Marlos de Souza Coelho

Diretrizes para a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da hiperidrose compensatória

With the objective of establishing guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of compensatory hyperhidrosis, consensus meetings were held. Attendees included a general surgeon and thoracic surgeons affiliated with the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery. The topics addressed were those that would ostensibly broaden multidisciplinary knowledge. Based on recent guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and (clinical and surgical) treatment of compensatory hyperhidrosis, as well as on a review of the medical literature, the participants prepared a preliminary text, whose recommendations were revised and subsequently approved by all of the participants. The consensus text was posted on the Internet, becoming the object of further corrections and revisions prior to taking on its present form.

Bloqueio por clipagem de gânglios simpáticos torácicos no tratamento da hiper-hidrose

BACKGROUND: Videothoracoscopic for the treatment of hyperhidrosis is carried out by clamping of the sympathetic trunk, with a possibility for reversal in cases of intense compensatory sweating. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate therapeutic success, satisfaction, and compensatory sweating in patients submitted to this technique. METHOD: Prospective study in which 45 patients were divided into two groups. Group I: one patient with palmar hyperhidrosis and 20 patients with palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis submitted to a T3 block; Group II: four patients with axillary hyperhidrosis, two with axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis, two with axillary and plantar hyperhidrosis, and 16 with axillary, palmar, and plantar hyperhidrosis submitted to a block of T3 and T4. RESULTS: In Group I, 95.2% of the patients had palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis, and in Group II, 66.7% had axillary, palmar, and plantar hyperhidrosis. For the palmar region, excellent or good results occurred in 95.3% of Group I and in 94.4% of Group II; in the plantar region, 40% of Group I and 44.5% of Group II presented good results; in the axillary region, 95.8% reported excellent or good results. In six months, 76.2% of Group I and 91.7% of Group II had experienced compensatory sweating, but intense compensatory sweating occurred in only three patients of Group II. CONCLUSIONS: This treatment proved to be effective for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. At the end of six months, all patients from Group I and 95.9% of the patients from Group II were satisfied with the results.

Pectus Excavatum / Pectus Carinatum: tratamento cirúrgico

BACKGROUND: The authors present the results obtained with one technique for Pectus Carinatum and Pectus Excavatum treatment. METHODS: From 1976 to 2000, 183 patients with chest wall deformities underwent surgery at the Hospital Universitario Cajuru of the Catholic University of Parana. Nighty eight were pectus carinatum (70 symmetric pectus carinatum, 18 lateral pectus carinatum to the right and 10 lateral pectus excavatum to the left), 62 were pectus excavatum (57 symmetric pectus excavatum, four lateral pectus excavatum to the right and one lateral pectus excavatum to the left), 17 were pouter pigeon, one was pectus carinatum with pectus excavatum, four were inferior costal protusions and one costal depression. The indication was exclusively aesthetical in 182 (99,4%) of the patients. For both pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum only one technique was used: inframammary transversal incision, subperichondral ressection of all cartilages involved in the deformity, minimal retrosternal dissection, anterior sternal osteotomy, fastening of the sternal osteotomy with a steel wire. A retrosternal plate can be used in selected Pectus Excavatum cases, folding of the perichondrial bundles to give more rigidity to the thoracic wall and to help keep the sternum in its position, drainage of the subcutaneous cellular tissue and of the submuscular space, intradermal suture of the skin. RESULTS: A good and / or excellent aesthetic result was obtained in 175 (95,6%) of the patients. Complication occurred in 14 (7,6%) patients: eight (4,5%) seroma cases, one (0,5%) hematoma of the chest wall, two( 91,0%) cases of severe chest pain in the post-operative period; one (0,5%) case of dehiscence of skin suture and two cases (1,0%) of hyperthrophic scar, which were treated with ressection and betatherapy. CONCLUSION: The aesthetic results obtained allow us indicate the sternochondroplasty for treatment of Pectus Carinatum and Pectus Excavatum.

