Martha Helena Teixeira de Souza

Percepção de profissionais de saúde em relação ao cuidado a pessoas idosas institucionalizadas

OBJECTIVE: To know the meaning attributed by health professionals to the care of institutionalized elderly. METHOD: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research, carried out in a long-term care institution for the elderly located in central Rio Grande do Sul state. Fourteen health professionals took part in the study, including nurses, pharmacist, physiotherapist, doctor, nutritionist, and nursing technicians. Data were collected between August and September 2009, through a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Data analysis has resulted in three categories: Caring for the elderly, Realizing the multidisciplinary team, and Facing the new reality. CONCLUSION: the care of the institutionalized elderly is a growing challenge for health professionals, and it needs to be coped with through multidisciplinary work.

Significados que os profissionais de enfermagem atribuem ao cuidado de crianças institucionalizadas com aids

This paper aimed to better understand the meaning of caring for HIV/AIDS institutionalized children attributed by nursing professionals. It is an exploratory, qualitative study. The data was collected from April to June, 2007 through interviewing six nursing professionals who work at an institution housing HIV/AIDS children in southern Brazil. The meanings of the coded speech resulted in two convergent themes: experiencing the role of being mother or caregiver; understanding AIDS as an interactive possibility.�Thefindingsshowedthateveninthefaceofapparentfailureordisorder,�nursingprofessionalsintheconditionofcare- givers of individuals as integral people are able to help and to facilitate de adaptation process and healthy living of institutionalized HIV/AIDS children. The study concluded that understanding the meaning of being a caregiver to a child with AIDS implies embracing the unique experience that integrates the health-disease process. DESCRIPTORS: Pediatric nursing. Child care. Diagnosis of SIDA.

Violência e sofrimento social no itinerário de travestis de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

No ano de 2012, realizamos pesquisa etnografica com travestis de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, por meio de observacao participante, entrevistas e acompanhamento de suas vidas cotidianas. Durante esse periodo, percebemos que as violencias fisica e simbolica e o sofrimento delas decorrentes eram invariantes, condicao com a qual tinham que lidar em seus itinerarios, em suas praticas e afazeres diarios. Este artigo discute as violencias vivenciadas nas trajetorias percorridas pelas travestis (familia, escola, delegacias, servicos de saude), procurando, sobretudo, compreender como tais violencias estao relacionadas as experiencias nos servicos de saude e como os servicos de saude por elas acessados reagiram as violencias.The authors conducted an ethnographic research with transgender persons in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2012, using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and following their everyday lives. These individuals invariably experienced physical and symbolic violence and the resulting distress, a condition they had to deal with in their careers and daily practices and tasks. The article discusses the violence experienced by transvestites (in the family, school, police precincts, and health services), specifically seeking to understand how such violence relates to their experiences with health services and how the latter respond.

The Idealized Brazilian Health System versus the real one: contributions from the nursing field

OBJECTIVE: to identify the perceptions of professionals working in a facility connected with the Brazilian Unified Health System - SUS in regard to what they know, think and talk about public health policy. METHOD: this exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative nature was conducted with 28 professionals working in a facility connected with the SUS. Data were collected through interviews with guiding questions and analyzed through the thematic content analysis technique. RESULTS: coded and interpreted data resulted in three thematic axes: The SUS - perfect web that does not work in practice; The recurrent habit of complaining about the SUS; The need to rethink the way of thinking about, acting in and managing the SUS. CONCLUSION: the professionals working for the SUS are aware of the principles and guidelines that govern the Brazilian health system, however, they reproduce a dichotomous and linear model of conception and practice strongly linked to the thinking of society in general.Objetivo: conocer la percepcion de profesionales que actuan en una institucion que tiene convenio con el Sistema Unico de Salud - SUS sobre lo que saben, piensan y hablan de esta politica publica de salud. Metodo: se trata de un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, de caracter cualitativo, realizado con 28 profesionales que actuan en una institucion que tiene convenio con el SUS. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevistas con preguntas orientadoras y analizados con la tecnica de analisis de contenido tematico. Resultados: los datos codificados y interpretados resultaron en tres ejes tematicos: SUS - red perfecta que no funciona en la practica; el recurrente habito de reclamar del SUS; y la necesidad de repensar el modo de pensar, actuar y administrar el SUS. Conclusion: los profesionales que actuan en el SUS tienen conocimiento de los principios y directrices que gobiernan el sistema de salud nacional, sin embargo, reproducen un modelo de concepcion y actuacion dicotomico, puntual, linear y ademas fuertemente vigente en el pensar de la sociedad en general.Descriptores: Investigacion em Enfermeria; Sistema Unico de Salud; Formacion de Recursos Humanos.

