Mateus Habermann

Campos magnéticos de frequência extremamente baixa e efeitos na saúde: revisão da literatura

A partir da publicacao, em 1979, dos resultados de um estudo que apontava para o aumento do risco de leucemia em criancas associado a exposicao a campos magneticos, o interesse pelo tema vem aumentando, e diversos estudos foram publicados. O objetivo desta revisao e apresentar os diferentes metodos utilizados na avaliacao da exposicao aos campos magneticos de frequencia extremamente baixa, bem como as dificuldades enfrentadas na quantificacao dessa exposicao, alem de relatar os resultados de estudos epidemiologicos publicados nos ultimos 10 anos. A falta de um modelo fisiopatologico que explique uma possivel influencia dos campos magneticos na saude e a dificuldade para quantificar a exposicao tem sido os maiores obstaculos da pesquisa na area. Leucemia e tumores do sistema nervoso central tem sido os efeitos mais estudados. Leucemia em criancas e o desfecho mais consistentemente associado a exposicao a campos magneticos. Estudos mais recentes apontam a associacao entre esclerose lateral amiotrofica e campos magneticos.

Carbonaceous particulate matter on the lung surface from adults living in São Paulo, Brazil.

Accumulation of carbonaceous particulate matter (PM) in the lung is associated with chronic disease. The amount of carbonaceous PM in airway macrophages is reported to be associated with exposure to both fossil fuel PM and cigarette smoke. However, the contribution of these exposures to carbonaceous PM at the lung surface is unclear. Objectives We therefore sought to identify the exposures associated with lung surface in long-term residents of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Lung surface carbon were analyzed in 72 autopsy specimens by image analysis. Smoking history, measured PM10 nearest to the home, distance to main road, and distance-weighted traffic density were used as exposure variables. Data are summarized as median (IQR), and compared by Mann Whitney Test, with correlations done by Spearman’s correlation. Results There was no association between lung surface and age or gender. There was no statistically significant association in lung surface between smokers and non-smokers 6.74 cm2 (3.47 to 10.02) versus 5.20cm2 (2.29 to 7.54), and there was no significant association between lung surface carbon and exposure to environmental PM and markers of traffic exposure. Conclusion We did not find a statistically significant association between lung surface and smokers and non-smokers, and no statistically significant association between lung surface carbon and environmental exposure variables. These results suggest that lung surface carbon in long-term residents of São Paulo may predominately be from environmental PM, but the most appropriate environmental exposure marker remains unclear.

Requalificação urbana em áreas contaminadas na cidade de São Paulo

Metropolitan areas face increasing problems of urban sprawl. Simultaneously suffer an emptying of properties and depending on the prior use, may exhibit contamination of soil and ground water. The article aims to evaluate the urban density, availability of sanitation infrastructure and socioeconomic status of the neighborhood to check the potential for urban redevelopment and reoccupation of contaminated areas in the city of Sao Paulo. Through GIS the Cetesb database for the year 2010 with the addresses of the contaminated areas was georeferenced and census tracts with information Censo/2010 as household density, access the sewage system, garbage collection, and income were dichotomized between those with and no contaminated areas. The differences between of median and quartiles of these variables were compared. The city had 1,190 registered as contaminated areas, distributed in 5.1% of its census tracts. Census tracts with contaminated areas have lower household density and greater access to the sewage system, solid waste collection and performance compared to sectors without contaminated area. The census tract with contaminated areas have higher sanitation infrastructure, however, have a lower density of households. Despite the effort to reoccupy these areas, there is still great potential for growth in these areas in the city.