Marsetyawan Hne Soesatyo

Comparison of serum C3 complement levels between young women with recurrent urinary tract infection and healthy women

Abstract Background C3 complement plays a pivotal role in the complement cascade, subserves several critical functions in human immune response and enhancing bacterial killing and its levels correlate with infectious diseases. However, the association of C3 with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) is still debatable. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of serum C3 levels and recurrent UTI among young women. Materials and methods Thirty-four recurrent UTI patients whose diagnosed based on Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada and European Association of Urology criteria and 34 healthy young women, aged 15–50 years old, were included in this study. Risk factors and clinical manifestations were evaluated and serum C3 levels were measured by ELISA. Correlations of risk factors, clinical manifestation and C3 levels with recurrent UTI were analyzed with chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test or t-test as appropriate with data. Results This study found that some risk factors (age [p = 0.000], sexual intercourse frequency [p = 0.00], marital status [p = 0.000] and intrauterine device contraception [p = 0.000]) and clinical manifestations (fever [p = 0.000], dysuria [p = 0.000], frequent urination [p = 0.000], supra-pubic discomfort [p = 0.000] and flank pain [p = 0.006]) were correlated with recurrent UTI. Although this study found that serum C3 levels were significantly different between recurrent UTI patients and healthy young women group (mean 42.08 μg/ml ± 1.20 vs 42.75 μg/ml ± 0.71, p = 0.008), this difference is not clinically relevant. Conclusion In this study setting, the levels of C3 among young women with recurrent UTI were lower than healthy women but were not significant clinically.

Immune modulation properties of herbal plant leaves: Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract on immune cells of tuberculosis patient - in vitro study

Abstract Disease progression in Tuberculosis (TB) is dependent on host’s immune system. Phyllanthus niruri, a traditional herb, has long been used to boost immune system in Indonesian society. This study aimed to observe the potential role of P. niruri in inducing immune cells activity in TB patients by in vitro approach. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and macrophages were collected from active pulmonary TB patients. After stimulation with graded doses of P. niruri aqueous extract, cell proliferation, phagocytic activity and nitric oxide (NO) release were analysed. P. niruri aqueous extract induced proliferation of PBMCs, increased NO release, and improved macrophages phagocytic activity. These effects were observed in a dose-dependent manner. This may lead to further research for the potential role of P. niruri as immunomodulatory adjuvant therapy for TB patients.

The role of CD4+ T cells in the induction of contact hypersensitivity to mercury in a murine model.

Background: The exact immunopathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity (CH) to mercury remains unclear. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the role of CD4+ T cells in mercury-induced CH in mice. Methods: Splenic CD4+ T cells obtained from nonsensitized and mercury-sensitized Balb/c mice were adoptively transferred to groups I and II of the syngeneic recipients, respectively. All recipients were ear-challenged with mercury. The next experiments were to transfer nonsensitized CD4+ T cells to group A of the recipients, whereas mercury-sensitized CD4+ T cells were transferred to groups B and C. Groups A and B were ear-challenged with mercury, whereas group C was ear-challenged with chromium. The ear swelling 24 hours and 48 hours after challenge was used to assess CH. Results: The results of the present study showed that mercury-sensitized but not nonsensitized CD4+ T cells could transfer CH in mice. Furthermore, mercury-sensitized CD4+ T cells could transfer the induction of CH only in the recipients that were challenged with mercury, but not those that were challenged with chromium. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that mercury-induced CH may be mediated by mercury-specific CD4+ T cells.

The effect of annealing temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of stainless steel 316L for stent application

A comparative study on mechanical properties and microstructure of 316L austenitic stainless steel annealed in different temperatures were presented. The objective of this study was to get the optimum annealing temperature for austenitic stainless steel 316L for stent application in coronary heart disease. Five groups of specimens (ASTM E8-2004) were annealed in the electric furnace (Ellite Thermal System Ltd., UK) at temperature 1000°C, 1050°C, 1100°C, 1150°C, and 1200°C using a heating rate of 5°C/min with 30 minutes holding time. The heat-treated austenitic stainless steel 316L was cooled to room temperature by slow furnace cooling then collected and characterized. The microstructure evolution of every sample was observed using SEM. The hardness of the sample was measured using Vickers micro hardness test. The universal testing machine was used to measure the tensile strength and elongation of every sample. The results shown that the biggest elongation of austenitic stainless steel 316L is obtained when the material is annealed at temperature between 1050 to 1150°C.

