Ubirajara Contro Malavasi

Quantificação do banco de sementes sob diferentes usos do solo em área de domínio ciliar

The objective of this study was to evaluate the seed bank of areas under different uses (forest patches, agriculture and pasture). Soil was sampled during three seasons. Mean number of individuals in forest patches, agriculture and pasture areas were of 551.68; 451.36; and 452.48 species per square meter, respectively. The largest mean number of species was collected in the summer sampling with 46.72 species per square meter. Among the identified species, 65.4% were classified as weeds, 7.41% as grasses, and 27.19% as arboreal species. Among the arboreal species 19 families were identified as Ulmaceae, Cecropiaceae and Euphorbiaceae, yielding the highest number of seedlings. Areas with forest patches presented the highest number of arboreal species.

Physiological maturity of seeds and colorimetry of fruits of Jatropha curcas L.

The objective was to relate the coloration of fruits of Jatropha curcas L during the maturation process with morphometric (fruits and seeds) and germinative characteristics (seeds). Fruits were collected at various maturation stages from mast trees located in Eldorado/MS, and six maturation stages were visually classified based on fruits epicarp color. Epicarp digital colorimetry was used to characterize maturation stages in addition to morphometric variables of length and width of fruits and seeds, as well their water content. For determining the physiological potential it was used germination test, emergence velocity index and first count of germination. Results indicated that seeds of J. curcas should be harvested when fruit epicarp shows a reading equal or smaller than 82, 70 or 65 nm of red, green or blue scales from a digital color analyzer. Seeds of fruits with that colorimetry can be harvested in virtue of the maxim acumululation of dry mass, water content below 38,5% and higher physiological potential.

Aplicação do teste de tetrazólio em sementes de Gleditschia amorphoides Taub. Caesalpinaceae

The objectives of the study were to standardize the tetrazolium test and to evaluate its applicability to estimate viability of Gleditschia amorphoides seeds. Initially, different pre-conditioning treatments were tested: intact seed, mechanical scarification, scarification followed by 24 or 48 hours of imbibition, with and without seed coat removal. All the pre-treated seeds were submitted to 1, 3 or 6 hours in tetrazolium solution at 0.025; 0.050; 0.075 and 0.10% at 35oC, in the dark. Seeds subjected to scarification and imbibed for 48 hours, with seed coat removal immersed in 0.075 % solution for 3 hours presented ideal coloration making possible the distinction of viable from unviable seeds. Using the above described protocol we evaluated it to estimate viability of Gleditschia amorphoides seeds by comparing with germination tests. There were no significant differences between results from either test. The protocol using 0.075% tetrazolium solution for 3 hours can estimate viability of Gleditschia amorphoides seeds.

Efeito do volume do tubete no crescimento inicial de plântulas de Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud e Jacaranda micranta Cham.

This study compared the effects of container volume upon initial seedling growth of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud and Jacaranda micranta Cham. 180 days after the planting. The plastic containers used were filled with commercial nursery substrate and displayed volumes of 55, 120, 180 and 300 cm 3 . No mortality was recorded among seedlings of all container sizes. There were no statistical differences in respect of height and stem diameter from seedlings cultivated in 120, 180 and 300 cm 3 containers 180 days after the planting date.

Storage of physic nut seeds in different environments and packaging

Sementes de pinhao manso (Jatropha curcas L.) possuem caracteristicas ortodoxas e requerem conhecimento sobre os fatores que afetam a manutencao de sua qualidade fisiologica. Assim, objetivou-se neste estudo identificar as condicoes adequadas de armazenamento para a manutencao da qualidade fisiologica de sementes de pinhao manso. Na avaliacao dos metodos de armazenamento, utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x3+1, sendo os fatores constituidos por tres embalagens (saco de papel Kraft, saco de polietileno e embalagem de vidro), tres ambientes de armazenamento (laboratorio com condicoes nao controladas, câmara refrigerada a 14 - 16 oC e refrigerador a 4-6 oC) e avaliacao inicial do material em estudo. Foram analisados os valores de teor de agua, primeira contagem de germinacao em ambiente controlado. Tambem se avaliou o indice de velocidade de emergencia, porcentagem de germinacao das sementes e Indice de Qualidade de Dickson para as mudas apos 45 dias da semeadura em ambiente propagativo nao controlado. As sementes armazenadas em embalagem de vidro e ambiente de geladeira mantiveram a sua qualidade fisiologica, podendo ser armazenadas pelo periodo de 180 dias.