Lesões crônicas da laringe pela intubação traqueal

Several complications, often very severe, have been associated with tracheal intubation (TI). Incidence reaches up to 18%. Objectives: To analyze larynx lesions caused by TI; the development of stenosis and granuloma in the larynx, and voice evolution. Patients and methods: This study analyzed prospectively 73 patients in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Cajuru ¾ Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, southern Brazil. For five consecutive days, patients were submitted to TI, foreseen to be necessary for seven additional days. They were submitted to tracheostomy on the sixth day post-TI. Fibrolaryngotracheobronchoscopy was performed on the 6th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 60th, 90th,and 180th days post-intubation. Results: By the 180th day, 30 patients had survived: 18 (60%) patients showed normal voice; 9 (30%) could not be evaluated; and 3 (10%) presented dysphonia. Eight patients presented granulomas in the larynx ¾ 5 of them were spontaneously cured, 2 (25.0%) were resected, and 1 remained after the 180th day. Stenosis in the larynx was detected in only 1 patient. Conclusions: Thanks to the shorter time of exposure of the larynx to the trauma caused by the orotracheal cannula, the performance of tracheostomy on the sixth day seems to cause few complications.

Bilateral retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy by unilateral access for plantar hyperhidrosis in women.

OBJECTIVES Primary focal hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive, bilateral, and relatively symmetric sweating occurring in the axillae, palms, soles, or craniofacial region. Armpits are affected in 51% of patients, feet in 29%, palms in 25%, and the face in 20%. There is a wide range of nonsurgical and surgical treatments available for patients with focal hyperhidrosis. Surgical treatments for plantar hyperhidrosis include thoracic and/or lumbar sympathectomy. In this article, we report on a new technique of bilateral retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy by unilateral access for plantar hyperidrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of female patients who presented with plantar hyperhidrosis at the time of surgery and received bilateral retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy by a unilateral access technique at our hospital. All patients had already been submitted to a previous thoracic sympathectomy with no improvement of the plantar hyperhidrosis. RESULTS Five procedures were performed successfully from January through March 2009. Mean operative time and mean estimated blood loss were 59 minutes and 54 cc, respectively. We had no intraoperative complications, and patients were discharged home 12.8 hours after surgery. Immediate warming of the feet was observed at the end of all procedures. On follow-up consultations, all patients referred a complete resolution of the plantar hyperhidrosis and 1 case of compensative hyperhidrosis on the back. CONCLUSIONS Retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy by unilateral access seems to be feasible when performed by a surgeon with experience on advanced laparoscopy. Larger series comparing unilateral to bilateral access are necessary to establish the real benefits and potential disadvantages of this new technique.

Pectus excavatum: abordagem terapêutica

The pectus excavatum treatment has two different approaches: non-surgical techniques (modified dynamic thoracic compressor, exercises and the vacuum bell) or surgical techniques (silastic or solid silicone implant, open surgical repair like sternochondroplasty and minimally invasive repair). The introduction of Nuss procedure improved the pectus excavatum treatment, but its low acceptance was due to the high complication rate (e.g. cardiac perfuration). The thoracoscopy use for bar mediastinal passage reduced the complication rate. In comparison with sternochondroplasty, the Nuss procedure has smaller incision, less blood loss and less operative time. However, it has more reoperations, complications, longer hospital stay and more readmission rates, more time of thoracic epidural catheter for postoperative analgesia and more need for analgesic after being discharged. Although Nuss procedure has been used in children, patients under ten years must be only observed. The Nuss procedure is applicable to moderate or light symmetrical pectus excavatum, without costal protrusion, in young and adolescents patients. Furthermore, the sternochondroplasty is applicable to severe or asymmetric pectus excavatum, with or without inferior costal protrusion. Therefore, Nuss procedure and sternocondroplasty are not antagonistic procedures, and they must be used in accordance with a treatment organogram and the technique choice must be by functional and aesthetic outcome.

Fistula traqueoesofagica como complicacao tardia de traqueostomia

Tracheoesophageal fistula as a late complication of tracheostomy is rare and its incidence is less than 1%. Nonetheless, it should be known, diagnosed, and promptly treated in order to prevent an unfavorable evolution. The authors report on a 41-year-old female who had had tracheostomy a long time before, due to a cerebrovascular accident. Following hospital discharge, the patient presented acute respiratory insufficiency and it was observed that some material was secreted through the tracheostomy nasogastric probe. Tracheoesophageal fistula was endoscopically diagnosed, the patient was submitted to a tracheoplasty and showed good evolution.

