Marilia Ceccato

Efeito do treinamento com pesos na pressão arterial de repouso em idosas normotensas

INTRODUCTION: Resistance training (RT) has been widely used for older adults in order to minimize or reverse the deleterious effects of aging in the neuromuscular system. However, the potential benefits of RT on arterial blood pressure and heart rate at rest in older adults remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of eight weeks of RT on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in older women without hypertension. METHODS: Seventeen women (aged 66.0 ± 5.8 years) without previous experience in RT were randomly assigned to either a training (TG, n = 10) or control (CG, n = 7) groups. Hemodynamic parameters at rest were evaluated by auscultatory method (mercury sphygmomanometer) and HR monitor (Polar), before and after eight weeks of experimental period. RESULTS: Reductions attributable to RT were found only to SBP (-13.4 mmHg, p <0.01). Although significant reductions were observed for DBP and MBP, the analysis of covariance showed no interaction Group x Time significant. CONCLUSION: RT proved an effective training to promote adaptations in the cardiovascular system of older women without hypertension. Eight weeks of RT can significantly reduce SBP at rest in older women.

Efeito de diferentes intervalos de recuperação entre as séries sobre o desempenho muscular no exercício leg-press em idosas não treinadas

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of two different rest intervals (RI) between sets in the leg-press exercise on the number and sustainability of repetitions and total volume in untrained elderly women. METHODS: Eleven untrained elderly women (66.5 ± 5.0 years; 59.2 ± 9.1 kg; 146.4 ± 34.9 cm) were submitted to two experimental sessions of resistance exercise with intensity of 15 maximum repetitions. Each experimental session consisted of three sets performed until muscle fatigue with an RI of one (RI-1) or 3 minutes (RI-3). The experimental sessions were separated by at least 48 hours. All participants performed both protocols and a balanced cross-over outlining was used to determine the experimental sessions order. RESULTS: For both RI between sets, significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number and sustainability of repetitions was observed from the first to the second and third sets, and the second to the third sets. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the RI were observed in the two final sets. The total volume of the session with RI-3 was statistically higher (20.4%, P < 0.05) when compared with RI-1 session. CONCLUSION: The number and sustainability of repetitions and the total volume of training in untrained elderly women are influenced by the RI employed between sets. Longer RI should be used when the training goal is to increase training volume through the sustainability of repetitions. Conversely, a shorter RI should be used when the goal is to obtain higher levels of muscle fatigue.

Treinamento com pesos, velocidade de movimento e desempenho muscular: uma revisão sistemática

Estudos tem indicado o efeito da velocidade de movimento (VM) na promocao do desempenho e hipertrofia muscular de adultos jovens e idosos, contudo, nao se sabe qual a velocidade mais adequada para tais melhorias. O objetivo desta revisao e verificar o efeito cronico de diferentes VM na hipertrofia e desempenho muscular, em jovens e idosos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca sistematica nas bases de dados: Biological Abstracts, LILACS®, MEDLINE® (Pubmed), SciELO®, Scopus e Oxford Journal. Foram incluidos nesta revisao 12 artigos originais que avaliaram forca maxima isometrica e dinâmica (contracao voluntaria maxima, uma repeticao maxima, potencia) e hipertrofia muscular em humanos maiores de 18 anos apos periodos de TP com diferentes VM. Foram identificados 12 estudos. Os resultados sugerem que para jovens, a maior parte dos estudos demonstra aumento similar da potencia, forca e hipertrofia muscular independentemente VM treinada. Para idosos, a maioria dos estudos confirma melhora da forca muscular independentemente VM treinada. Contudo, para a potencia ainda ha controversias, pois alguns suportam que VM rapida e lenta sao eficientes igualmente, enquanto outros afirmam que VM rapida e melhor. Apenas um estudo com idosos avaliou a hipertrofia e este encontrou que ambas VM sao eficientes para aumento da mesma. Assim, conclui-se que independente da faixa etaria, para forca muscular, ambas as velocidades sao recomendadas e eficazes. Entretanto, para hipertrofia e potencia muscular ainda ha controversias na literatura, necessitando que se desenvolvam mais estudos que busquem esclarecer tais imprecisoes.