Mauricio Hernando Bedoya Hernández

Cuerpo vivido e identidad narrativa en mujeres diagnosticadas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria1

Resumen Introduccion Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la investigacion titulada Narrativas identitarias sobre la vivencia corporal en mujeres diagnosticadas con trastorno de la alimentacion, hecha en Medellin (Colombia) durante el 2008. Objetivo Reconocer como el significado atribuido a la vivencia corporal devela la construccion de la identidad en mujeres con trastornos de la alimentacion. Metodo Estudio cualitativo con diseno de casos multiples en el que se siguieron los procedimientos del metodo fenomenologico-hermeneutico. Como tecnicas se utilizo entrevista en profundidad y grupos focales. El estudio se ajusto a los principios eticos vigentes para la investigacion con seres humanos. Para ello se firmo el consentimiento informado por parte de cada una de las participantes. Resultados y Conclusiones Las mujeres diagnosticadas con anorexia-bulimia adoptan el modelo social de belleza y atractivo, anhelan un cuerpo competente como forma de ser exitosas y lo asocian al cuerpo delgado; el cuerpo y el “otro” son los dos horizontes privilegiados en la configuracion de la identidad en estas mujeres; el hilo conductor de la identidad es vivir para lograr un cuerpo y exhibirlo, y las posibilidades de recuperacion no consisten solamente en que la joven coma y acepte su cuerpo, sino en que pueda interrogar el modelo de cuerpo competente mediante un ejercicio narrativo que la lleva a una nueva configuracion identitaria.Introduction This paper shows the results obtained in the research about narrative identity and lived body in women diagnosed with eating disorders, which was conducted in Medellin during 2008.

Carga familiar en familias antioqueñas del Grupo Psicoeducativo del Departamento de Psiquiatría de la Universidad de Antioquia que tienen un miembro diagnosticado con trastorno afectivo bipolar

Resumen Objetivo Determinar la carga familiar en un grupo de familias del Grupo Psicoeducativo del Departamento de Psiquiatria de la Universidad de Antioquia que tienen un miembro con diagnostico de trastorno afectivo bipolar. Metodos Se midio la carga familiar acumulada en 50 cuidadores de personas con diagnostico de trastorno afectivo bipolar. La carga se midio con la Escala de Carga Familiar (ECF), que es una adaptacion espanola de la Escala de Desempeno Psicosocial. El procesamiento y analisis estadistico se realizo en el SPSS version 17, utilizando estadistica descriptiva, analisis de tendencias, promedios y porcentajes. Resultados A 50 cuidadores que participaron en el estudio se les aplico la Escala de Carga Familiar; 34 (68%) eran mujeres y 16 (32%) eran hombres. Los cuidadores de pacientes con diagnostico de trastorno afectivo bipolar tuvieron una carga objetiva con una mediana de 0,5 con un rango intercuartilico entre 0,28 y 0,85, lo que muestra una carga objetiva baja; asi mismo, tuvieron una atribucion con una mediana de 0,50 y un rango intercuartilico entre 0 y 1, lo que muestra una muy baja atribucion; finalmente, presentaron una carga subjetiva con una mediana de 0,53 y un rango intercuartilico entre 0,36 y 0,83, lo que muestra una baja carga subjetiva. Conclusiones La carga familiar en cuidadores que participan del Grupo Psicoeducativo del Departamento de Psiquiatria de la Universidad de Antioquia es baja. Esto podria ser explicado por el apoyo que ofrece el Grupo y por la eutimia del enfermo.

Effective Connectivity Changes in Presymptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease with E280A Presenilin-1 Mutation Gene

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia generally with an onset after the 65 years. However, there are some genetic mutations that induce the onset of the neurocognitive symptoms before that age. The study of mutation carriers provides a unique opportunity to identify early preclinical changes related to AD. The Electroencephalography is a powerful tool for the identification of predictive markers of cognitive deterioration since it enables investigate the electrical pattern affected early in the neurodegenerative processes. In the current work two groups, mutation carriers and non-carriers, perform a memory encoding task during Electroencephalography recording. Brain Graphs are built using the directed Direct Transfer. Our results point to an increase of connectivity in mutation carriers in the theta and alpha1 bands. Given that the changes are in bands typically related to memory tasks the increases could be associated to compensatory mechanism to the neurodegenerative process.

