Débora Cristina Santiago

Seleção de isolados de Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson para controle de Meloidogyne paranaensis em tomateiro

Paecilomyces lilacinus is a fungal species used in biological control of nematodes. It is considered one of the most frequently evaluated fungus under field conditions. The present study aimed to select P. lilacinus isolates with regard to their capacity in controlling Meloidogyne paranaensis in tomato. Santa Clara tomato plants were grown in pots and inoculated with M. paranaensis under greenhouse conditions. The tomato plants were replaced 45 days after inoculation with 50 grams of autoclaved rice colonized with P. lilacinus. Forty-five days after fungus inoculation the number of galls, egg masses, number of eggs in root system, aerial part mass weight, root mass weight and P. lilacinus survival in the soil were evaluated. All treatments involving P. lilacinus incorporation reduced the population of M. paranaensis in tomato roots. UEL pae 05, 08, 09, 13, 20, 21, 38, 41, 44, 54, ESALQ 831 e 832 were the best in the control of M. paranaensis, affecting reproduction of the nematodes and showing a high survival rate in the soil.

Comportamento de duas cultivares de feijoeiro em relação a Meloidogyne javanica

There is a lack of information on resistance search to the genera Meloidogyne in Phaseolus. The aim of the present research was to evaluate in greenhouse conditions, during summer and winter, the behavior of the common bean cv. Perola and Iapar 81 against the M. javanica. The reproduction data of M. javanica showed that both cultivars were efficient hosts based upon M. javanica multiplication. Perola cultivar showed the greatest reproduction index when compared to Iapar 81. Although both cultivars were susceptible at different inoculum concentrations, there was no yield reduction.

Potential of sucrose and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon mulch on the management of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita

The effects of sucrose on motility and infectiveness of juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica were evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, using brown sugar and crystal sugar. Results showed that crystal and brown sugar solutions reduced motility and promoted morphological alterations of juvenile nematodes in vitro. The increasing dosages of sucrose reduced the number of galls and egg masses in tomato root by reducing the number of infective juveniles. The efficiency of granular sucrose, sucrose solution, with and without elephant-grass mulch, in the reduction of reproduction and final population of M. incognita race 2, were also evaluated. Granular sucrose induced decrease on the numbers of galls and eggs masses per root system as well as on juveniles in the soil. For sucrose solution assay, the best results for reproductive reduction were obtained with 300g of granular sucrose per liter of soil, applied at seven days intervals, associated with elephant-grass mulch.

Formação dos profissionais das áreas de ciências agrárias em segurança do trabalho rural

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar se os futuros profissionais que serao engajados ao mercado de trabalho tem recebido orientacoes e treinamentos para atuar na questao da seguranca no trabalho rural e estabelecer relacoes entre a formacao profissional e a informacao levada aos produtores rurais. Foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa um questionario aplicado a 209 produtores/trabalhadores rurais, 156 discentes formandos, da area de Ciencias Agrarias, da Universidade Estadual de Londrina e 75 discentes do Colegio Agricola Estadual Manoel Ribas, Apucarana (PR). A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos meses de junho, julho e agosto de 2006. Os resultados mostraram que tanto os produtores/trabalhadores rurais como os futuros profissionais nao estao conscientizados com relacao a seguranca no trabalho rural. Portanto, tornar a disciplina Seguranca e Higiene do Trabalho Rural obrigatoria nos curriculos dos cursos da area de Ciencias Agrarias, colocar em pratica a prevencao de acidentes ocupacionais no meio rural e realizar uma reciclagem continua dos profissionais que atuam na area, por meio de treinamentos e do acesso a informacoes atualizadas que poderiam se apresentar como alternativas para a prevencao de acidentes na area rural.

Behavior of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire, 1822 to Meloidogyne incognita and M. paranaensis and their influence on development of plantlets

The influence of Meloidogyne incognita and M. paranaensis on the development of mate (Ilex paraguariensis ST. Hill) plantlets was assessed in greenhouse and laboratory. The experimental design was randomized. Every plot of each one of the 10 repetitions contained one mate plantlet , inoculated with 5,000 eggs of M. incognita (races 1, 2, 3 and 4) and M. paranaensis. After 120 days it was observed that mate was a reliable hostess to such nematodes and that they could finish their life cycle. Plant development was significantly modified by M. incognita, races 1 and 2. Dry and green matter weight of shoots changed according to treatment. No changes were observed in fresh root weight. The number of eggs per root was similar for M. incognita, races 1 and 2, and higher for the other treatments. The reproduction factor was above 1 for all treatments, indicating mate plants susceptibility to them.

Responses of soil nematode communities to agroecological crop management systems

Soil nematodes are sensitive to human intervention and widely used as biological indicators of disruptions and alterations in soil quality. The aim of this work was to identify nematodes that are good biological indicators in maize crops under different management systems, and to establish the impact levels of these systems. Soil samples were collected over a 3-year period at a depth of 0.0-0.3 m in areas under six different management systems for maize (Zea mays) monoculture, and intercropped maize and Canavalia ensiformis. Six areas of native vegetation were also assessed to provide a reference for ecological balance. After identification and counting, nematode communities were characterised according to abundance (total and relative), diversity (identified genera and diversity indexes), trophic structure and ecological maturity (disturbance indexes). Nematodes proved to be good ecological indicators, responding to the systems employed. Intercropping maize and Canavalia ensiformis in at least one assessment year reduced disruption and increased nematode diversity, which were both verified based on specific indexes. It was also observed that the maize monoculture increased disruption leading to a drop in nematode fauna diversity and an increase in the incidence of plant-feeding nematodes.

Efeito de isolados de Paecilomyces lilacinus no desenvolvimento de cafezais e na população de Meloidogyne paranaensis

Com a finalidade de diminuir as perdas causadas pelos nematoides do genero Meloidogyne (Goeldi, 1887) na cultura do cafeeiro, dentre as diversas medidas de manejo, o controle biologico com o fungo Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom., 1910) Samson, 1974 se destaca como uma alternativa de controle vantajosa, quer dos pontos de vista ecologico ou economico. Assim, neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiencia de 10 isolados de Paecilomyces lilacinus no controle de Meloidogyne paranaensis em cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L. cv. Icatu), em casa-de-vegetacao. No experimento I, as mudas de cafeeiro foram transplantadas em solo onde foram, anteriormente, cultivados tomateiros para multiplicacao de M. paranaensis mais 50 g de arroz colonizado com os 10 isolados. No segundo experimento, mudas de cafeeiro foram transplantadas para substrato solo e areia (1:1) juntamente com 50 g de arroz colonizado com os isolados. Em seguida, as mudas foram inoculadas com ± 5000 ovos de M. paranaensis. Nos dois experimentos, apos 15 dias procedeu-se aplicacao por cobertura de 50 g dos isolados. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos. Apos 90 dias, foram feitas as avaliacoes. Os isolados de P. lilacinus nao afetaram o diâmetro do caule de cafeeiro. No experimento I, os isolados Pae 22, 24 e 28 promoveram o crescimento dos cafeeiros; todos os isolados reduziram a populacao de ovos no sistema radicular; e os isolados Pae 3 e 12 reduziram a populacao de J2 de M. paranaensis no solo. No experimento II, os isolados Pae 03, 10, 12 e 13 favoreceram o crescimento das plantas, mas reduziram o peso fresco do sistema radicular; todos os isolados reduziram a populacao de J2 no solo; e os isolados Pae 3, 10, 13, 18, 22 e 24 reduziram as malformacoes causadas por M. paranaensis nas raizes.