Realidade sociopolítica, ambiental e de saúde de famílias pertencentes a uma comunidade vulnerável

The scope of this paper is to ascertain the perception of community leadership, health professionals and users regarding citizenship status and the enhancement of the healthcare conditions of families belonging to a vulnerable community. This is an exploratory study of a qualitative nature, guided by theory based on data. Data were collected between July and December 2009, by means of interviews with four community health leaders, a team of eight family health team professionals and twelve health users. The codification of the data resulted in the following categories: Understanding the social conditions, the political conditions, the environmental conditions and the health conditions of families in a vulnerable community. The conclusions reached were, that if on the one hand the social security and health policies made it possible to reduce poverty and local inequalities, on the other hand they do not ensure the requisite enhancement of citizenship or even the improvement of health conditions.

Violence and social distress among transgender persons in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

No ano de 2012, realizamos pesquisa etnografica com travestis de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, por meio de observacao participante, entrevistas e acompanhamento de suas vidas cotidianas. Durante esse periodo, percebemos que as violencias fisica e simbolica e o sofrimento delas decorrentes eram invariantes, condicao com a qual tinham que lidar em seus itinerarios, em suas praticas e afazeres diarios. Este artigo discute as violencias vivenciadas nas trajetorias percorridas pelas travestis (familia, escola, delegacias, servicos de saude), procurando, sobretudo, compreender como tais violencias estao relacionadas as experiencias nos servicos de saude e como os servicos de saude por elas acessados reagiram as violencias.The authors conducted an ethnographic research with transgender persons in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2012, using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and following their everyday lives. These individuals invariably experienced physical and symbolic violence and the resulting distress, a condition they had to deal with in their careers and daily practices and tasks. The article discusses the violence experienced by transvestites (in the family, school, police precincts, and health services), specifically seeking to understand how such violence relates to their experiences with health services and how the latter respond.

Nursing undergraduate education in relation to the death-dying process: perceptionsin light of the complex thinking

The objective of this study was to perceive the death-dying process from the perspective of nursing students. This is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research study. Data were collected between June and July 2013, from three focus groups with six nursing students at a University Center located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The meetings were organized with an approach to increase discussions about the death-dying process from the perspective of the complex thinking. Data were analyzed by means of the Strategic Focal Analysis, and three categories were created: Death: a process of rupture or continuity?; Recognizing weaknesses in the undergraduate educational process; and Outlining strategies to broaden academic discussions. It is possible to conclude that the death/dying process is minimally discussed in undergraduate courses, and when it is discussed, it happens in a fragmented and disjunctive manner, without integrating it into the human living process. Descriptors: Death. Education, nursing. Attitude to death.

Participação da família na gestação: revisão integrativa

Aim: To identify family participation in pregnancy, in scientific production. Method: integrative literature review, in which a search, in April 2017, with the descriptors family relations and pregnancy was performed, in the databases Literature Latin American and the Caribbean in health sciences, and Nursing database U.S. National Library of Medicine. Twelve articles published from 2004 to 2016, about family relationships and pregnancy, were selected from full texts in original research and available online free of charge. Results: the family takes part in the pregnancy as: protecting and supporting, encouraging pregnant women to perform self-care by means of information and guidance, emotional and psychological support, and with financial aid. Conclusion: pregnancy is a family event and an understanding about the participation of the family in the gestational process can contribute to quality assistance.

