Marina de Oliveira Ribas

Antiadherent activity of Schinus terebinthifolius and Croton urucurana extracts on in vitro biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antiadherent property of crude, methanol and acetate methanol extract fractions from Schinus terebinthifolius and Croton urucurana in hydroalcoholic (HA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvents on in vitro biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans strains. DESIGN The minimal concentration of adherence (MICA) was determined to evaluate the antiadherent potential of extracts on the in vitro biofilm formation. The extracts of plants were subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) in order to detect what class of compounds was responsible for the antiadherent activity. Data were estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by Tukey test level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS Both plants demonstrated inhibition of S. mutans and C. albicans on in vitro biofilm formation. The biofilms of C. albicans were more efficiently inhibited by the S. terebinthifolius fraction of acetate-methanol and methanol in hydroalcoholic solvents (p<0.05). The S. mutans biofilms adherence was best inhibited by the S. terebinthifolius crude extract and its methanolic fraction, both in hydroalcoholic solvent (p<0.05). TLC of crude extracts and fractions of S. terebinthifolius detected the presence of several active compounds, including phenolic compounds, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and alkaloids. C. urucurana extracts confirmed activity for both microorganisms (p<0.05). However, higher concentrations were needed to achieve antiadherent activity, mainly to inhibit in vitro biofilm formation of C. albicans. CONCLUSION The antiadherent potential of both plants on in vitro biofilms formed by C. albicans and S. mutans were confirmed, suggesting the importance of studies about these extracts for therapeutic prevention of oral diseases associated with oral biofilms.

Cirurgia ortognática: orientações legais aos ortodontistas e cirurgiões bucofaciais

AbstractThe authors created a highligths list with the day-by-day working, focusing the law and literature review suggesting some attitudes involved with orthognathic treatment cases. Data came from orthodontists and bucomaxilofacial surgeon experts interviews and literatureKey words: Orthognathic surgery. Liability. Legal orientations. Enviado em: Abril de 2004Revisado e aceito: Fevereiro de 2005 a Justica, pois no Direito ja se fala em cobranca de responsabilidade por falta de informacao ou in-formacao incompleta 49 . Portanto e recomendavel que o cirurgiao e o ortodontista discorram o mais detalhadamente possivel sobre os dados envolven-do casos orto-cirurgicos. 1. AGHABEIGI, B.; HIRANAKA, D.; KEITH, D. A.; KELLY, J. P. Effect of orthognathic surgery on the temporomandibular joint in pa-tients with anterior open bite. Int Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg, Chicago, v. 16, no. 2, p. 153-160, 2001.2. AHMED, M. M. S. Long-term stability of anterior segmental maxillary osteotomy. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg,Chicago, v. 14, no. 4, p. 297-303, 1999.3. ALONSO, N. et al. Midfacial advancement by bone distraction for treatment of craniofacial deformities. J Craniofac Surg,Boston, v. 9, no. 2, p. 114-118, 1998.4. ARAUJO, A. Cirurgia ortognatica. Sao Paulo: Ed. Santos, 1998.5. ARNETT, G. W.; MILAM, S. B.; GOTTESMAN, L. Progressive mandi-bular retrusion-idiopathic condylar resorption. Part I. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, St. Louis, v. 110, p. 8-15, 1996.6. ARNETT, G. W.; TAMBORELLO, J. A. Progressive class II develo-pment. Female idiopathic condylar resorption. J Oral Maxillo-fac Surg Clin, Philadelphia, p. 699-716, 1990.7. BERTOLINI, F. et al. Pre - and post surgical psycho-emotional as-pects of the orthognathic surgery patient. Int Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg, Chicago, v. 15, p. 16-23, 2000.8. BRASIL. Codigo de defesa do consumidor. Sao Paulo: R. dos Tribunais, 1999.9. BRASIL. Novo Codigo Civil Brasileiro. Sao Paulo. R. dos Tribu-nais, 2002.10. BRASIL. Conselho Federal de Odontologia. Codigo de etica.Sao Paulo: R. dos tribunais, 2002.11. COCHRANE, S. M.; CUNNINGHAM, S. J.; HUNT, N. P. A com-parison of the perception of facial profile by the general public and 3 groups of clinicians. Int Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg, Chicago, v. 14, no. 4, p. 291-295, 1990.

