Marisa de Cacia Oliveira

Avaliação sazonal do rendimento de óleo essencial em espécies de menta

O genero Mentha compreende diversas especies de interesse economico por causa da producao de oleos essenciais. Recentemente, foram introduzidos no Brasil novos materiais geneticos para avaliacao da adaptacao em relacao ao potencial de rendimento e composicao do oleo essencial. No presente trabalho, foram comparadas essas caracteristicas em cultivares das especies Mentha x piperita L. (cv. Grapefruit Mint e cv. Persian Mint Field), M. suaveolens Ehrh. (cv. Hillarys Sweet Lemon Mint), M. spicata L. (cv. Mentol Mint), M. aquatica L. (cv. Common Mint) e M. arvensis L. (cv. Banana Mint), durante o verao e inverno em Curitiba (PR). O rendimento medio das cultivares no verao foi aproximadamente o dobro do rendimento observado no inverno. Duas cultivares de Mentha x piperita L. (cv. Persina Mint Field e cv. Grapefruit Mint) apresentaram maior rendimento de oleo essencial no verao e inverno, sendo que as demais nao diferiram entre si. A analise da composicao do oleo essencial indicou grande variacao nessas cultivares, sendo observada a presenca de linalol, como constituinte majoritario na cv. Grapefruit Mint e a-felandren-8-ol e cis-ocimeno na cv. Persian Mint Field.

DENSIDADE DE TRICOMAS GLANDULARES E PRODUÇÃO DE ÓLEO ESSENCIAL EM MENTHA ARVENSIS L., MENTHA X PIPERITA L. E MENTHA CF. AQUATICA L.

The genus Mentha has economic importance as a source ofessential oil for food, cosmetic and pharmacy industries. Terpenes arethe main constituents of the essential oil of these species and theirbiosynthesis is located in leaf peltate trichome glands. The essential oilyield and composition of the species Mentha cf. aquatica L., Mentha xpiperita L. e Mentha arvensis L. was compared and the density of trichomeglands on leaf zones (abaxial proximal, abaxial middle, abaxial distal,adaxial proximal, adaxial middle and adaxial distal) determined. Theexperiment was carried out at Center of Experimental Station of Canguiri,UFPR, using plants propagated by stem cuttings. The trichome countingwas performed by optical microscopy on expanded leaves of the sixthinternode and the essential oil extraction by hydrodistillation during sixhours. The highest density of trichomes was observed on middle andproximal zones of Mentha arvensis and distal adaxial zone of Mentha xpiperita. Mentha cf. aquatica showed the highest density of trichome ondistal zone of abaxial face. Other factors beside trichome density as lossesby volatilization and catabolism seems to be more important ondetermining the essential oil accumulation as higher yield was observedin Mentha x piperita (32.09 µL.g-1 DW) and Mentha cf. aquatica (33.23µL.g-1 DW) than in Mentha arvensis (16.61 µL.g-1 DW). The constituentslinalool and linalyl acetate were predominants on M. aquatica and M. xpiperita, and α-terpineol on M. arvensis. The obtained results indicatethe possibility to use these genetic materials for linalool production bythe cosmetic and food industry.

Mineral and organic fertilizer in two Physalis species

Physalis cultivation can be an alternative of extra income for small and medium producers, mainly with the use of materials available on the property that can replace chemical fertilizer. This study aimed to evaluate agronomic parameters of Physalis peruviana and P. pubescens submitted two different sources of fertilization - chemical and organic. We evaluated plant height, shoot dry mass, production/plant, fruits diameter and weight and productivity. The organic fertilization provided better results for vegetative parameters. Regarding production, fertilization resulted in increase in mass, with no significant difference between sources. In the production of fruits/plant we obtained 156.2 g, 274.6 and 355.5 g for unfertilized, chemical and organic fertilizers, respectively, without significant differences between species. The productivity estimates were 2,370, 1,831 and 1,041 kg ha-1, for organic, mineral and unfertilized treatments, respectively. These results demonstrate that organic fertilizer with poultry manure is the best alternative as a source of nutrients, which may result in gains to the producer by the use of originated waste from other activities, as well as lower environmental contamination, either by improper disposal of waste or the use of chemical fertilizers. Key words: Nitrogen, nutrition, poultry litter, production, Solanaceae

Chemical characteristics of fruits of two species of Physalis under nitrogen fertilization

Although small fruits, with some exceptions, are not yet as popular in Brazil, some farmers have invested in this market and the genus Physalis can be an important alternative source of income due to its high added value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. To date, there are no specific fertilizer recommendations for even the most cultivated species (Physalis peruviana) and therefore the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on quality of fruits of Physalis peruviana and Physalis pubescens. Plants were grown in 5 L pots containing soil and maintained in a controlled environment, in greenhouse. Treatments consisted of five N levels (kg ha -1 ): 0, 200, 250, 300 and 350, with seven replicates per treatment. Variables evaluated were total soluble sugars and reducing sugars, phenolics, pH, titratable acidity and fruit diameter. Nitrogen increased soluble sugars (350 kg ha -1 ) and reducing sugars (300 kg ha -1 ), mainly in P. pubescens. There was a slight increase of juice pH, but concentrations of total phenols and citric acid decreased with increasing levels of N. Fruit diameter of the two species of Physalis was increased by N fertilization, and the best N level was 300 kg ha -1 .

MUDAS DE Physalis pubescens L. PROPAGADAS POR DIFERENTES MÉTODOS E SUBSTRATOS

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a relacao entre metodos de propagacao e tipo de substrato no desenvolvimento de plantas de Physalis pubescens L., onde foram avaliadas plantas produzidas a partir de sementes e estacas herbaceas. Como substratos foram empregados os seguintes tratamentos: (SA) Solo + areia; (SV) Solo + vermiculita; (SP) Solo + Plantmax®; (SAV); Solo + areia + vermiculita e (S) Solo. As seguintes variaveis foram analisadas: comprimento da parte aerea e da maior raiz; area foliar; massas fresca e seca das folhas, caules e raizes; volume radicular. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial de 2x5 (metodo x substrato), com 10 repeticoes por tratamento. Observou-se interacao significativa entre os fatores para massas fresca e seca dos caules, com destaque para o metodo estaquia e os substratos SA, SP e S. Para o comprimento da parte aerea e da maior raiz, a propagacao por estaquia foi superior a via seminifera, ao contrario da area foliar, massa fresca e seca de folhas e raizes, que nao apresentaram diferencas significativas. Quanto aos substratos, nao houve diferenca significativa para nenhuma das variaveis citadas anteriormente. Portanto, concluiu-se que a utilizacao da estaquia com qualquer um dos substratos empregados, em condicoes controladas, e mais eficiente na producao de mudas se comparado a producao por sementes.