Marina Vranić

Effects of liquid manure application on yield, quality and botanical composition of grassland

The aim was to evaluate the effects of cattle liquid manure (LM) in combination with mineral fertilizers on the yield, quality and botanical composition of mountain grassland in comparison with mineral fertilization. Addition of 5.0 litre/m2 LM to mineral fertilizers applied increased the fresh weight yield by 63% and dry matter yield by 55% compared to mineral fertilization, while there were no significant differences between fertilization treatments in the contribution of grasses, legumes and forbs to the total DM yield, nor to neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) contents. The first cut forage had higher NDF (566.7 g/kg) and ADF (328 g/kg) and lower CP (151.64 g/kg) compared to the 2nd cut (509.8 g/kg, 290.1 g/kg, 169.13 g/kg, respectively), which seemed highly related to the significantly lower in-sacco dry matter degradability (786.2 g/kg) of this cut compared to the 2nd cut (794.14 g/kg). Mineral fertilization treatment had a higher rumen undegraded protein content (26.39 g/kg) than the combination of LM and mineral fertilizers (23.47 g/kg).

Effects of inclusion of maize silage in a diet based on grass silage on the intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention in wether sheep

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of interactions between grass silage (GS) dominated by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and maize silage (MS) (Zea mays L.) on ad libitum intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in wether sheep. The GS in this experiment reflected the quality of GS produced on family farms in Croatia, while the MS used is frequently produced in seasons unfavourable for high quality MS production. The study consisted of four feeding treatments involving GS and MS alone, and GS and MS mixtures in ratios of 67:33 or 33:67 (DM basis), fed twice daily. Mean DM contents of GS and MS were 396 and 264 g/kg fresh weight, respectively. MS was much lower (P < 0.001) in crude protein (CP) (62 g/kg DM) than the GS (120 g/kg DM). GS contained larger (P < 0.001) quantities of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) than MS. In contrast, MS contained more (P < 0.001) non-structural carbohydrate than GS, as starch, which comprised 211 g/kg DM. Inclusion of MS in the diet (33% v. 67%) had positive linear effects on fresh matter voluntary intake (P < 0.05), CP and starch digestibility (P < 0.05), and N balance (P < 0.05). A positive associative effect of GS and MS was observed for DM, organic matter intake (quadratic, P < 0.05), N intake and N balance (quadratic, P < 0.01), while it was negative for ADF digestibility (quadratic, P < 0.05). It was concluded that positive interactions of GS and MS were due to a better balance of available energy and protein when the two forages were fed together. No positive associative responses were recorded for digestibility, probably due to higher passage rates of digesta with MS supplementation i.e. lower MS quality in terms of maize plant maturity at harvest.

Cow colostrum and early milk enriched with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acid

The objective of the study was to explore whether it is possible to alter cow colostrum and early milk fatty acid composition with a low level of fat supplement, high in docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) fatty acid. Diets included a control diet and a diet supplemented with DHA- and EPA-enriched fat supplement. Addition of fat supplement significantly decreased saturated fatty acids, C14:0 and C16:0 and increased the values of monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n3 fatty acids, EPA, DHA, C18:1n9cis and C18:1n11trans. The percentage of short-chain fatty acids significantly increased with the progress of lactation, while the percentage of PUFA, n3 and n6 significantly decreased. These results showed that fat supplement, high in DHA and EPA, modified the fatty acid profile of colostrum and milk fat and increased the proportion of beneficial fatty acids for human health.

Intake and digestibility of sheep-fed alfalfa haylage supplemented with corn

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dry corn (DC) and fermented corn (FC) supplemented to alfalfa haylage (AH) (Medicago sativa L.) on feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) balance in wether sheep. The study consisted of five feeding treatments incorporating AH alone and AH supplemented with 5 or 10 g of DC (DC5 and DC10, respectively) or FC (FC5 and FC10, respectively) kg-1 body weight (BW) d-1 to Suffolk wethers. The DC5 and FC5 treatments were higher in acid detergent fibre (ADF) intake (P < 0.001), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake (P < 0.001), and N intake (P < 0.05) compared with the DC10 and FC10 treatments. Both energy sources (DC and FC) and supplemental levels (5 and 10 g kg-1 BW d-1) increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), and the digestibility of OM in DM (D value), and decreased the digestibility of ADF (P < 0.05). The DC10 and FC10 treatments had higher D values (P < 0.05) and reduced ADF digestibility values (P < 0.05) compared with the DC5 and FC5 treatments. The FC supplemented treatments had reduced N balances compared with DC treatments (P < 0.001). It was concluded that DC was a better supplement to AH than FC in terms of NDF intake, crude protein (CP) digestibility, and N balance. The main effect of increasing the level of starch supplementation to the diet was a reduced N and fibre intake, as well as N and fibre digestibility, but an increased D value.

THE FEEDING VALUE OF THE RATION BASED ON ALFALFA HAYLAGE SUPPLEMENTED WITH HIGH MOISTURE CORN IN WETHER SHEEP

The objectives of the experiment were to examine the effects of high moisture corn (HMC) supplementation to alfalfa haylage (Medicago sativa L.) (AH) on feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance in wether sheep. The study consisted of three feeding treatments incorporating AH only and AH supplemented with 5 or 10 g HMC d -1 kg -1 body weight of Suffolk wethers. Inclusion of HMC in the AH based ration had negative linear effects on acid detergent fibre (ADF) intake (p<0.001) and digestibility (p<0.05) while a positive on the digestibility of dry matter (DM) (p<0.05), organic matter (OM) (p<0.01) and the digestibility of OM in DM (D-value) (p<0.01). A positive associative response of AH and HMC was observed for DM and OM ad libitum intake (g kg -1 M 0.75 d -1 ) (quadratic, p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Negative linear effects of AH and HMC were observed for nitrogen (N) intake (p<0.05). The inclusion of HMC into AH based ration did not influence N balance in wether sheep. It was concluded that a positive associative response of the two forages was recorded for a limited number of parameters, probably due to lower quality of HMC than required for improved utilization of the AH based ration.