Perfil da atividade de pesquisa encaminhada ao Congresso Brasileiro de Cirurgia Torácica - Tórax 2009

OBJECTIVE To increase the knowledge of research activity in Thoracic Surgery in Brazil. METHODS We carried out a prospective observational study of the abstracts published in the Annals of the Brazilian Congress of Thoracic Surgery - Thorax 2009, to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the geographic distribution and type of home institutions of abstracts, the types of studies and themes addressed. RESULTS We published 182 abstracts, 174 (95.60%) of interventionist nature. There were three foreign abstracts, all from a single Italian institution. As for the types of studies, we observed 108 trials, 67 case reports and seven experimental studies. Pulmonary resection (14.29%) was the most frequent theme, followed by lung cancer, hyperhidrosis and tracheal disorders (10.44%), trauma (7.14%) and mediastinum (6.04%). Public institutions participated with 68.16% of the abstracts, private institutions with 11.17% and the philanthropic entities with 20.67%; the Pontifical Catholic Universities (11.00%) and the Santas Casas--Holy Homes (7.70 %)--had a significant involvement in Thoracic Surgery research in Brazil. CONCLUSION Public institutions are mainly responsible for research activity in Thoracic Surgery in Brazil, which is more concentrated in the state of São Paulo (34.07%). One third of this activity is represented by case reports and, although there is wide variation in topics covered, pulmonary resection is the most frequent theme.

Bilateral retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy by unilateral access

Purpose: Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by hyperactivity of the eccrine glands, causing an uncontrollable and excessive sweating, especially on the hands, plantar foot and groin, which can be confused with urinary incontinence. Standard treatment for plantar hyperhidrosis is the laparoscopic lumbar sympathectomy and the urologists are the besttrained surgeons to perform this procedure because they are familiar with the retroperitoneal anatomy. The goal of this video is to show our own technique of bilateral lumbar sympathectomy by unilateral access for plantar hyperhidrosis. Methods: The sample consisted of ten female patients who presented with plantar hyperhidrosis and were submitted to bilateral retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy by unilateral access technique. All patients had already been submitted to a previous thoracic sympathectomy with no improvement of the plantar hyperhidrosis. Results: Ten procedures were performed with this technique. In only one case, the bilateral retroperitoneal approach was required because of difficulty in locating the right nerve. Mean operative time and mean estimated blood loss were 68 minutes and 54 cc, respectively. We had no intraoperative complications and patients were discharged home 19.6 hours after surgery. Immediate warming of the feet was observed at the end of all procedures. On follow-up consultations, all patients referred complete resolution of the plantar hyperhidrosis. Only one patient developed compensatory hyperhidrosis in her back. Conclusions: Retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy by unilateral access seems to be feasible when performed by a surgeon with experience on advanced laparoscopy. Larger series comparing unilateral to bilateral access are necessary to establish the real benefits and potential disadvantages of this new technique.

Modelo mecânico para simulação do condicionamento pulmonar do ar respirado

OBJECTIVE: To create a mechanical model that could be regulated to simulate the conditioning of inspired and expired air with the same normal values of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity as those of the respiratory system of a healthy young man on mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Using several types of materials, a mechanical device was built and regulated using normal values of vital capacity, tidal volume, maximal inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, and gas temperature in the system. The device was submitted to mechanical ventilation for a period of 29.8 min. The changes in the temperature of the air circulating in the system were recorded every two seconds. RESULTS: The statistical analysis of the data collected revealed that the device was approximately as efficient in the conditioning of air as is the respiratory system of a human being. CONCLUSION: By the study endpoint, we had developed a mechanical device capable of simulating the conditioning of air in the respiratory tract. The device mimics the conditions of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity seen in the respiratory system of healthy individuals.OBJECTIVE To create a mechanical model that could be regulated to simulate the conditioning of inspired and expired air with the same normal values of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity as those of the respiratory system of a healthy young man on mechanical ventilation. METHODS Using several types of materials, a mechanical device was built and regulated using normal values of vital capacity, tidal volume, maximal inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, and gas temperature in the system. The device was submitted to mechanical ventilation for a period of 29.8 min. The changes in the temperature of the air circulating in the system were recorded every two seconds. RESULTS The statistical analysis of the data collected revealed that the device was approximately as efficient in the conditioning of air as is the respiratory system of a human being. CONCLUSION By the study endpoint, we had developed a mechanical device capable of simulating the conditioning of air in the respiratory tract. The device mimics the conditions of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity seen in the respiratory system of healthy individuals.