Marilda Borges Neutzling

Utilização e cobertura do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This article seeks to describe the utilization and coverage percentage of the Nutritional and Food Surveillance System (SISVAN-Web) in the Regional Health Offices of Rio Grande do Sul in 2010 and to assess its correlation with socio-economic, demographic and health system organization variables at the time. It is an ecological study that used secondary data from the SISVAN-Web, the Department of Primary Health Care, the IT Department of the Unified Health System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The evaluation of utilization and coverage data was restricted to nutritional status. The percentage of utilization of SISVAN-Web refers to the number of cities that fed the system. Total coverage was defined as the percentage of individuals in all stages of the life cycle monitored by SISVAN-Web. It was found that 324 cities fed the application, corresponding to a utilization percentage of 65.3%. Greater system coverage was observed in all Regional Health Coordination (RHC) Units for ages 0 to 5 years and 5-10 years. There was a significant association between the percentage of utilization of SISVAN-Web and Family Health Strategy coverage in each RHC Unit. The results of this study indicated low percentages of utilization and coverage of SISVAN-Web in Rio Grande do Sul.

Fatores associados ao consumo de dietas ricas em gordura em adultos de uma cidade no sul do Brasil

The scope of this study was to describe the frequency of consumption of high-fat foods among adults aged 20 to 69 years and to identify associated factors. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 972 adults in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. The consumption of high-fat foods in the previous twelve months was evaluated using the Block questionnaire comprising fifteen food items scored according to the frequency of consumption of high-fat foods. Approximately one in every three adults (32.7%) reported the regular consumption of high-fat diets. Among individuals of both sexes, the regular consumption of fat was associated with younger ages and the regular intake of non-diet soft drinks, and only for men, to the A/B economic levels. The conclusion reached is that the consumption of high-fat food among adults is above current Ministry of Health recommendations. Interventions aimed at stimulating healthy diets are urgently needed.

Dietary patterns and hypertension: a population-based study with women from Southern Brazil

This study investigated the association between dietary pattern and hypertension using the rank reduced regression (RRR). It was a cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of 1,026 women living in the city of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In order to identify dietary patterns, dietary variables from a dietary frequency questionnaire were used as predictors and sodium, potassium and saturated fat consumption were selected as response variables. The RRR identified three dietary patterns: Factor 1, Factor 2 and Factor 3. The association between hypertension and factors 1, 2 and 3, after adjustment for socio-demographic, behavioral and obesity variables, was not significant. After stratification by age, the association between hypertension and factor 2 was present in 40-60 year-old women (tertile 2 compared to 3 RP = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.43-0.91; p = 0,05). The new statistical method (RRR), proved to be a useful tool for identifying dietary patterns. In this study, healthier dietary pattern was directly associated with hypertension in women between 40 and 60 years of age.O estudo investigou a associacao entre os padroes alimentares, obtidos usando-se a regressao de posto reduzido (RRR), e hipertensao arterial. Foi um estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.026 mulheres residentes na cidade de Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para a identificacao dos padroes alimentares foram utilizadas como preditores as variaveis alimentares de um questionario de frequencia alimentar e como variaveis respostas o consumo de sodio, potassio e gordura. Foram identificados tres padroes alimentares: o Fator 1, o Fator 2, e o Fator 3. Em uma analise ajustada para fatores sociodemograficos, comportamentais e obesidade nao houve associacao entre a hipertensao e os padroes alimentares. Em uma analise estratificada para idade, houve associacao entre hipertensao e o Fator 2 nas mulheres com 40 anos ou mais (tercil 2 comparado ao 3 RP = 0.62; IC95%: 0.43-0.91; p = 0,050). O metodo estatistico (RRR), mostrou-se uma ferramenta util para a identificacao de padroes alimentares. Neste estudo, o padrao alimentar saudavel esteve diretamente associado a hipertensao nas mulheres entre 40 e 60 anos.

