Marianna Zichar

3D Modeling and Printing Interpreted in Terms of Cognitive Infocommunication

Digital technologies tend to appear in more and more fields in our life. But what is obvious in the real life, may be rather complicated to represent and reproduce in a digital environment. Nowadays, a growing number of technologies and devices have an associated property called 3D, referring to their ability of approximating reality. This study aims to investigate rather popular 3D-related technologies (3D modeling and printing) in connection of the importance to bring them into the education. Term of cognitive infocommunication is also introduced providing the opportunity to comment the sections in point of its view. Overviewing the main functionalities and properties of four 3D modeling software products gives the reader guidance in this special world, while the case study highlights the additional benefits of acquiring a 3D printer by an institution.

Interaction Between 3D Printing and Geometry Studies

Recently, intensive emergence and spreading of 3D printing can be observed. Educational institutions become owners of desktop 3D printers implying the need of rethinking what to teach at schools at different levels. Since 3D printing needs a 3D model too, users have to refresh or acquire some mathematical knowledge to become successful modelers. Especially geometric and spatial skills are of high importance when designing a new model, while it provides also a brilliant motivation why to study theory and concepts, and why to understand more precisely the different elements of geometry. Nevertheless, users have to get to know new concepts (such as rafts, supports) and properties (such as watertight) as well, which appropriate usage is essential to be able to print the model correctly. Parallely, they will experience, that some traditional geometric concepts, terms may be interpreted in a more flexible way in the context of the currently used 3D modeling software. The objective of the paper is to investigate how the terms mentioned in the title interact with each other and to demonstrate it by examples. Paying attention to these altered, reinterpreted concepts is crucial in order that we could avoid misunderstandings in math class.

Effects of land-use changes on soil properties based on reambulated soil profiles

Abstract In our study, by investigating reambulated soil profiles from the Nagy-Sárrét region in Hungary, we attempt to determine the extent of changes which have occurred due to effects which impacted the landscape in terms of the soil chemistry properties of soil profiles exposed during the Kreybig soil survey more than 70 years ago. Based on the results, in the areas used as grassland, we observed a decrease in pH and an increase in the humus content of the topsoil. The increased CaCO3 following the chemical improvement of the soil which was used as cropland is still characteristic of the area. During the past decades, the investigated soils have been affected by significant changes with regard to water management, which have also modified the investigated parameters. We have classified the reambulated soil profiles among the Solonetz, Vertisol, and Gleysol reference groups based on the World Reference Base of Soil Resources (WRB) diagnostic system.

Guidelines for cost-effective geovisualization in digital forensics

Every field of our life is influenced by the appearance of new technologies. This means that new challenges keep being met and finding solutions, developing methods to deal with them belong to our tasks. Law enforcement has to be always ready to adopt the achievements of any disciplines. Experts and professionals in any field should be aware of applicability of the knowledge they have that is why it is important to highlight as much fields where our knowledge can be used as we can. Digital forensics differs from traditional forensics in many aspects that is why a general GIS professional can be involved into an investigation easily. This paper aims to provide methods to geovisualize information containing or referring to location data. Cost effective solutions are preferred throughout the paper.

Accuracy assessment of different soil databases concerning WRB reference soil groups

As a result of international cooperation, the conditions of data access and data usage have been significantly improved during the last two decades. Also, the establishment of web-based geoinformatic infrastructure allowed researchers to share their results with the scientific community more efficiently on the international level. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of databases with different spatial resolutions, using the reference profiles of LUCAS topsoil database. In our study, we investigated the accuracy of World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) Reference Soil Groups (RSG) groups stored in freely accessible soil databases (European Soil Database (ESDB), International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC)) in Hungary. The study concluded that the continental scale database tends to be more accurate. We used the Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) statistical index to evaluate accuracy. The European and the international databases showed a value of 0.9643 and 0.3968, respectively. Considering the results, we can conclude that the spatial resolution has a relevant impact on the accuracy of databases, however, the study should be extended to the national level and the indices should be assessed together.

Methods of processing and geovisualization of soil profiles

In order to satisfy the social demand for freely obtainable and usable soil information and resources, several national and international soil databases have already been available online for those who are interested. To establish a proper infrastructure for geospatial data with online sharing systems, it is essential that their information is authentic, relevant and freely available for the general public. This paper aims to introduce the beta version of an online, community shared multi-factor soil database developed by the University of Debrecen, Institute of Earth Sciences and Faculty of Informatics. The most important functions of the online system are the acquisition, archiving and geovisualisation of soil profiles, as well as sorting them in accordance to the reference groups established by WRB (World Reference Base for Soil Resources).

Approximation of the WRB reference group with the reapplication of archive soil databases

Abstract In our study, we tested the existing and freely accessible soil databases covering a smaller geographical region surveyed and classified according to the Hungarian classification in order to approximate the WRB soil reference groups (RSG). We tested the results and applicability of approximation for the RSG with three different methods on 12 soil profiles. First, RSGs were assigned to Hungarian soil taxa based on results of previous correlation studies, secondly, a freely accessible online database of ISRIC was applied furthermore, and an automated reclassification developed and programmed by us was used, which takes the original soil data as input.

Optimized design of customized KML files

The need of data visualization appears regularly in several disciplines. If the data has spatial component its visualization can be based upon it, so the need of using a simple but powerful tool for supporting the geovisualization is evident. There are several methods to create and represent such files, from which the usage of KML files are said to be the most popular [1]. Although the user interface of Google Earth (the native browser and producer of KML files) provides a number of tools for defining elements and saving them in kml or kmz format [2], these files cannot be regarded optimal. Several inconvenient situations could be avoided if the users followed simple guidelines and edited the generated files. This paper focuses on defining the main steps of reorganizing a KML file and provides designing instructions to get KML files with optimized structure.

Geovisualization of Domestic Nature Conservation Areas using KML

The job of geographers and geoinformatics engineers mainly focuses on data collection and analysis implying the need of digital representation of data in form of digital maps, models, etc. The range of data publishing technologies is rather wide due to the amazing development of webGIS tools as well as to the appearance of web based geographical information services. This paper demonstrates how to create digital map files for the domestic nature conservations storing also additional essential information about their main characteristics. To support the easy publication of the data, a KML file was produced where the placemarks bubbles capture the rich descriptive data from the database [2]. The structure and content customization of the KML file resulted a standard Google Earth compatible file representing the Hungarian nature conservation areas [12].