Sobrevivência e crescimento do pinhão-manso em função do método de aplicação e formulações de hidrogel

This study compared the effects of formulations and methods of hydrogel application on the survival and initial seedling growth of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.). The study was conducted in Pato Bragado, PR during 2009 and 2010. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial composed by five formulations of hydrogel (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g L-1) and two application methods (immersion of roots into hydrogel previously hydrated and application of 0.5 L directly in the planting hole). Measurements included the percentage of survival, seedling height and diameter increments, and number of branches three and eighteen months after planting. The analysis with three months data revealed significant effects (p 0.05) was observed for the application methods or hydrogel formulations. The use of 0.5 L of a 7.0 g L-1 of hydrogel directly into the planting hole favored significantly the establishment of physic nut seedling and formulations above the suggested concentration reduced seedling growth in western Parana.

Influence of temperature and substrate on Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze seed germination

It was quantified the influence of temperature and substrate on the germination of Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze seeds. The experiments used a completely randomized factorial experimental design involving a constant 25 oC thermoperiod or alternating 30 oC / 20 oC thermoperiod (both with a 8 h light:16 h dark photoperiod), sand or filter paper substrates, and seeds from three mature trees. All experiments used four replicates of 25 seeds each. Evaluations included percentage germination (radicle > 2 mm), percentages of normal and abnormal seedlings, mean germination, speed and mean germination time. While temperature did not alter the percentage germination a constant temperature of 25 oC on filter paper resulted in a higher percentage germination of normal seedlings with radical protrusion (65.8%) and a smaller percentage of abnormal seedlings (16.5%). Moreover, seeds with the highest water content (10.3%) and mass of a thousand seeds (8.91 g) resulted in the lowest germination speed and the highest mean germination time. We concluded that the seed lot characteristics interfered with the results, indicating the need for further investigation into germinative differences from different provenances of the same tree species.

Avaliação Morfofisiológica em Mudas de Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos Durante a Rustificação / Morphophysiological Evaluation in Seedlings of Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos During Hardening

The present study aimed to quantify the effects of hydric management during the hardening process of Handroanthus impetiginosus seedlings by means of foliar thermography and morphometric parameters of quality. Irrigation treatments of 60 seedlings each were carried out at the following frequencies: daily (control), and every two, three, and four days for four weeks. Measures of leaf temperature (LT), height increment, collar diameter, and root dry mass were performed. Quantification of LT occurred at the end of each irrigation management cycle and analysis of the other variables studied was performed at the beginning and end of the hardening process. Seedlings of H. impetiginosus irrigated daily presented higher diameter increment in relation to those irrigated every three days, and the seedlings irrigated every four days showed higher root system growth and reduction of aerial part growth. The use of infrared thermometry allowed LT assessment in seedlings of H. impetiginosus during hardening. It was possible to verify that the longer the water stress period, the higher the leaf temperature, with the highest temperature observed in seedlings irrigated every four days.

Effect of ethephon on hardening of Pachystroma longifolium seedlings

Immediately after planting, tree seedlings face adverse environmental and biotic stresses that must be overcome to ensure survival and to yield a desirable growth. Hardening practices in the nursery may help improve seedling stress resistance through reduction of aboveground plant tissues and increased root volume and biomass. We conducted an assay to quantify changes in the morphogenesis following application of ethephon on seedlings of Pachystroma longifolium (Ness) I. M. Johnst.during hardening. The results showed no effect of the ethephon treatments on the number of leaves but a reduction of up to 50% in seedling height increment, and an increase in stem diameter increment of up to 44% with the 600 mg L -1 ethephon treatment, which consequently altered seedling Dickson Quality Index. Our results indicate that ethephon may help to promote desired morphological changes that occur during seedling hardening in nurseries.

AVALIAÇÃO DA INTENSIDADE LUMINOSA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE LEUCENA (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.)

The study objective was to evaluate the effects of light intensities upon the initial development of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings. The study was conducted inside a preservation area around a drinking water well used to supply Marechal Cândido Rondon residents from September 11th to November 20 th , 2007. The seeds collected from mature leucaena trees located on an adjacent county (Toledo) went through break dormancy in vases, in water at 80 Celsius degrees and sown by using 10 units per vase. The vases were distributed in the area obeying an entirely randomized design with 13 light intensities (treatments) and 10 replications (vases), adding up to 130 vases. Five and two seedlings per vase were left after thinning executed 10 and 20 days after the sowing, respectively. Sixty days after the sowing, the seedlings were collected for the measurements of the stem diameter, the plant height, the number and area of leaves as well as the root, the stem and the leaf biomasses. Results indicated that there is a polynomial relationship of the fourth order between biometric parameters and light intensity; the highest significances were calculated for intensities of 643 and 2273 Lux indicating that leucaena can be considered pioneering and tolerant to direct sunlight.