Marlene de Matos Malavasi

Quantificação do banco de sementes sob diferentes usos do solo em área de domínio ciliar

The objective of this study was to evaluate the seed bank of areas under different uses (forest patches, agriculture and pasture). Soil was sampled during three seasons. Mean number of individuals in forest patches, agriculture and pasture areas were of 551.68; 451.36; and 452.48 species per square meter, respectively. The largest mean number of species was collected in the summer sampling with 46.72 species per square meter. Among the identified species, 65.4% were classified as weeds, 7.41% as grasses, and 27.19% as arboreal species. Among the arboreal species 19 families were identified as Ulmaceae, Cecropiaceae and Euphorbiaceae, yielding the highest number of seedlings. Areas with forest patches presented the highest number of arboreal species.

Morfologia de frutos, sementes, plântulas e plantas jovens de Dimorphandra mollis Benth. - faveira (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae)

Foram estudados os aspectos morfologicos externos e internos do fruto e da semente, alem de aspectos externos do processo germinativo e das fases de plântula e planta jovem de Dimorphandra mollis Benth. O trabalho foi realizado em laboratorio e casa de vegetacao, sendo observado que os frutos sao indeiscentes, as sementes sao albuminosas, a germinacao e epigea fanerocotiledonar e, na fase de planta jovem, ocorre um espessamento das raizes primaria e secundarias. Os resultados apresentados podem ser uteis em estudos taxonomicos, em trabalhos de laboratorio e viveiro, bem como para estudos de regeneracao natural.

Physiological maturity of seeds and colorimetry of fruits of Jatropha curcas L.

The objective was to relate the coloration of fruits of Jatropha curcas L during the maturation process with morphometric (fruits and seeds) and germinative characteristics (seeds). Fruits were collected at various maturation stages from mast trees located in Eldorado/MS, and six maturation stages were visually classified based on fruits epicarp color. Epicarp digital colorimetry was used to characterize maturation stages in addition to morphometric variables of length and width of fruits and seeds, as well their water content. For determining the physiological potential it was used germination test, emergence velocity index and first count of germination. Results indicated that seeds of J. curcas should be harvested when fruit epicarp shows a reading equal or smaller than 82, 70 or 65 nm of red, green or blue scales from a digital color analyzer. Seeds of fruits with that colorimetry can be harvested in virtue of the maxim acumululation of dry mass, water content below 38,5% and higher physiological potential.

Aplicação do teste de tetrazólio em sementes de Gleditschia amorphoides Taub. Caesalpinaceae

The objectives of the study were to standardize the tetrazolium test and to evaluate its applicability to estimate viability of Gleditschia amorphoides seeds. Initially, different pre-conditioning treatments were tested: intact seed, mechanical scarification, scarification followed by 24 or 48 hours of imbibition, with and without seed coat removal. All the pre-treated seeds were submitted to 1, 3 or 6 hours in tetrazolium solution at 0.025; 0.050; 0.075 and 0.10% at 35oC, in the dark. Seeds subjected to scarification and imbibed for 48 hours, with seed coat removal immersed in 0.075 % solution for 3 hours presented ideal coloration making possible the distinction of viable from unviable seeds. Using the above described protocol we evaluated it to estimate viability of Gleditschia amorphoides seeds by comparing with germination tests. There were no significant differences between results from either test. The protocol using 0.075% tetrazolium solution for 3 hours can estimate viability of Gleditschia amorphoides seeds.

Efeito do volume do tubete no crescimento inicial de plântulas de Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud e Jacaranda micranta Cham.

This study compared the effects of container volume upon initial seedling growth of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud and Jacaranda micranta Cham. 180 days after the planting. The plastic containers used were filled with commercial nursery substrate and displayed volumes of 55, 120, 180 and 300 cm 3 . No mortality was recorded among seedlings of all container sizes. There were no statistical differences in respect of height and stem diameter from seedlings cultivated in 120, 180 and 300 cm 3 containers 180 days after the planting date.

Storage of physic nut seeds in different environments and packaging

Sementes de pinhao manso (Jatropha curcas L.) possuem caracteristicas ortodoxas e requerem conhecimento sobre os fatores que afetam a manutencao de sua qualidade fisiologica. Assim, objetivou-se neste estudo identificar as condicoes adequadas de armazenamento para a manutencao da qualidade fisiologica de sementes de pinhao manso. Na avaliacao dos metodos de armazenamento, utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x3+1, sendo os fatores constituidos por tres embalagens (saco de papel Kraft, saco de polietileno e embalagem de vidro), tres ambientes de armazenamento (laboratorio com condicoes nao controladas, câmara refrigerada a 14 - 16 oC e refrigerador a 4-6 oC) e avaliacao inicial do material em estudo. Foram analisados os valores de teor de agua, primeira contagem de germinacao em ambiente controlado. Tambem se avaliou o indice de velocidade de emergencia, porcentagem de germinacao das sementes e Indice de Qualidade de Dickson para as mudas apos 45 dias da semeadura em ambiente propagativo nao controlado. As sementes armazenadas em embalagem de vidro e ambiente de geladeira mantiveram a sua qualidade fisiologica, podendo ser armazenadas pelo periodo de 180 dias.

