Martin Homechin

Seleção de isolados de Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson para controle de Meloidogyne paranaensis em tomateiro

Paecilomyces lilacinus is a fungal species used in biological control of nematodes. It is considered one of the most frequently evaluated fungus under field conditions. The present study aimed to select P. lilacinus isolates with regard to their capacity in controlling Meloidogyne paranaensis in tomato. Santa Clara tomato plants were grown in pots and inoculated with M. paranaensis under greenhouse conditions. The tomato plants were replaced 45 days after inoculation with 50 grams of autoclaved rice colonized with P. lilacinus. Forty-five days after fungus inoculation the number of galls, egg masses, number of eggs in root system, aerial part mass weight, root mass weight and P. lilacinus survival in the soil were evaluated. All treatments involving P. lilacinus incorporation reduced the population of M. paranaensis in tomato roots. UEL pae 05, 08, 09, 13, 20, 21, 38, 41, 44, 54, ESALQ 831 e 832 were the best in the control of M. paranaensis, affecting reproduction of the nematodes and showing a high survival rate in the soil.

Comportamento de duas cultivares de feijoeiro em relação a Meloidogyne javanica

There is a lack of information on resistance search to the genera Meloidogyne in Phaseolus. The aim of the present research was to evaluate in greenhouse conditions, during summer and winter, the behavior of the common bean cv. Perola and Iapar 81 against the M. javanica. The reproduction data of M. javanica showed that both cultivars were efficient hosts based upon M. javanica multiplication. Perola cultivar showed the greatest reproduction index when compared to Iapar 81. Although both cultivars were susceptible at different inoculum concentrations, there was no yield reduction.

Potential of sucrose and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon mulch on the management of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita

The effects of sucrose on motility and infectiveness of juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica were evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, using brown sugar and crystal sugar. Results showed that crystal and brown sugar solutions reduced motility and promoted morphological alterations of juvenile nematodes in vitro. The increasing dosages of sucrose reduced the number of galls and egg masses in tomato root by reducing the number of infective juveniles. The efficiency of granular sucrose, sucrose solution, with and without elephant-grass mulch, in the reduction of reproduction and final population of M. incognita race 2, were also evaluated. Granular sucrose induced decrease on the numbers of galls and eggs masses per root system as well as on juveniles in the soil. For sucrose solution assay, the best results for reproductive reduction were obtained with 300g of granular sucrose per liter of soil, applied at seven days intervals, associated with elephant-grass mulch.

Behavior of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire, 1822 to Meloidogyne incognita and M. paranaensis and their influence on development of plantlets

The influence of Meloidogyne incognita and M. paranaensis on the development of mate (Ilex paraguariensis ST. Hill) plantlets was assessed in greenhouse and laboratory. The experimental design was randomized. Every plot of each one of the 10 repetitions contained one mate plantlet , inoculated with 5,000 eggs of M. incognita (races 1, 2, 3 and 4) and M. paranaensis. After 120 days it was observed that mate was a reliable hostess to such nematodes and that they could finish their life cycle. Plant development was significantly modified by M. incognita, races 1 and 2. Dry and green matter weight of shoots changed according to treatment. No changes were observed in fresh root weight. The number of eggs per root was similar for M. incognita, races 1 and 2, and higher for the other treatments. The reproduction factor was above 1 for all treatments, indicating mate plants susceptibility to them.

Microrganismos associados a frutos de diferentes cultivares de noz Pecan

O conhecimento do comportamento natural da nogueira Pecan as principais doencas e de suma importância para o estabelecimento do planejamento da implantacao da cultura. O controle fitossanitario e tratos culturais devem ser realizados de modo a nao comprometerem a qualidade do produto final, as amendoas. Foram avaliadas nozes produzidas na safra de 2005 e oriundas de Urai-PR, pelas cultivares Burkett, Frotscher e Moneymaker, para identificar e quantificar os microrganismos associados a amendoas e cascas dos frutos, bem como observar diferencas entre organismos colonizadores das cultivares. Os frutos foram avaliados na pos-colheita, aos trinta dias de armazenamento em ambiente, atraves da metodologia do papel de filtro, sendo submetidos ou nao a assepsia superficial. O fungo Cladosporium caryigenum, promotor da rancificacao das amendoas foi observado, em amendoas e cascas, nas cultivares Burkett, Frotscher e Moneymaker; Fusarium sp., foi encontrado em porcentuais elevados, tanto em amendoas quanto em cascas das tres cultivares estudadas; Cephalothecium roseum, causador do mofo roseo em amendoas, na cultivar Frotscher. Aspergillus sp. e Penicillium sp., causadores de emboloramento e produtores de aflotoxinas foram observados em porcentuais representativos, em amendoas da cultivar Frotscher e em amendoas e cascas das cultivares Frotscher, Burkett e Moneymaker, respectivamente. Os maiores porcentuais de perda do rendimento foram observados na cultivar Burkett, por causa da incidencia de Colletotrichum sp., causador da antracnose em amendoas, que acarreta escurecimento e deterioracao do produto final, levando-o ao descarte.

