Martin Friedland

The University of Toronto : a history

PART ONE: BEGINNINGS PART TWO: FEDERATION PART THREE: ASPIRATIONS PART FOUR: TURBULENCE PART FIVE: GROWTH PART SIX: EXPANDING HORIZONS PART SEVEN: ADJUSTMENT PART EIGHT: RAISING THE SIGHTS Epilogue: (2000) A Walk through the Campus Sources and Credits Principal Sources Bibliography Picture Credits Readers of the Complete Manuscript Index

The case of Valentine Shortis--yesterday and today.

Valentine Shortis, a young Irish immigrant, was convicted of murder in Quebec in 1895. His insanity defence was unsuccessful in spite of psychiatric evidence given by the leading psychiatrists in Canada. Shortis spent the next 42 years in custody. The case provides a good vehicle for exploring a number of aspects of the history of psychiatry, the insanity defence, and the treatment of the criminally insane in Canada. Comparisons are made with the insanity defence and the treatment of the criminally insane today. This paper was originally presented as the 1989 Kenneth G. Gray Memorial Lecture, which was based in part on the authors book, The Case of Valentine Shortis: A True Story of Crime and Politics in Canada, University of Toronto Press, 1986.