Marina Dias Costa

Vitellogenesis and other physiological responses induced by 17-β-estradiol in males of freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen

This study investigated the effects of different doses of 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)) in Rhamdia quelen. Groups of males exposed to different doses of E(2) (0.1 mg kg(-)(1), 1 mg kg(-)(1) and 10 mg kg(-)(1)) were compared with non-exposed male and female fish groups. Among the considered biomarkers, no significant differences were observed for micronuclei test, reduced glutathione concentration and lipid peroxidation. All E(2)-treated individuals had decreased glutathione S-transferase activity. Increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, increased vitellogenin expression and decreased metallothionein concentration were observed in males treated with the highest dose. Liver of all test groups showed necrotic areas, but cytoplasm vacuolization was again found only in the individuals exposed to highest dose. E(2) causes deleterious hepatic effects to R. quelen, and vitellogenin expression, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and metallothionein concentration represent appropriate biomarkers for studying E(2) effects. Additionally, the response of some biomarkers was similar in males exposed to E(2) and unexposed females, and therefore exposure to endocrine disruptors may cause consequences for fish populations.

Assessment of quality of life of patients with leprosy reactional states treated in a dermatology reference center

BACKGROUND Disabilities and deformities resulting from reactive outbreaks of leprosy can cause many problems for the patients, interfering with their quality of life. OBJECTIVES To assess the quality of life of patients with leprosy reactional states identified at the Reference Center in Belo Horizonte - MG. METHODS This was an epidemiological cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study, involving 120 patients in treatment for leprosy reactional states, from December 2007 to March 2008, held at the Dermatology outpatients clinic of the Hospital Eduardo de Menezes from FHEMIG, BH. We used two instruments for the socio-demographic, economic and clinical variables and a generic instrument WHOQOL WHO. The data were tabulated in SPSS and analyzed using the mean score with the application of statistical tests (p <0.05). RESULTS We found that the median age of the patients was 48 years, most were males, married, from cities around BH, with incomplete elementary school, retired or pensioner, and with a family income of two minimum wages. Most of them reported that the disease interfered a great deal with their professional activities and leisure. In the assessment of QoL, the lowest rating was observed in the physical domain and the highest was observed in the psychological and social relations. The internal consistency of WHO-QOL-bref was acceptable to the facets and domains. CONCLUSIONS Leprosy causes suffering that goes beyond the pain and discomfort strictly related to the physical damage, with great social and psychological impact.

Study of the profile of the neurotrophin BDNF in new leprosy cases before, during and after multidrug therapy.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin involved in the survival of neurons and growth and differentiation of dendrites and axons. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate plasma levels of BDNF of leprosy patients at different stages of multidrug therapy (MDT) in comparison with non-infected individuals. Plasma levels of BDNF were measured by ELISA in 30 healthy controls and 37 leprosy patients at diagnosis, during and after MDT. Plasma levels of BDNF tended to be higher in control subjects in comparison with leprosy patients, but this difference does not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, BDNF levels changed following MDT, achieving statistical difference only at the 2(nd) dose of MDT. These results indicate that BDNF may not be a surrogate marker of leprosy infection and/or related neuropathy. Further research is needed to investigate the meaning of BDNF level changes following leprosy treatment.

Avaliação da expressão de interleucina 1 beta (IL-1β) e antagonista do receptor de interleucina 1 (IL-1Ra) em pacientes com hanseníase

A hanseniase e uma doenca infectocontagiosa espectral que acompanha-se por uma serie de eventos imunologicos desencadeados pela resposta do hospedeiro frente ao agente etiologico, o Mycobacterium leprae. Evidencias sugerem que a inducao e manutencao da resposta imune/inflamatoria na hanseniase estao vinculadas a interacoes de multiplas celulas e fatores soluveis, particularmente atraves da acao de citocinas. Nesse estudo, foram mensurados niveis de IL-1β e IL-1Ra de 37 casos novos de hanseniase acompanhados ao longo do tratamento e 30 controles sadios pelo teste ELISA. A coleta de sangue periferico foi realizada em quatro tempos para os casos de hanseniase (pre-tratamento com PQT, 2a dose, 6a dose e pos-PQT) e em unico momento para os controles. Na comparacao dos niveis das moleculas de casos no pre-PQT e controles, houve diferenca estatisticamente significativa somente para IL-1β. Nossos resultados sugerem a participacao dessa citocina no processo imune/inflamatorio.

Serial measurement of the circulating levels of tumour necrosis factor and its soluble receptors 1 and 2 for monitoring leprosy patients during multidrug treatment

Leprosy is an infectious and contagious spectral disease accompanied by a series of immunological events triggered by the host response to the aetiologic agent, Mycobacterium leprae . The induction and maintenance of the immune/inflammatory response in leprosy are linked to multiple cell interactions and soluble factors, primarily through the action of cytokines. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and its soluble receptors (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) in leprosy patients at different stages of multidrug treatment (MDT) in comparison with non-infected individuals and to determine their role as putative biomarkers of the severity of leprosy or the treatment response. ELISA was used to measure the levels of these molecules in 30 healthy controls and 37 leprosy patients at the time of diagnosis and during and after MDT. Our results showed increases in the serum levels of TNF-α and sTNF-R2 in infected individuals in comparison with controls. The levels of TNF-α, but not sTNF-R2, decreased with treatment. The current results corroborate previous reports of elevated serum levels of TNF-α in leprosy and suggest a role for sTNF-R2 in the control of this cytokine during MDT.