Masao Ide

Effects of Ultrasonic Irradiation on Phenolic Compounds in Wine

Red wine has been of interest recently because many poly-phenols, that are considered to be good for health, are contained therein. Since ultrasonic irradiation accelerates maturation, its effects on phenolic compounds in wine were investigated in this study. Effects were evaluated using the indices developed by Glories. It was found that weak ultrasonic irradiation promotes an increase in the amount of phenolic compounds in red wine.

Enhancement in Diffusion of Electrolyte through Membrane Using Ultrasonic Dialysis Equipment with Plane Membrane

Application of ultrasound to accelerate the dialysis separation of electrolytes through a membrane was studied with ultrasonic dialysis equipment. The experiments were conducted with cellophane membrane and KCl solution, CH 3 COONa solution, and a mixture of KCl and saponin solutions. It was found that the diffusion velocity of electrolyte through a membrane with ultrasonic irradiation is faster than that without ultrasonic irradiation, and it increases with acoustic pressure. It has become clear that the reasons for enhancement caused by ultrasound are increase in liquid particle velocity and diffusion coefficient due to ultrasonic vibration. It was confirmed that the permeability of the membrane was not degraded by ultrasound in the ranges of acoustic pressure and irradiation time in this study.

Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on permeability of dialysis membrane

The application of ultrasound for accelerating the diffusion of electrolytes through a membrane has been attempted. However, the effect of ultrasound on membrane permeability was not clarified in previous studies. we report the relationship between the time of ultrasound irradiation to membrane and permeability of the membrane, and the relationship between sound pressure and the membrane lifetime. Experiments were conducted using a cellophane membrane which had been irradiated for a certain time by ultrasound of different sound pressures at a frequency of 27.5 kHz, and the permeability of the membrane was examined with 1 wt% NaCl solution at 25° C. It was found that the membrane permeability increases with irradiation time. Furthermore, the lifetime of membrane decreases with increasing sound pressure. The degradation of the permeability by ultrasound is due to ultrasonic cavitation.

Observation of charge behavior in organic photoconductor using pressure-wave propagation method

The charge behavior in an organic photoconductor (OPC), which can be used as an electrophotographic receptor, was observed using the pressure wave propagation method. When a pulse pressure wave passes through the sample, a displacement current is generated. The charge distribution is obtained from the measurement of the displacement current. Two kinds of samples were prepared in this study. One was an aggregate OPC which consisted of one layer (sample A), the other was a layered OPC which consisted of the carrier generation layer (CGL) and the carrier transport layer (CTL) (sample B). The motions of charges in the two samples were observed under the application of DC voltage and of light exposure. In the case of aggregate OPC, the carriers were generated with light exposure and both hole and electron carriers drifted under the applied electric field, whereas in the case of the layered OPC, the carriers were generated on the CGL by the electric field only and one polarity of carriers, holes, drifted in the CTL. >

EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND IN SOYBEAN PROTEIN EXTRACTION

Application of ultrasound for accelerating the extraction of nutriments in food processing has been attempted. However, conditions of exposure to ultrasound were not clear in previous studies. This paper reports on the relationship between the ultrasonic pressure and the amount of extracted protein from soybeans. Experiments were conducted using a beaker, in which the ultrasonic fields were precisely measured. Soybean flakes suspended in water were put in the beaker and placed in a water tank. The amount of extracted protein in water upon ultrasonic exposure was calculated by the Kjeldahl method. It was found that the amount of extracted protein increased in proportion to ultrasonic pressure up to the total amount of soybean protein soluble in water. Furthermore, this paper describes the denaturation of the protein produced by the ultrasonic cavitation.

Wide Frequency Range Miniature Hydrophone for the Measurement of Pulse Ultrasonic Field

Ultrasonic diagnostic equipment utilizing the pulse reflection method is widely used in the field of medicine. For evaluation of the equipment and for studies on bioeffects of ultrasound, it is necessary to know the sound field generated by the equipment. This paper reports on wide frequency range miniature hydrophones for the measurements of pulse ultrasonic fields of several MHz range. Construction of the developed hydrophones, experimental data on their performance and measured results of sound fields obtained by the hydrophones are presented.

Effects of Ultrasound on Extraction of Saponin from Ginseng

We performed a study of the effects of ultrasound on the extraction of saponin from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. In this study, the extraction of saponin was examined as functions of irradiation time (0.5 to 6 h) and acoustic pressure (0 to 90 kPa). It has been observed that the yields of both total extract and saponin are larger with ultrasonic irradiation than those without ultrasonic irradiation; the increase in yield of total extract is approximately 15 wt%, and that of saponin is approximately 30 wt% at an acoustic pressure 67 kPa. In addition, the yield increases with the acoustic pressure. It is also demonstrated that saponin was not resolved in the acoustic intensity range of this experiment. The enhancement in liquid-solid extraction caused by ultrasound can be attributed to the phenomenon of cavitation.

Variation of pressure waveforms in measurements of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter

In this paper, we describe measurement of variation in pressure waveforms of the acoustic field of an extra-corporeal shock-wave lithotripter (ESWL). Variations in the measured acoustic fields and pressure waveform of an underwater spark-gap-type ESWL with an exhausted spark plug electrode have been reported by researchers using crystal sensors. If the ESWL spark plugs become exhausted, patients feel pain during kidney, biliary stone disintegration. We studied the relationship between exhaustion of electrodes and the variation of pressure waveforms and shock-wave fields of the ESWL using a newly developed hydrophone.

A Miniature Hydrophone for High Acoustic Pressures

This paper describes a new type hydrophone to measure high acoustic pressures like the focal point of Extracorporeal Shock-wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) devices. In this region, because of very high pressures, ordinary hydrophones are quickly damaged. We propose a new type hydrophone with liquid electrodes and with a small acoustic window. After more than 1500 high acoustic pressure pulses incidence, significant decrease in sensitivity of the hydrophone have not been measured.

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF ECHO FROM INSIDE A BONE

In the present study, we investigate the attenuation of ultrasound in bone, using a reflex method to detect the echo and obtain an image of the tissue inside the bone by ultrasound. In the experiment, we developed a standard reflector, and measured the magnitude of reflected waves before and after inserting a bone sample between the transducer and the standard reflector. From the results of the experiment, we could determine the attenuation level of ultrasound in the tissue inside the bone and the dynamic range required for obtaining an image. The possibility of echo detection and obtaining an image was suggested.