a radiolucency that can remain asymptomatic for many years. A foreign object can reach the apical region by accident or iatrogenic procedures during dental procedures. The aim of the present case report is to describe the endodontic surgical treatment of an iatrogenic displacement of a foreign body (a metal fragment) into the periapical tissues and to describe its clinical and radiographic follow-up over a period of 52 months.

SMyAP: Sistema de Monitoreo y Alerta Personal

Developing of wireless personal mobile systems and home automation have been in the mind of scientists and engineers for some decades. In recent years a huge variety of mobile systems that offer an increasing amount of applications for personal communication and productivity have been introduced in the market. That trend besides to the apparition of new sensors has allowed the developing of accessible personal telemedicine systems. This article proposes the developing of a Personal Monitoring and Alert System (spanish abbreviations SMyAP) for third age people. The goal of the system is to preserve the user independence, offering attention in emergencies produced for falls, abnormal or irregular bio-signals, etc. The SMyAP will be developed using open-source platforms and programming languages in new generation mobile systems.