Maud Girod

Evaluation of the effect of oral omeprazole on canine cerebrospinal fluid production: A pilot study.

Administration of omeprazole by ventriculo-cisternal perfusion or intravenously has been shown to decrease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production in dogs and rabbits. Oral omeprazole has consequently been recommended to reduce CSF production in dogs with conditions in which clinical signs may be attributable to an accumulation of CSF in the central nervous system (e.g. hydrocephalus, syringomyelia). The albumin quotient (QAlb), the ratio between CSF and serum albumin concentration, has been proposed as a reliable means to evaluate CSF production; decreasing CSF production should cause an increase in QAlb. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of oral administration of omeprazole on QAlb in dogs and to compare two methods to assess CSF albumin concentration. Fifteen healthy Beagle dogs received omeprazole (1.2 mg/kg/day) orally for 14 days; CSF and blood were obtained before and after treatment. CSF albumin concentrations were evaluated by nephelometry and high-resolution protein electrophoresis. Regardless of the method used for measuring albumin, QAlb did not change significantly following oral omeprazole administration, suggesting that CSF production in healthy dogs may not be affected by chronic oral therapy with omeprazole.

Axillary temperature measurement: a less stressful alternative for hospitalised cats?

Rectal temperature measurement (RTM) can promote stress and defensive behaviour in hospitalised cats. The aim of this study was to assess if axillary temperature measurement (ATM) could be a reliable and less stressful alternative for these animals. In this prospective study, paired rectal and axillary temperatures were measured in 42 cats, either by a veterinarian or a student. To assess the impact of these procedures on the cats stress state, their heart rate was checked and a cat stress score (CSS) was defined and graded from 1 (relaxed) to 5 (terrified). A moderate correlation was found between RTM and ATM (r=0.52; P<0.0001). RTM was on average 0.9°C (1.6°F) higher than ATM (P<0.0001), although a wide variation was found in the difference between these two measurements (−2.1°C to 3.6°C (−3.8°F to 6.5°F)). ATM failed to identify hypothermia in 25 per cent of the cases and hyperthermia in 19 per cent of the cases but may be considered less stressful than RTM. Indeed, RTM induced a mildly greater increase in heart rate (+6 bpm; P=0.01) and in CSS (+0.2; P=0.001) than ATM. The results were not affected by operator type. In conclusion, RTM should remain the standard method to obtain accurate temperatures in cats.

Comparison of two minimally invasive enilconazole perendoscopic infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis

OBJECTIVES To compare two minimally invasive enilconazole infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis and evaluate the importance of complete endoscopic debridement in determining first treatment success rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data for 48 dogs with confirmed sinonasal aspergillosis treated with endoscopic debridement followed by per-endoscopic enilconazole infusion were collected. Twenty-four dogs were treated according to the previously published 1-hour infusion protocol and 24 dogs underwent a simplified 15-minute infusion protocol. Completeness of debridement, evaluated as partial or complete at the end of the procedure and outcome after one or several treatments were assessed in all dogs. Multi-variable analysis was performed to derive odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The median duration of the simplified protocol - 92∙3 minutes (range 40 to 140) - was substantially shorter than the duration of the previous protocol - 201∙3 minutes (range 120 to 265). First treatment success rates were 58 and 62∙5% for the previous and simplified protocol, respectively. Overall treatment success rate was similar in both groups (96%). Complete debridement was associated with an improved first treatment success rate compared to partial debridement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The simplified protocol is a valid alternative approach to the treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis. Completeness of endoscopic debridement before infusion is an important step for the success of treatment in canine sinonasal aspergillosis.

Clinical effects of computed tomography-guided lumbosacral facet joint, transforaminal epidural, and translaminar epidural injections of methylprednisolone acetate in healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine clinical effects of CT-guided lumbosacral facet joint, transforaminal epidural, and translaminar epidural injections of methylprednisolone acetate in healthy dogs. ANIMALS 15 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES Dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups (5 dogs/group) and received a single CT-guided lumbosacral facet joint, transforaminal epidural, or translaminar epidural injection of methylprednisolone acetate (0.1 mg/kg). Contrast medium was injected prior to injection of methylprednisolone to verify needle placement. Neurologic examinations were performed 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after the injection. In dogs with neurologic abnormalities, a final neurologic examination was performed 24 days after the procedure. RESULTS Methylprednisolone injections were successfully performed in 14 of the 15 dogs. In 1 dog, vascular puncture occurred, and the methylprednisolone injection was not performed. No major or minor complications were identified during or immediately after the procedure, other than mild transient hyperthermia. During follow-up neurologic examinations, no motor, sensory, or postural deficits were identified, other than mild alterations in the patellar, withdrawal, cranial tibial, and perineal reflexes in some dogs. Overall, altered reflexes were observed in 11 of the 14 dogs, during 27 of 65 neurologic examinations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that CT-guided lumbosacral facet joint, transforaminal epidural, and translaminar epidural injections of methylprednisolone acetate were associated with few complications in healthy dogs. However, the number of dogs evaluated was small, and additional studies are needed to assess clinical efficacy and safety of these procedures.

Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid albumin in healthy dogs

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a negative acute phase protein, that circulates in blood bound to high density lipoproteins (HDLs) and exerts an antioxidant function. Specifically, during systemic inflammation, the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced against pathogens leads to lipid peroxidation converting HDL to LDL. Consequently, PON1 detaches from HDL and reconvert LDLs to HDLs. Therefore, its serum activity decreases due to an increased consumption Aim of this study is to assess the antioxidant role of PON1 towards HDL, using, as a model, dogs naturally affected by babesiosis (a disease on which changes on the serum concentration of HDL has already been demonstrated) and to assess the changes of PON1 activity and HDL concentration during the course of the disease. To this aim, serum from 30 dogs infected by Babesia canis were sampled at admission (day 0) and on day 1 and 6. 15 control dogs were also included in the study to assess the actual presence of altered HDL and PON1 at day 0. PON1 and HDL were measured on all the samples using methods already validated on canine serum. Compared with controls, both the serum concentration of HDL and PON1 activity were significantly low at day 0. The concentration of HDL significantly increased at day 1 and day 6 compared with day 0 (p<0.05 for both) without significant differences between days 1 and 6. PON1 activity did not differ between day 0 and day 1 but significantly increased on day 6 compared with day 0 and day 1 (p < 0.001 for both). These results support the hypothesis that PON1 exerts an antioxidant role towards HDL also in dogs. The low serum concentration of HDL at admission is consistent with lipid peroxidation. The earlier increase of HDL (day 1) compared to PON1 (day 6) is probably dependent on increased consumption of PON1 on day 1 to reduce the oxidized lipids and to quickly restore the concentration of HDL.European Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ESVCP)/ European College of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ECVCP) 15th Annual Congress Berlin, Germany— 6–9 November, 2013 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12091 Oral Platform Presentations: Abstracts 1–24 Poster Presentations: Abstracts 25–65 1 DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY FOR REGENERATIVE ANEMIA OF RETICULOCYTE PARAMETERS IN CATS. S. Paltrinieri, V. Menaballi, M. Fossati. Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University ofMilan, Italy; Veterinary Clinic Artemedica, Valmadrera, Italy. 2 HIGH DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF THE SYSMEX XT 2000iV DELTA WBC ON EFFUSIONS FOR FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS.A. Giordano, G. Rossi, S. Paltrinieri. Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health –University ofMilan, Italy. 3 EVALUATIONOF THE HEMOFAXS AUTOMATEDDIGITALWHITE BLOODCELL DIFFERENTIATION SYSTEM FOR ITS USE IN THE CANINE SPECIES. B. Riond, M. Stirn, V.E. Rampling, R. Hofmann-Lehmann. Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland. 4 CELL CANNIBALISMBY CANCER CELLS: HALLMARKOFMALIGNANCY?A.Meléndez-Lazo, L. SolanoGallego, M. Isidoro-Ayza, J. Pastor. Fundaci o Hospital Cl ınic Veterinari, Departament de Medicina i CirurgiaAnimals, Departament deSanitat i d’Anatomia Animals,UniversitatAut onomadeBarcelona, Spain. 5 INFLAMMATORY PROFILING FOR DETECTING SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN HORSES. E. Hooijberg, I. Schwendenwein. Platform for Clinical Pathology, University of VeterinaryMedicine, Vienna, Austria. 6 VALIDATION OF AUTOMATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAYS FOR TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY (TAC), TOTAL OXIDANT STATUS (TOS) AND PARAOXONASE TYPE-1 (PON1) ANALYSIS IN HORSES. T.S. Barbosa, L.A. Yonezawa, M.J. Watanabe, A. Kohayagawa, A. Tvarijonaviciute, I.R. Mu~ noz, J.H. Ruiz, J.J. Ceron. University of Mar ılia, Mar ılia – SP, Brazil; Santa Catarina State University, Lages – SC, Brazil; Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu – SP, Brazil; University ofMurcia, Murcia, Spain. 7 EVALUATION OF SELECTED CYTOKINES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CANINE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS): PRELIMINARY RESULTS.M.Giunti, R. Troı̀a, L.S. Dolci, L. Lorenzini, F. Dondi, G. Andreani, M. Battilani, F. Fracassi, L. Giardino. Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences, HST-ICIR, University of Bologna, Italy. 8 EVALUATION OF CYTOKINIC PROFILES IN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID FROM HORSES WITH INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASE. M. Defontis, M. Depecker, C. Leleu, G. Fortier, P.-H. Pitel, A. Courouc e-Malblanc, E. Richard. Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France; LUNAM Universit e, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; EQUI-TEST, Bou ere, France; Normandie Univ EA 4655-U2RM, Caen, France. Vet Clin Pathol 42/4 (2014) E20–E48 2013 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology E20 Veterinary Clinical Pathology ISSN 0275-6382The serum concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDLs) is affected by oxidative phenomena that characterize inflammation. The aims of this study were to assess the concentration of HDLs in dogs with leishmaniasis, and to investigate the correlation between HDL, C-reactive protein (CRP), globulin fractions, and activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON1). The serum concentration of HDLs was also measured during treatment to assess whether it may be a good marker to monitor response to therapy. HDLs were measured in serum from 10 leishmaniotic dogs (7 classified as sick and 3 as severely sick according to the staging system of the Canine Leishmaniasis Working Group), at admission and during the follow up (3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the beginning of treatment with antimonials and allopurinol). Concentrations of total cholesterol, PON1, CRP and globulin fractions were also measured. At admission, the concentration of HDLs did not differ between sick and severely sick dogs. The correlation between HDL, PON1, CRP, and globulin fractions was assessed on the whole set of data. There was a negative correlation (P < .05, r = -0.42) between total cholesterol and c-globulins, and positive correlations between HDL and PON1 (P = .002; r = 0.55), and HDLs and A/G ratio (P = .019, r = 0.44). There was a negative correlation between HDLs and CRP (r = -0.37, P =,058). HDLs increased in sequential samples collected during the follow up after 14 and 28 days (P = .033 and P = .024). These results support an influence of c-globulins on lipid metabolism as reported in people, and suggest that inflammation is associated with a decreased HDLs concentration, likely due to the oxidative phenomena that decrease PON1 activity. Moreover, these results suggest that HDLs may be useful to assess decreased oxidation/inflammation after successful treatments. In conclusion, HDLs may serve as an additional inflammation and oxidation marker, including dogs with leishmaniasis.