Dietary assessment in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study: comparing energy intake with energy expenditure

The study aims to describe and compare two methods of energy intake assessment and one measure of energy expenditure applied in adolescents from a birth cohort. In a sub-sample of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort, followed up in 2006-7, information on intake was obtained through a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and three 24-hour-recalls (24hR), while energy expenditure was assessed using an accelerometer. Bland & Altman plots were used in the analyses in order to compare the methods. The mean difference between FFQ and 24hR was 592 ± 929cal/day. Compared to energy expenditure, intake was overestimated when measured by FFQ (357 ± 968cal/day) and underestimated by 24hR (-278 ± 714cal/day). In spite of the great differences between energy intake obtained using the two methods, lower differences were observed when these methods were compared to expenditure.

FFQ for the adult population of the capital of Ecuador (FFQ-Quito): development, reliability and validity

OBJECTIVE To assess the reliability and validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ designed to evaluate the usual nutrient intake of adults in Quito, Ecuador. DESIGN Dietary data using 24 h recalls (24hR) were used to design a list of commonly consumed foods. The relative validity of a 111-item FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient intakes against three non-consecutive 24hR. All nutrients were energy-adjusted. Reliability was assessed using two FFQ (FFQ1 and FFQ2) and assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient. The comparisons between the FFQ and the 24hR were assessed by the de-attenuated Pearson correlation coefficient, weighted kappa and by Bland-Altman plots. SETTING Quito, Ecuador. SUBJECTS Overall, 345 adults were enrolled in the present study. Two hundred and fifty participated in FFQ development and ninety-five participated in the FFQ validity and reliability. RESULTS The FFQ produced higher energy and nutrient intakes. Reliability correlation coefficients after adjusting for energy ranged from 0·62 to 0·88 for protein and Ca, respectively. For the validity study, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlation coefficients between the questionnaire and the 24hR ranged from 0·21 for fat to 0·65 for Ca. Only 4 % of the participants were grossly misclassified and 46 % had weighted kappa higher than 0·42. The Bland-Altman plot showed a constant bias with a tendency to increase according to the intake level. CONCLUSIONS The FFQ showed reasonably good relative validity and reliable measurements, especially for nutrients considered protective and risk markers of non-communicable disease, and can be used to assess usual nutrient intake in this population.

Autopercepção de saúde bucal em comunidades quilombolas no Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo transversal exploratório

Objective: Theres a shortage of evidence on the oral health of quilombolas. This study aims to describe oral health self-perception, as well as to verify its associated factors in quilombola communities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: The data for this cross-sectional health survey were collected by application of a questionnaire. Since this study was part of a survey on nutritional security, the probabilistic cluster sample was estimated for the outcome of nutritional insecurity, comprising 583 individuals across quilombola communities in Rio Grande do Sul. The association between the outcome of negative oral health self-perception and sociodemographic, general health, and oral health variables was measured by prevalence ratios obtained through Poisson regressions with robust variance and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Negative self-rated oral health was reported by 313 (53.1%) of the individuals. Satisfaction with chewing ability and satisfaction with oral appearance were associated with a higher prevalence of negative perception of oral health, while there was no association between the outcome and number of teeth. Use of alcohol had a borderline association with the outcome. Conclusion: Satisfaction with appearance and chewing ability are factors associated with oral-health self-perception of the quilombolas in Rio Grande do Sul.

Prevalence and factors associated with exposure to sunlight and sunscreen among physical education teachers in Pelotas, southern Brazil

Background Decreasing the time of exposure to the sun and increasing sunscreen use are important actions to prevent skin cancer. Objective This study aimed to verify the prevalence of exposure to the sun and the use of sunscreen, as well as associated factors among physical education teachers of the basic education network from city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Methods A census type study was conducted with physical education teachers of the basic education network from Pelotas. This study assessed the time of exposure to the sun in the workplace for at least 20 min, between 10am and 4pm, and the use of sunscreen during the workday. Results 188 teachers answered the questionnaire. The prevalence of exposure to the sun between 10:00am and 4:00pm was 89.2% (95% CI of 83.8% -93.3%), while sunscreen use was 63.3% (95% CI of 56.0% -70.2%). However, when the sample was stratified by sex, women reported a higher rate of sunscreen use (78.5% -95% CI of 72.2-84.3) than men (38.9% -95% CI of 31.8-46.2) (p<0.001). Teachers with longer work weeks were at greater risk of exposure to the sun. In addition, women, with normal weight and who worked less hours, were more likely to use sunscreen. Study limitations Cross-sectional study and lack of information on the proper use and frequency of use of sunscreen. Conclusion Physical education teachers were highly exposed to solar radiation, and less than two-thirds used sunscreen during the workday. Interventions with this professional group are necessary to reduce the risk of skin cancer.