Elaboration of new technologies in nursing: use of a prevention booklet

ABSTRACT Objective : to elaborate guidelines for nursing professionals, with the functions of each category and with guidelines on the rights of women in prenatal care, delivery and postpartum. Method : this is a qualitative study, which covered seven stages with a few keywords: “transformation”, “proactive leadership”, “innovation”, “entrepreneurial leadership”, “creativity” and “knowledge”. These words were included in the diagram, because, in view of the idealizers of the instrument, they are qualities that must be worked by those who use the diagram, using the theoretical diagram as educational technology, containing seven steps. Results : nursing can incorporate of care for women, coping and prevention of injuries in its practices. A booklet was written entitled “Obstetric violence is violence against women - my body, my rules, my birth, my choices”. Conclusion : Aggressive obstetric care, without scientific support, is often linked to the current delivery model and the lack of preparation of health professionals. It reaffirms the importance of interactive technologies in the care process. Descriptors : Violence; Obstetric; Health Education. RESUMO Objetivo : elaborar cartilha de orientacoes para profissionais em enfermagem contendo as funcoes de cada categoria e com orientacoes sobre os direitos da mulher no pre-natal, parto e pos-parto. Metodo : estudo qualitativo, que abrangeu sete etapas e conta com algumas palavras-chaves: “transformacao”, “lideranca proativa”, “inovacao”, “lideranca empreendedora”, “criatividade” e “conhecimento”. Estas palavras foram incluidas no diagrama, pois, ao ver das idealizadoras da ferramenta, sao qualidades que devem ser trabalhadas por quem usar o diagrama, utilizando diagrama teorico como tecnologia educativa, contendo sete etapas. Resultados : a Enfermagem pode incorporar, em suas praticas de cuidado as mulheres, acoes de enfrentamento e de prevencao dos agravos. Elaborou-se uma cartilha intitulada “Violencia obstetrica e violencia contra a mulher – meu corpo, minhas regras, meu parto, minhas escolhas”. Conclusao : a assistencia obstetrica agressiva, sem respaldo cientifico, muitas vezes esta atrelada ao modelo de parto vigente e ao despreparo de profissionais de saude. Reafirma-se a importância de tecnologias interativas no processo de cuidado. Descritores : Violencia; Obstetrica; Educacao em Saude . RESUMEN Objetivo : elaborar un manual de orientaciones para profesionales en enfermeria conteniendo las funciones de cada categoria y con orientaciones sobre los derechos de la mujer en el prenatal, parto y postparto. Metodo : estudio cualitativo, que incluyo siete etapas con algunas palabras claves: “transformacion”, “liderazgo proactivo”, “innovacion”, “liderazgo emprendedor”, “creatividad” y “conocimiento”. Estas palabras fueron incluidas en el diagrama, pues, al ver las idealizadoras de la herramienta, son cualidades que deben ser trabajadas por quien use el diagrama, utilizando diagrama teorico como tecnologia educativa, conteniendo siete etapas. Resultados : la Enfermeria puede incorporar en sus practicas de cuidado a las mujeres, acciones de enfrentamiento y de prevencion de los problemas. Fue elaborado un manual intitulado “Violencia obstetrica es violencia contra la mujer – mi cuerpo, mis reglas, mi parto, mis elecciones”. Conclusion : asistencia obstetrica agresiva, sin respaldo cientifico, muchas veces esta incorporado al modelo de parto vigente y a la impreparacion de profesionales de salud. Se reafirma la importancia de tecnologias interactivas en el proceso de cuidado. Descriptores : Violencia; Obstetrica; Educacion para la Salud.

La violencia y el sufrimiento social en el itinerario de las personas transgénero de Santa María, Río Grande do Sul, Brasil

No ano de 2012, realizamos pesquisa etnografica com travestis de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, por meio de observacao participante, entrevistas e acompanhamento de suas vidas cotidianas. Durante esse periodo, percebemos que as violencias fisica e simbolica e o sofrimento delas decorrentes eram invariantes, condicao com a qual tinham que lidar em seus itinerarios, em suas praticas e afazeres diarios. Este artigo discute as violencias vivenciadas nas trajetorias percorridas pelas travestis (familia, escola, delegacias, servicos de saude), procurando, sobretudo, compreender como tais violencias estao relacionadas as experiencias nos servicos de saude e como os servicos de saude por elas acessados reagiram as violencias.The authors conducted an ethnographic research with transgender persons in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2012, using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and following their everyday lives. These individuals invariably experienced physical and symbolic violence and the resulting distress, a condition they had to deal with in their careers and daily practices and tasks. The article discusses the violence experienced by transvestites (in the family, school, police precincts, and health services), specifically seeking to understand how such violence relates to their experiences with health services and how the latter respond.