Mariangela Furlan Antigo

Poverty Dynamics, Ecological Endowments and Land Use among Smallholders in the Brazilian Amazon

Rural settlement in previously sparsely occupied areas of the Brazilian Amazon has been associated with high levels of forest loss and unclear long-term social outcomes. We focus here on the micro-level processes in one settlement area to answer the question of how settler and farm endowments affect household poverty. We analyze the extent to which poverty is sensitive to changes in natural capital, land use strategies, and biophysical characteristics of properties (particularly soil quality). Cumulative time spent in poverty is simulated using Markovian processes, which show that accessibility to markets and land use system are especially important for decreasing poverty among households in our sample. Wealtheir households are selected into commercial production of perennials before our initial observation, and are therefore in poverty a lower proportion of the time. Land in pasture, in contrast, has an independent effect on reducing the proportion of time spent in poverty. Taken together, these results show that investments in roads and the institutional structures needed to make commercial agriculture or ranching viable in existing and new settlement areas can improve human well-being in frontiers.

Transições e duração do desemprego: uma revisão da literatura com novas evidências para Belo Horizonte

This work investigates movement between the states of the labor market - occupation, unemployment and inactivity - and the duration of unemployment in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region, between 1997 and 2001, using panel data from IBGEs Monthly Employment Survey (PME). Among the individual characteristics, the results show that the behavior of unemployment for young people and women is much more affected by the higher incidence of these groups in this state. This is so because greater intensity and longer stays are observed for these groups in the other two states, unemployment and inactivity, than by long periods of unemployment. Individuals with higher education levels who had signed labor contracts in their last jobs were the hardest hit by long-term unemployment. The selectiveness of the labor market, precarious labor relations and the behavior of economic activity in this region contribute to the increase in both unemployment and in turnover among groups with less stability in the labor market. The study concludes that the phenomenon of unemployment in the BH Metropolitan Area is affected not only by individual factors, but also by economic activity, thus confirming what the employment search models predicted.

Mobilidade intrageracional de rendimentos no Brasil

This work investigates the earnings mobility in Brazil, considering the period before and after the observed fall of inequality in the country. We used microdata from Monthly Employment Survey (PME/IBGE), from 1992 to 2009. It is possible to analyze mobility in an intra generational context. The mobility contributes to decrease income inequality. Given the fall of inequality in the country, if mobility persists, Brazil may experience, in the long run, greater income convergence.

DESEMPREGO E QUALIFICAÇÃO DA MÃO DE OBRA NO BRASIL

Baseado no cenario do mercado de trabalho brasileiro na ultima decada e inspirado pelas teorias da Busca do Emprego e do Capital Humano, o artigo em questao objetiva analisar o desemprego no Brasil atraves da perspectiva da qualificacao da mao de obra entre 2002 e 2011, com base nos dados da Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego (IBGE). Os resultados se derivam de uma analise dinâmica que permite interpretar as mudancas no mercado de trabalho com base nas probabilidades de um individuo transitar entre as condicoes de emprego, desemprego e inatividade, e representam importante contribuicao ao avanco da literatura sobre o tema, ja que a maior parte dos estudos existentes apresenta uma analise de corte transversal de dados originados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (IBGE), apontando apenas para taxas de desemprego estaticas. Para isso, utilizaram-se dois metodos de analise: um estudo univariado de matrizes de transicao para cada um dos aspectos microeconomicos considerados e uma analise econometrica multivariada, por meio de um modelo Logit Multinomial. Dentre os resultados principais, constatou-se que as variaveis sexo, condicao no domicilio, idade e escolaridade tem grande influencia nas chances de um individuo conseguir emprego. Levando em consideracao a qualificacao do trabalhador, os resultados mostram que quanto mais escolarizado, menor o efeito adverso das caracteristicas pessoais de um individuo, e que o grupo dos semiqualificados (aqueles que tem entre 4 e 10 anos de estudo) sao os mais sensiveis a tais efeitos no sucesso pela busca do emprego. Por fim, o estudo mostra que os trabalhadores menos qualificados foram os que mais se beneficiaram com a mudanca do cenario do mercado de trabalho brasileiro no periodo analisado.