Mariani Idroas

Image reconstruction of a charge coupled device based optical tomographic instrumentation system for particle sizing.

This research investigates the use of charge coupled device (abbreviated as CCD) linear image sensors in an optical tomographic instrumentation system used for sizing particles. The measurement system, consisting of four CCD linear image sensors are configured around an octagonal shaped flow pipe for a four projections system is explained. The four linear image sensors provide 2,048 pixel imaging with a pixel size of 14 micron × 14 micron, hence constituting a high-resolution system. Image reconstruction for a four-projection optical tomography system is also discussed, where a simple optical model is used to relate attenuation due to variations in optical density, [R], within the measurement section. Expressed in matrix form this represents the forward problem in tomography [S] [R] = [M]. In practice, measurements [M] are used to estimate the optical density distribution by solving the inverse problem [R] = [S]−1[M]. Direct inversion of the sensitivity matrix, [S], is not possible and two approximations are considered and compared—the transpose and the pseudo inverse sensitivity matrices.

Simultaneous extraction and enrichment of reactive dye using green emulsion liquid membrane system

ABSTRACT Currently, an extractive green palm oil-based emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) has been used for simultaneous extraction and enrichment of Reactive Red 3BS from simulated synthetic dye wastewater. The ELM consists of two main phases, which are organic liquid membrane (LM) and stripping solution. During the extraction process, the ELM was dispersed into the simulated synthetic dye wastewater containing the Reactive Red 3BS complexes. The organic LM contains tridodecylamine (TDA), Sorbitan Monooleate (Span 80) and palm oil as a carrier, surfactant and diluent, respectively. The sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was used as stripping solution for the enrichment process. Several important parameters that affected the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of Reactive Red 3BS, such as carrier and stripping agent concentrations, extraction time and treat ratio, were investigated. The results showed that almost 90% of Reactive Red 3BS ions were successfully extracted with 10 times enrichment in the stripping phase at the optimum conditions of 0.2 M TDA, 0.1 M NaHCO3, 5 min of extraction time and 1:5 of treat ratio. Hence, it can be concluded that palm oil possesses a high potential as green diluent in future technology, especially in ELM process for the removal and recovery of Reactive Red 3BS from synthetic dye wastewater.

Tomographic image reconstruction of monitoring flaws on gas pipeline based on reverse ultrasonic tomography

The capability of a technique to reconstruct a tomographic image of flaws existence on gas pipeline via reverse ultrasonic tomography is presented. The ultrasonic tomography system is developed to monitor flaws circumferentially on pipeline with contactless measurement of distance from sensors to the pipe. In oil and gas industry, the applications of ultrasonic tomography technique for flaw detection in pipeline are limited as this technology is still in its infancy. The design of the ultrasonic tomography system consists of ultrasonic sensing system, data acquisition and image reconstruction system. A reflection mode of ultrasonic sensor is used where the output ultrasonic signal reflected from the pipe to the sensor is acquired. The collected data will be used in image reconstruction system to visualize the image. In image reconstruction process, a linear back projection algorithm is used in order to reconstruct the image of the pipe profile with flaws existence. The back projection algorithm is derived by the mathematical relationship of forward and inverse problem. This reconstruction algorithm is implemented in Matlab software to analyze the performance of the technique for different projection and arrays. Through the simulated result, the reconstructed image based on four projections is found to be less smeared compared to the image based on two projections. The effect of aliasing on the image is also reduced as the number of projection is increased. Several images of pipe with flaws existence are reconstructed based on four projections, with 7 × 7 arrays of pixels and twenty-eight of ultrasonic sensors.

Electronic Multilingual Arabic Dictionary Based on Root -Word with Self-Assessment

This paper describes an electronic multilingual Arabic dictionary that enables searches based on root words or radical alphabets with added self-assessment to enhance learning of the language for non-native speakers. Without the presence of a teacher as available in a school setting, one can develop a language with self-tutoring by using a well designed dictionary with many entries. This is now implemented effectively in an electronic dictionary. Since the majority of Arabic words are trilateral being derived from three radical alphabets, it lends itself naturally to a rootword based organization. However, it is transparent to students who can search full words in any derivative forms. Once a word is found, all necessary information on its meanings, usage, examples, etymology, audio, and other aids can be added in the future. The developed dictionary also includes quizzes which are designed to facilitate students in learning Arabic in effect creating a vocabulary builder.

Driving Circuitry of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Area Image Sensor for Optical Tomography Instrumentation System

Process tomography is a system that can be used to visualize the exact behavior of internal flow in any process. An optical tomography system can safely reconstruct images of the internal flow in non-intrusive and non-invasive sensor. The optical sensor used in the optical tomography system is the most critical part that determines the accuracy and reliability of the system. Therefore, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) area image sensor is used in the developed optical tomography system, in order to produce a high resolution image without disturbing the process flow. This paper describes the development of the driving circuitry system to test the performance of the monochrome CMOS area image sensor.

Hardware Implementation of Math Module Based on CORDIC Algorithm Using FPGA

This paper discusses the implementation of math hardware module based on CORDIC algorithm to solve trigonometry, hyperbolic and exponential function on FPGA. CORDIC is one of the hardware efficient and iteration based algorithms that is used to implement various transcendental functions such as trigonometry, hyperbolic, exponential and so forth. In addition, by using this algorithm, the hardware requirement and cost are less as only shift registers, adders and ROM are required. Thus, the design is implemented on FPGA since it provides a versatile and inexpensive way for implementation. The design is then further interfaced with 4x4 matrix keypad and 16x2 character LCD to build a simple math hardware module for real time application. The coding of algorithm was written in Verilog HDL and the verification is done firstly by using simulation results of the ModelSim and then using the implementation on Alter a DE1 board with the design interfaced with keypad and LCD to display the results.