The Effects of Peyer';s Patches Inactivation in the Rat on the Development of Antibody-Forming Cells to Intestinal Antigen

The effects of Peyers patch (PP) inactivation on local and systemic immune response in rats was investigated. A cauterization method has been developed to inactivate PP. Animals were primed intraperitoneally or intragastrically with trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet haemocyanin (TNP-KLH) one day before cauterization, and were challenged intraintestinally two weeks later. The secondary immune response in the spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and intestinal villi was studied by immunohistochemistry. Histological observations on PP after inactivation showed that most T cells in the interfollicular area had disappeared, as had B cells in the follicle. T cells repopulated PP much slower than B cells. Complete recovery of PP occurred no earlier than 2 weeks after inactivation. The immunization experiments revealed higher numbers of anti-TNP antibody-forming cells (anti-TNP AFC) of IgM, IgG and IgA isotypes in the spleen of the PP-inactivated animals than in the controls. Very few anti-TNP AFC were found locally in the lamina propria of the intestinal villi or in the MLN in both groups. It is suggested that PP play a role in the regulation of systemic immune responses against intestinally-administered thymus-dependent antigen. Moreover, inactivation of PP could alter the antigen uptake by gut epithelium and the local antigen processing. As a result, an increased amount of antigen could reach the spleen eliciting a higher immune response.

The Role of Mannose-Binding Lectin Serum Level in Tubotympanic Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Background Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common public health problem worldwide and a major cause of hearing impairment especially in developing countries. The role of Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL), a component of innate immunity, in CSOM has not been studied. The aim of the study was to examine whether MBL deficiency was more frequently present in cases group of tubotympanic CSOM patients rather than healthy subjects. Material and Methods This was an analytic observational study. Subjects were enrolled in the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic at Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto, Indonesia. An independent t-test was used to compare the mean of MBL serum concentration between tubotympanic CSOM subjects and control. Results From 36 tubotympanic CSOM patients, there were 8 (22.22%) patients with MBL deficiency (MBL level < 100 ng/ml), while no deficiency was found in the control group. The mean of MBL level in cases group was 354.88 ng/ml, with the lowest level being 0.001 ng/ml and the highest level 690.24 ng/ml, while in the control group MBL level mean was 376.27 with the lowest level being 188.71 and the highest level 794.54 ng/ml. Conclusion There was no significant difference of MBL serum level between tubotympanic CSOM and control group. However, the presence of subjects with MBL deficiency in the tubotympanic CSOM group might be considered as playing a role in the tubotympanic CSOM.

Effect of dengue virus infection on the permeability of vero cells line

Vero cell line is widely used in many in vitro studies including dengue infection studies. Recent study explore the increase of permeability of vero cell line due to infection dengue virus serotype 2. Vero cell line (CCL-81, ATCC) cultured in the transwell polyester permeable membrane and infected by dengue virus-2. Culture media containing albumin was used to assess the transvero albumin permeability. The content of albumin migrates across the vero cells was determined using protein assay dye reagent and BSA standard (5 and 10 µg/μl), and then measured by microplate reader. The results indicate that dengue infection increases the permeability of vero cells with significant value compared to the control, especially at two days and more post infection. The result of the study suggests that vero cell line can be used as model cells in the permeability studies of infection of dengue virus serotype 2.

Polyvinyl alcohol - hydroxyapatite composite reinforced with catgut fibers as biodegradable bone plates

The management of skeletal bone fracture has been done using titanium bone plates for years. The advantages of this material include the ability to obtain strength and stable fixation; but they also have disadvantages will be required secondary surgery for removal of the bone plates. Poly-L-Lactic-Acid (PLLA) as a biodegradable bone plates have been used to replace the disadvantages of titanium bone plates, but recent studies revealed PLLA was not ideal material for bone plates, unfortunately. The purpose of this study was to investigate mechanical strength of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - hydroxyapatite composite reinforced with catgut fibers as bone plates material after biodegradation tests. Specimens were prepared for tensile and bending test and immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution with pH 7.4 and incubated at 37 °C. Specimens were tested for mechanical strength during the period of 0 and 60 days. The result indicates that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - hydroxyapatite composite reinforced with catgut fibers has stable mechanical strength after biodegradation tests. The mechanical strength decreased after biodegradation test in all intervention groups, but still has adequate mechanical strength as biodegradable bone plates.