Efeito do tratamento de sementes e da profundidade de semeadura no desenvolvimento de plantas de aveia-branca (Avena sativa L.) e a microflora da rizosfera e do rizoplano

The State of Parana is the biggest brazilian producer of white oat (Avena sativa L.) grains, with significant increase in the harvest area each year. The study was achieved in Londrina, State of Parana, where the assay were developed in laboratory and field. The objective was to evaluat the effect of the seed treatment and sowing depth, in the seedling emergence plant development, in the microorganisms population of the rizhosphere and rizoplane of the planting area of plants and production of oat grains. Seeds of white oat, cultivar OR-11, were sown in the depths of 3cm, 5cm and 8cm. It were used fungicides in dosages of g.i.a./100kg of seed, carboxim+thiram (93.7g+93.7g), thiram (210g) and triadimenol (50g) and the bilogical product kodiak C (Bacillus subtilis) (60g). The treatment with the fungicides and the biological product eliminated the fungi presents on the seeds, such as: Fusarium avenae, Colletotrichum graminicola and Helminthosporium avenae and improve the plant development and the soil microorganisms, being this variable with the sowing depth and the treatment.

MICROFLORA ASSOCIADA AOS GRÃOS DE CAFÉ EM COCO E BENEFICIADO PRODUZIDOS NO PARANÁMICROFLORA ASSOCIADA AOS GRÃOS DE CAFÉ EM COCO E BENEFICIADO PRODUZIDOS NO PARANÁ

A contaminacao e a colonizacao de graos de cafe por microrganismos podem comprometer a qualidade da bebida, sendo assim de grande importância avaliar qualitativamente esse produto. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os microorganismos associados aos frutos de cafe em coco e graos beneficiados colhidos em lavouras implantadas em solos originados do basalto e do arenito Caiua. Foi empregado o metodo do papel de filtro, Blotter Test e os fungos identificados com base nas caracteristicas morfologicas observadas sob microscopios estereoscopico e optico. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (2 x 4) dois solos (basalticos x solos arenosos) x quatro processamentos (beneficiado e coco ambos com e sem assepsia), totalizando oito tratamentos. Para cada tratamento foram avaliadas 10 repeticoes com 20 sementes cada. Nas amostras de solos de origem basaltica foram observados maiores percentuais de fungos como Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus flavus e Colletotrichum sp. O unico microorganismo que teve prevalencia para cafes dos solos arenosos foi a Rhizoctonia sp. De modo geral o beneficiamento e a assepsia das sementes, com hipoclorito de sodio 0,5% por 1 minuto, reduziram a incidencia de microorganismos.

Alternatives to sowing vegetable type soybeans

Today, soybean crops of the Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar are sown in beds prior to transplantation to the field. This planting system has caused crop failure due to damage to the root system. An experiment to test different sowing alternatives to obtain plantlets for cropping of food type big seeded soybean was set up with the following treatments: sowing in beds; sowing in 130 cm3 newspaper cups; sowing in test tubes of volumes of 30 cm3, 60 cm3 and 70 cm3; sowing in 70 cm3 disposable plastic cups; sowing on 90 cm3 styrofoam trays. A randomized complete block design was used, and the following traits were assessed: germination percentage; number of days to flowering; plant height at flowering; number of days to maturity; plant height at maturity; number of seeds per plant; individual plant yield; weight of a hundred seeds. Results should that three methods could be used to set up Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar crops: sowing in disposable plastic cups, sowing in beds with later transplant, or direct sowing in the field.