Cuidado y autocuidado en familias con un miembro con diagnóstico de trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB), pertenecientes al Grupo Psicoeducativo del Departamento de Psiquiatría de la Universidad de Antioquia

Resumen Objetivo Reconocer las practicas de cuidado en familias del Grupo Psicoeducativo del Departamento de Psiquiatria de la Universidad de Antioquia que tienen un miembro con diagnostico de trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB). Metodo La investigacion es comprensiva, el metodo es fenomenologico-hermeneutico. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con doce familias y posteriormente se analizo la informacion con el software cualitativo Atlas ti. Resultados Surgieron dos grandes categorias: 1) cuidado y curso de vida familiar y 2) cuidado-autocuidado en torno al trastorno afectivo bipolar. La primera se evidencia por medio de practicas como: cuidar estando presente, cuidar apoyando, cuidar hablando y alentando al otro y cuidar circulando el cuidado. En la segunda categoria, se pudieron identificar dos ejes: el del cuidador y el de la persona cuidada. Respecto del primero, se hallaron dos tendencias: cuidar transforma al cuidador y cuidar es “verraco”. En el segundo se encontraron igual numero de tendencias: el autocuidado como poetica y autocuidarse para transitar de la escafandra a la mariposa. Conclusiones Cuidar es una forma de cultivar la humanidad. Indagar por las formas de cuidado propio y del otro, tanto del cuidador como de quien es cuidado, puede hacer mas estetica la trayectoria de cuidar del equipo de salud y de la diada enfermo-cuidador.OBJECTIVE To analyze the families from the Psychoeducational Group of the Psychiatry Department of the University of Antioquia that have one member with bipolar disorder (BD) in order to identify their care-related practices. METHOD A comprehensive research project using the phenomenological and hermeneutic method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve families. The data obtained were analyzed using the Atlas ti qualitative software. RESULTS Two main categories emerged: 1. Care and family life course and 2. Care and self-care in relation to bipolar disorder. The first category manifests itself through practices such as: Taking care of the diseased person by being physically present, providing physical or emotional support, or by transferring care-related actions to other family members. Two main perspectives could be identified in the second category, namely: the caretakers perspective and that of the person being taken care of. Two tendencies were found regarding the first one: taking care of others brings about transformations in the caretakers and taking care of others is tough. The second perspective has the same number of tendencies: self-care as poetics and taking care of oneself in order to go from the Diving Bell to the Butterfly. CONCLUSIONS Taking care of others is a way of building humanity. Conducting research on care and self-care practices (i.e. the practices of both the caretaker and the person being taken care of) results in a more aesthetic way of providing care and a more aesthetic patient-caretaker dyad.

CHANGES IN BRAIN NETWORK MEASURES IN PRE-SYMPTOMATIC ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE WITH E280A PRESENILIN-1 MUTATION GENE

Autophagy is deregulated in AD and we have recently shown deregulation of autophagy in schizophrenia. Furthermore, ADNP transcripts were increased in lymphocyted from schizophrenia patients compared to matched controls (Molecular Psychiatry, 2013, [Epub ahead of print]). The aim of the present project was to evaluate ADNP and the related ADNP2 lymphocyte expression in AD. Methods: Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated from AD patients and age-matched controls by ficoll grandiet separation. RNA was extracted using the Trizol reagent followed by reverse transcription and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ADNP and ADNP2 RNA. Results were normalize to the TATA box transcript. Results: ADNP RNAwas increased by w8-folds in AD lymphocyte samples compared to controls (p<0.05). This was in contrast to the transcript of ADNP2, which did not change. In comparison to schizophrenia patients (Molecular Psychiatry, 2013, [Epub ahead of print]), the increase in ADNP expression was apparently w3-fold greater in AD patients, and ADNP2 expression was also significantly increased in schizophrenia patients. Conclusions: Our results posit ADNP and ADNP2 lymphocyte expression as markers for AD and schizophrenia with differential disregulated expression in the two indications. Interestingly, previous proteomic studies identified ADNP as the only protein decreasing in AD serum, suggesting potential rapid turn-over, structural changes and/or defective translation mechanism that have been associated with cognitive deficiencies. These studies pave the path to better disease understanding, novel biomarkers and personalized medicine.

EFFECT OF PS-1 E280A MUTATION OF FAMILIAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ON QUANTITATIVE EEG IN ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS

Autophagy is deregulated in AD and we have recently shown deregulation of autophagy in schizophrenia. Furthermore, ADNP transcripts were increased in lymphocyted from schizophrenia patients compared to matched controls (Molecular Psychiatry, 2013, [Epub ahead of print]). The aim of the present project was to evaluate ADNP and the related ADNP2 lymphocyte expression in AD. Methods: Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated from AD patients and age-matched controls by ficoll grandiet separation. RNA was extracted using the Trizol reagent followed by reverse transcription and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ADNP and ADNP2 RNA. Results were normalize to the TATA box transcript. Results: ADNP RNAwas increased by w8-folds in AD lymphocyte samples compared to controls (p<0.05). This was in contrast to the transcript of ADNP2, which did not change. In comparison to schizophrenia patients (Molecular Psychiatry, 2013, [Epub ahead of print]), the increase in ADNP expression was apparently w3-fold greater in AD patients, and ADNP2 expression was also significantly increased in schizophrenia patients. Conclusions: Our results posit ADNP and ADNP2 lymphocyte expression as markers for AD and schizophrenia with differential disregulated expression in the two indications. Interestingly, previous proteomic studies identified ADNP as the only protein decreasing in AD serum, suggesting potential rapid turn-over, structural changes and/or defective translation mechanism that have been associated with cognitive deficiencies. These studies pave the path to better disease understanding, novel biomarkers and personalized medicine.