Horizontal and vertical maxillary osteotomy stability, in cleft lip and palate patients, using allogeneic bone graft

OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to evaluate maxillary stability after orthodontic-surgical treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate. Cephalometric analysis was applied to two different groups, with and without allogeneic bone graft. METHODS The sample comprised 48 patients with cleft lip and palate. The test group comprised 25 patients who, after correction of maxillary position, received allogeneic bone graft at the gap created by Le Fort I osteotomy. The control group comprised 23 patients and its surgical procedures were similar to those applied to the test group, except for the use of bone graft. Manual cephalometric analysis and comparison between lateral teleradiographs, obtained at the preoperative phase, immediate postoperative phase and after a minimum period of six months, were carried out. RESULTS An higher horizontal relapse was observed in the control group (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in vertical relapses between test and control groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The use of allogeneic bone graft in cleft lip and palate patients submitted to Le Fort I osteotomy contributed to increase postoperative stability when compared to surgeries without bone graft.

Eagle’s Syndrome: Treatment by Intraoral Bilateral Resection of the Ossified Stylohyoid Ligament. A review and Report of Two Cases

Abstract The complexities of Eagle’s syndrome are examined according to anatomical, historical, clinical, and treatment aspects. There appears to be little correlation between the extent, form, and size of the anomalies of the styloid process and the stylohyoid ligament and the predictability of patients with related symptoms. Surgical treatment and the advantages and disadvantages of each surgical approach (intra- and extraoral) are discussed. The probable causes of enlargement of the styloid process and ossification of the stylohyoid ligament are addressed. Two cases of Eagle´s syndrome are presented: one unilateral and the other bilateral. An intraoral modified surgical technique is presented.

Salivary flow rate, calcium, urea, total protein, and amylase levels in fanconi anemia.

Objectives Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disease characterized by a chromosomal instability that develops a progressive pancitopenia, leukemia, and/or solid tumors. Nevertheless, it is unknown if this illness induces changes on the salivary gland parenchyma and function. The aim of this study was to assess the stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) and calcium, urea, total protein, and amylase levels in saliva of FA patients. Methods Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 34 randomly selected FA patients and 34 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Both samples were analyzed for salivary flow rate, calcium, urea, total proteins, and amylase. The SSFR was analyzed by gravimetric method and calcium, urea, total protein, and amylase concentrations were realized by chemistry tests. Results Mean values of SSFR for experimental and control groups were, respectively, 0.5 mL/min and 0.8 mL/min (P<0.05). Calcium concentration was 36% (P<0.05) and urea concentration was 21% (P<0.01) lower in the FA group saliva compared with saliva from the controls. The saliva concentration of amylase was almost equal in both groups. Conclusions FA patients may exhibit significant changes in SSFR, calcium, and urea concentration of saliva.

MMP-1 and MMP-8 expression in giant-cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia.

The aim of this study is to compare the immunoexpression of metalloproteinases 1 and 8 in giant-cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and normal mucosa. Twenty-two cases of giant-cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and oral mucosa (control) each were subjected to immunohistochemistry using anti-metalloproteinase-1 and anti-metalloproteinase-8 antibodies. Eight images of each case were captured and analysed through the a) application of a count grid to count the number of positive neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts and blood vessels to obtain the percentage of staining and b) semi-automated segmentation quantifying the stained area in square micrometres. Statistical tests included ANOVA Two-way, Kruskal Wallis and Games-Howell, with a significance level of 5%. An increased percentage of metalloproteinase-1-immunopositive blood vessels were observed in giant-cell fibroma (26.6±22.4; p=0.02) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (34.3±31.5; p=0.01) compared with the control group (19.6±9.2). No significant differences in inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and total area of metalloproteinase-1 and -8 were noted among the three groups. Metalloproteinase-1 apparently acts within the pathogenesis of giant-cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia.