Josip Leto

Effects of liquid manure application on yield, quality and botanical composition of grassland

The aim was to evaluate the effects of cattle liquid manure (LM) in combination with mineral fertilizers on the yield, quality and botanical composition of mountain grassland in comparison with mineral fertilization. Addition of 5.0 litre/m2 LM to mineral fertilizers applied increased the fresh weight yield by 63% and dry matter yield by 55% compared to mineral fertilization, while there were no significant differences between fertilization treatments in the contribution of grasses, legumes and forbs to the total DM yield, nor to neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) contents. The first cut forage had higher NDF (566.7 g/kg) and ADF (328 g/kg) and lower CP (151.64 g/kg) compared to the 2nd cut (509.8 g/kg, 290.1 g/kg, 169.13 g/kg, respectively), which seemed highly related to the significantly lower in-sacco dry matter degradability (786.2 g/kg) of this cut compared to the 2nd cut (794.14 g/kg). Mineral fertilization treatment had a higher rumen undegraded protein content (26.39 g/kg) than the combination of LM and mineral fertilizers (23.47 g/kg).

Blood metabolites and haematological indices of beef cattle fed rumen-protected methionine

U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja uticaja, u buragu nerazgradljivog, zasticenog (by-pass) metionina na neke vrednosti hematoloskih i biohemijskih parametara u krvi tovne junadi, ukljucujuci ukupne proteine, albumine, triacilglicerole, ukupni holesterol, glukozu, ureu, kreatinin, aktivnost alanin-aminotransferaze (ALT), aktivnost aspartat-aminotransferaze (AST), aktivnost gamaglutamil- transferaze (GGT), broj eritrocita (RBC), srednji volumen eritrocita (MCV), srednju vrednost hemoglobina eritrocita (MCH), raspodelu eritrocita po volumenu (RDW), koncentraciju hemoglobina (Hb), hematokrit (Hct), broj leukocita (WBC) i diferencijalnu krvnu sliku. Istraživanje je trajalo 94 dana i izvrseno je na 26 životinja podeljenih u dve jednake grupe, kontrolnu (C) i oglednu (E). Junad je hranjena livadskim senom i kukuruznom silažom uz dnevni dodatak 500 g krmne smese (35% CP) po grlu. Životinje iz grupe E su dnevno, po grlu, dobijale i 10 g DL-metionina zasticenog od razgradnje u buragu. Uzorci krvi su uzimani 1., 34., 68. i 94. dana ogleda. Nivo glukoze i ukupnog holesterola u plazmi grupe E je pokazivao tendenciju rasta prema kraju ogleda (P=0,065 odnosno P=0,064), dok je nivo uree imao tendenciju pada (P=0,082). Aktivnost ALT, kod životinja grupe E, je pokazivala 68. i 94. dana tendenciju porasta (P=0,127 odnosno P=0,104). Razlike u koncentraciji ukupnih proteina, albumina, triacilglicerola, kreatinina i aktivnosti AST i GGT između grupa nisu bile signifikanatne. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da bi suvisak metionina mogao da izazove porast nivoa glukagona u krvnoj plazmi.

The effect of harvest date on forage production and crude protein yield of forage pea and small grain cereal mixtures

This research was conducted to determine how forage yield and crude protein (CP) concentration of forage pea-rye (Secale cereale L.), forage pea-triticale (X Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.) and forage pea-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercrops are affected by harvest at two small grain cereals growth stages (milk and soft-dough).The base seeding rate used in this study was 100 seeds m-2 of forage pea in mixture with 200 seeds m-2 of each cereal. A summary of production treatments involved: fertilisation before plowing (40 kg N ha-1, 130 kg P ha-1, 130 kg K ha-1), plowing at 30 cm, granular topdressing 2 x 30 kg N ha-1. In the early flowering stage of forage pea DM yield was significantly (P=0, 05) lower than when it was cut in early seed vegetative stage. The highest forage pea DM yield was obtained in mixture with wheat. Triticale in mixture with forage pea gained significantly the highest yield of DM among all small grain cereals, and that affected in great portion total DM yield that was also significantly highest with that mixture. In the early flowering stage of forage pea CP yield was significantly lower than when it was cut in early seed vegetative stage. The highest forage pea CP yield was obtained in mixture with wheat. All cereals in mixtures with forage pea significantly better yielded in late boot vegetative stage compared to early head. The conclusion of this research is that the highest yield of DM and CP was obtained with the mixture of forage winter pea and triticale.

Effects of inclusion of maize silage in a diet based on grass silage on the intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention in wether sheep

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of interactions between grass silage (GS) dominated by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and maize silage (MS) (Zea mays L.) on ad libitum intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in wether sheep. The GS in this experiment reflected the quality of GS produced on family farms in Croatia, while the MS used is frequently produced in seasons unfavourable for high quality MS production. The study consisted of four feeding treatments involving GS and MS alone, and GS and MS mixtures in ratios of 67:33 or 33:67 (DM basis), fed twice daily. Mean DM contents of GS and MS were 396 and 264 g/kg fresh weight, respectively. MS was much lower (P < 0.001) in crude protein (CP) (62 g/kg DM) than the GS (120 g/kg DM). GS contained larger (P < 0.001) quantities of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) than MS. In contrast, MS contained more (P < 0.001) non-structural carbohydrate than GS, as starch, which comprised 211 g/kg DM. Inclusion of MS in the diet (33% v. 67%) had positive linear effects on fresh matter voluntary intake (P < 0.05), CP and starch digestibility (P < 0.05), and N balance (P < 0.05). A positive associative effect of GS and MS was observed for DM, organic matter intake (quadratic, P < 0.05), N intake and N balance (quadratic, P < 0.01), while it was negative for ADF digestibility (quadratic, P < 0.05). It was concluded that positive interactions of GS and MS were due to a better balance of available energy and protein when the two forages were fed together. No positive associative responses were recorded for digestibility, probably due to higher passage rates of digesta with MS supplementation i.e. lower MS quality in terms of maize plant maturity at harvest.

Energy valorization of Miscanthus x giganteus biomass: A case study in Croatia

The aim of this study is to determine the calorific values, chemical composition (proximate and ultimate analysis, micro and macro elements) and cell structure (composition of lignocellulose) of Miscanthus x giganteus biomass cultivated in Croatian. Research results represents the average values of biomass (n = 108) cultivated at two locations in Croatia (Bistra, Medvednica), during the three-year research period, three harvest periods (autumn, winter, spring) per year and two fertilizer treatments (N0 i N50). Determined average values of some important parameters are: low calorific value - 17.25 MJ/kg, ash content - 1.49 %, carbon content - 48.75 %, nitrogen content - 0.47 %, sulfur content - 0.07 %, cellulose content - 49.22 % and lignin content - 29.25 %. The obtained results have shown that Miscanthus x giganteus has potential to be a significant source of good quality raw material in the production of solids biofuels.

THE FEEDING VALUE OF THE RATION BASED ON ALFALFA HAYLAGE SUPPLEMENTED WITH HIGH MOISTURE CORN IN WETHER SHEEP

The objectives of the experiment were to examine the effects of high moisture corn (HMC) supplementation to alfalfa haylage (Medicago sativa L.) (AH) on feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance in wether sheep. The study consisted of three feeding treatments incorporating AH only and AH supplemented with 5 or 10 g HMC d -1 kg -1 body weight of Suffolk wethers. Inclusion of HMC in the AH based ration had negative linear effects on acid detergent fibre (ADF) intake (p<0.001) and digestibility (p<0.05) while a positive on the digestibility of dry matter (DM) (p<0.05), organic matter (OM) (p<0.01) and the digestibility of OM in DM (D-value) (p<0.01). A positive associative response of AH and HMC was observed for DM and OM ad libitum intake (g kg -1 M 0.75 d -1 ) (quadratic, p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Negative linear effects of AH and HMC were observed for nitrogen (N) intake (p<0.05). The inclusion of HMC into AH based ration did not influence N balance in wether sheep. It was concluded that a positive associative response of the two forages was recorded for a limited number of parameters, probably due to lower quality of HMC than required for improved utilization of the AH based ration.