Padrões alimentares e hipertensão arterial: um estudo de base populacional com mulheres do Sul do Brasil

This study investigated the association between dietary pattern and hypertension using the rank reduced regression (RRR). It was a cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of 1,026 women living in the city of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In order to identify dietary patterns, dietary variables from a dietary frequency questionnaire were used as predictors and sodium, potassium and saturated fat consumption were selected as response variables. The RRR identified three dietary patterns: Factor 1, Factor 2 and Factor 3. The association between hypertension and factors 1, 2 and 3, after adjustment for socio-demographic, behavioral and obesity variables, was not significant. After stratification by age, the association between hypertension and factor 2 was present in 40-60 year-old women (tertile 2 compared to 3 RP = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.43-0.91; p = 0,05). The new statistical method (RRR), proved to be a useful tool for identifying dietary patterns. In this study, healthier dietary pattern was directly associated with hypertension in women between 40 and 60 years of age.O estudo investigou a associacao entre os padroes alimentares, obtidos usando-se a regressao de posto reduzido (RRR), e hipertensao arterial. Foi um estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.026 mulheres residentes na cidade de Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para a identificacao dos padroes alimentares foram utilizadas como preditores as variaveis alimentares de um questionario de frequencia alimentar e como variaveis respostas o consumo de sodio, potassio e gordura. Foram identificados tres padroes alimentares: o Fator 1, o Fator 2, e o Fator 3. Em uma analise ajustada para fatores sociodemograficos, comportamentais e obesidade nao houve associacao entre a hipertensao e os padroes alimentares. Em uma analise estratificada para idade, houve associacao entre hipertensao e o Fator 2 nas mulheres com 40 anos ou mais (tercil 2 comparado ao 3 RP = 0.62; IC95%: 0.43-0.91; p = 0,050). O metodo estatistico (RRR), mostrou-se uma ferramenta util para a identificacao de padroes alimentares. Neste estudo, o padrao alimentar saudavel esteve diretamente associado a hipertensao nas mulheres entre 40 e 60 anos.

Patrón alimentario e hipertensión: un estudio basado en la población de mujeres del sur de Brasil

This study investigated the association between dietary pattern and hypertension using the rank reduced regression (RRR). It was a cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of 1,026 women living in the city of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In order to identify dietary patterns, dietary variables from a dietary frequency questionnaire were used as predictors and sodium, potassium and saturated fat consumption were selected as response variables. The RRR identified three dietary patterns: Factor 1, Factor 2 and Factor 3. The association between hypertension and factors 1, 2 and 3, after adjustment for socio-demographic, behavioral and obesity variables, was not significant. After stratification by age, the association between hypertension and factor 2 was present in 40-60 year-old women (tertile 2 compared to 3 RP = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.43-0.91; p = 0,05). The new statistical method (RRR), proved to be a useful tool for identifying dietary patterns. In this study, healthier dietary pattern was directly associated with hypertension in women between 40 and 60 years of age.O estudo investigou a associacao entre os padroes alimentares, obtidos usando-se a regressao de posto reduzido (RRR), e hipertensao arterial. Foi um estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.026 mulheres residentes na cidade de Sao Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para a identificacao dos padroes alimentares foram utilizadas como preditores as variaveis alimentares de um questionario de frequencia alimentar e como variaveis respostas o consumo de sodio, potassio e gordura. Foram identificados tres padroes alimentares: o Fator 1, o Fator 2, e o Fator 3. Em uma analise ajustada para fatores sociodemograficos, comportamentais e obesidade nao houve associacao entre a hipertensao e os padroes alimentares. Em uma analise estratificada para idade, houve associacao entre hipertensao e o Fator 2 nas mulheres com 40 anos ou mais (tercil 2 comparado ao 3 RP = 0.62; IC95%: 0.43-0.91; p = 0,050). O metodo estatistico (RRR), mostrou-se uma ferramenta util para a identificacao de padroes alimentares. Neste estudo, o padrao alimentar saudavel esteve diretamente associado a hipertensao nas mulheres entre 40 e 60 anos.