Masamitsu Negishi

Measuring the relationships among university, industry and other sectors in Japan’s national innovation system: a comparison of new approaches with mutual information indicators

Co-authored publications across sectors have been used as indicators of the triple helix model and more generally for the study of science–technology relations. However, how to measure the relationships among the three or more sectors is a technically difficult issue. Using mutual information as an indicator has proved to be effective, but it is not widely used. In this paper, we introduced φ coefficients and partial correlation as conventional indicators to measure the relationships among sectors on the basis of Japanese publication data in the ISI-databases. We also proposed a new approach of graphical modeling based on partial correlation for studying university–industry–government relationships and relationships with other sectors. The conventional indicators give results that are consistent with mutual information, which shows that collaborations among the three national sectors (U, I, G) are getting weaker and that members of these sectors tend to collaborate much more with foreign researchers. It is also shown that universities used to play the central role in the national publication system and acted as a bridge between national sectors and foreign researchers. However, since 2000, the situation has been changing. The center of the Japanese research network is becoming more “foreign” oriented.

Citation database for Japanese papers : A new bibliometric tool for Japanese academic society

The paper describes the construction and functions of the Citation Database for Japanese Papers (CJP) developed at the National Institute of Informatics, Japan (NII), and the Impact Factors of CJPs source journals. Then statistical analyses of multidimensional scaling on citation counts for the academic society journals to measure relationship among the societies are described. We also introduce a new citation navigation system, CiNii, which enables users to access various resources provided by NII, such as NACSIS Electronic Library Service (NACSIS-ELS) to get electronic full-text of journal articles through citation links. Recent political developments in Japan towards enhancement of scientific information infrastructure are also introduced with its implication to research evaluation systems incorporating citation analyses.

Coauthorship linkages between universities and industry in Japan

This study looks at the state of collaboration in scientific research between universities and industries in Japan by measuring the level of coauthorship of academic publications. The analysis is based on data retrieved from the databases of the National Citation Report for Japan, which was produced by Thomson Scientific (ISI) and included papers published from 1981 to 2003, and the Citation Database for Japanese Papers, which was produced by the National Institute of Informatics, Japan, and included papers published from 1995 to 2004. It is revealed that there is a large ‘perception gap’ between industries and universities concerning their collaborations. The situation, trends and characteristics of industry-university collaborations are investigated and discussed from international and national perspectives. The disciplinary and regional differences in such collaborations are also discussed. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

A Trend Analysis on the Disparities among Japanese Universities Observed with the Number of Publications and Citation Counts

筆者は年来トムソン・ロイター社（通称ISI）製の論文引用統計データベースに基づき，大学・機関別の論文数・引用数関連の統計指標の研究開発を行っている．2004 年の国立大学法人化以降，各般の大学間競争助長政策のもと，公私立大学を含めた大学間「格差」が拡がっているのではないかとの指摘が，昨今なされるようになっている．上記データベースにおける論文数統計からみた国立大学上位8 大学とその他国立大との間での，2006 年までの格差拡大の傾向については，すでに読売新聞記事「地方大，揺らぐ研究基盤」の一部として公表したところである[1]．そこで本稿では，データを2007 年までに更新した上で，論文数のみならず引用数関連指標も加味し，またハーフィンダール係数(HHI)を算出して，「格差」の年次的推移をさらに詳しく検証し，今後の動向についての示唆を得るものとする．

University-Industry Collaborations in Academic Websites:

産学連携の状況は，これまで共著論文，特許引用，産学連携統計により示されてきた．筆者らは，これらの指標とは別に，大学のWeb サイトに現れた情報により，産学連携の状況を分析・計量化することに取り組んでいる．本報告においては，７大学（北海道大学，東北大学，東京大学，名古屋大学，京都大学，大阪大学，九州大学）のWeb サイトに現れた産学連携に関する情報を整理分析した結果，明らかになった特徴を示す．

Internationalizing Academic Research Activities in Japan

Scholarly journals published by Japanese aca-demic societies play important roles in dissemi-nation and sharing of Japanese research results. To promote their international distribution, in-ternationalization of Japanese academic journals in various aspects is required. In recent years, articles submitted from abroad to Japanese jour-nals seem to be increasing. In this study, we look at the situation surrounding academic journals in Japan through a detailed analysis of journals with high percentages of papers from abroad, based on data from the CJP database produced by the National Institute of Informatics. By looking at these papers in terms of the authors’ countries of origin and research field, the article aims to find out what has been happening to national aca-demic journals in Japan in recent years and dis-cuss activities related to internationalizing Japa-nese academic research.