Sobrevivência e crescimento do pinhão-manso em função do método de aplicação e formulações de hidrogel

This study compared the effects of formulations and methods of hydrogel application on the survival and initial seedling growth of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.). The study was conducted in Pato Bragado, PR during 2009 and 2010. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial composed by five formulations of hydrogel (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g L-1) and two application methods (immersion of roots into hydrogel previously hydrated and application of 0.5 L directly in the planting hole). Measurements included the percentage of survival, seedling height and diameter increments, and number of branches three and eighteen months after planting. The analysis with three months data revealed significant effects (p 0.05) was observed for the application methods or hydrogel formulations. The use of 0.5 L of a 7.0 g L-1 of hydrogel directly into the planting hole favored significantly the establishment of physic nut seedling and formulations above the suggested concentration reduced seedling growth in western Parana.

Efeito de um protetor físico na semeadura direta de duas espécies florestais em área de domínio ciliar

The study compared the effects of a plastic bottle as a shelter on direct spot seeding of two forest species. Four water soaked seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. (timburi) or Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. (canafistula) were spot seeded in autumn, winter or spring in a riparian area located on the western portion of Parana state, Brazil. Calculation of population variables included accumulative percentage of live germinants 30 days after seeding (emergency), percentage of live seedlings 90 days after seeding (survival), percentage of seeded spots per plot (formed by 15 seeding spots) with at least one live seedling (population density), as well as seedling height and diameter. Autumn seeding resulted in 45 % of live timburi germinants 30 days after seeding, while survival of canafistula germinants (average of 75.5%) was independent of seeding season. The use of shelter on the seeding spot increased emergency of germinants from the two species when seeded in the autumn (12%) or in the winter (10%), and increased survival of the spring seeding and population density of autumn or spring seeding seasons with canafistula.

Influence of foliar fertilization with manganese on germination, vigor and storage time of RR soybean seeds

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of foliar fertilizer doses containing Mn of phenological stages of suggested application in RR soybeans, to recover management damages with glyphosate at postemergence application on seed vigor in post-harvest and post six months storage. The seeds originated from a field experiment conducted , which included two applications of glyphosate, concomitant with foliar fertilizer in growth stages V4 and V6, with 0.00, 113.50 and 227.00 mg ha-1doses of Mn2+. Germination, GSI (Germination Speed Index), electrical conductivity tests and the first count of seeds were conducted. The application of Mn did not affect the physiological quality of RR soy in postharvest. However, in post-storage, higher doses of Mn had a negative effect on tests of abnormal seedlings, GSI and electrical conductivity. The applications of Mn, regardless of the developmental stage, did not interfere in the germination and first count tests, with and without storage. The electrical conductivity test showed a higher correlation with the seed germination test in the post-harvest treatment.

EFEITO DA TIGMOMORFOGÊNESE NA MORFOMETRIA DE MUDAS DE Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad.) Planch.

O presente estudo objetivou quantificar alteracoes morfologicas decorrentes de estimulos mecânicos por flexoes caulinares na fase de rustificacao de mudas de espinheira-santa [Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad.) Planch.]. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de sombra sob delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5, formado por mudas divididas em duas classes quanto a altura da parte aerea e cinco intensidades de flexoes caulinares (0, 5, 10, 20 e 40) efetuadas diariamente durante trinta dias, em quatro repeticoes de dez mudas. O efeito dos estimulos mecânicos foi quantificado pelos incrementos na altura, no diâmetro do coleto, assim como pela mensuracao da biomassa de raiz e da parte aerea com os quais se determinou a taxa de crescimento absoluto. Complementarmente, foi mensurada a perda de eletrolitos de raizes. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de regressao a 5%. Os resultados indicaram que o aumento do numero de flexoes caulinares induziu a reducao no incremento em altura, no extravasamento de eletrolitos dos tecidos radiculares e, no aumento do incremento no diâmetro do coleto e na biomassa de raizes em mudas classificadas por altura. A biomassa da parte aerea de mudas com maiores dimensoes aumentou com ate 20 flexoes mesmo com a reducao linear na altura e, consequentemente, elevou a taxa de crescimento. Estimulos mecânicos por meio de flexoes caulinares e uma opcao para promover alteracoes morfologicas em mudas de Maytenus ilicifolia elevando a rusticidade e a qualidade das mudas aptas ao plantio.